Overfishing, social problems and ecosocial sustainability in Senegalese fishing communities

This study explores living conditions of people in Senegalese fishing communities in relation to environmental change and unregulated fishing by foreign boats, weakening local opportunities and increasing forced migration of youth, creating problems for the future development of local fishery communities. It employs a postcolonial perspective and analyzes data collected through interviews with individuals from Senegalese fishing communities, social workers and relevant documents. The results show local reactions based on alliances between social workers and local community members to overfishing and the need for national and global structural changes. It is argued that EU’s fishing agreements with Senegalese government is one of the reasons behind youths’ forced migration to EU countries and that the betterment of the living conditions of fishery communities in Senegal requires not only already emerging alliances between social workers and local community members, but also national and global structural changes to protect Africa’s fishing communities and local fisheries

Demography of Aging

From 2010-2015, the annual growth rate of older adults was 3.3 percent globally (United- Nations 2017). As the proportion of the world’s population continues to age, the increasing number of older adults in the population presents significant challenges for policy makers in nearly all sectors of society. According to the United Nations Population Ageing Report 2017, the global population of adults 60 years and older increased more than two-fold from 382 million in 1980 to 962 million in 2017, and the number is expected to reach nearly 2.1 billion by 2050 (United Nations 2018). While population aging affects nearly every country in the world, the pace of aging has been faster is less developed countries than in developed countries (He, Goodkind, & Kowal 2016). Demographic changes in fertility, mortality, and to a lesser extent migration, have had profound effects on the age-structure of many societies worldwide. These population trends in global aging require improved data and analyses to assist societies with social and economic shifts in social welfare and health care services, labor markets and retirement, technology, housing, transportation, and intergenerational relationships. With an increasingly larger share in the population of aging adults in virtually every country throughout the world, it is imperative that governments design innovative policies specifically aimed at public services to benefit aging individuals and societies. In our chapter we present an overview of important issues related to global trends in population aging. We organized this review according to five key areas: (1) demographic determinants of global aging; (2) measures and methods; (3) trajectories of population aging; (4) theoretical considerations; and (5) future research directions

Social capital and AIDS-resilient communities: Strengthening the AIDS response

This article argues that an effective AIDS response must expand the biomedical and individual behaviour frames to include structural interventions that create circumstances that enable behavioural change and strengthen communities\u27 own efforts to address prevention and treatment. How can the emergence of AIDS-resilient communities be supported? The article underscores the importance of cultural and sociological variables in shaping effective responses to HIV and AIDS; social, political and environmental circumstances can facilitate or impede behavioural choices and can strengthen or remove barriers to HIV-resilient actions. A \u27social capital lens\u27 brings into sharp relief how culture, context, power relations, the distribution of social and natural resources, vulnerability and marginalisation all play a role in shaping options, behaviour and practices. Using this lens will give us a better understanding of the complex networks of factors influencing human behaviours and social practices and allows us to better support the emergence of AIDS-resilient communities and health-enabling environments. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC