THE BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EMBRYOGENIC CELL LINES OBTAINING AND PLANTLETS OF CONIFEROUS SPECIES IN SIBERIA IN CULTURE IN VITRO

Experiments of culturing the immature isolated embryos and megagamethophytes of Siberian coniferous species were carried out on different modified media: ½ LV medium for Pinus sibirica and Pinus pumila, MSG and AI media (patent № 2431651) for Larix sibirica and Larix gmelinii, DCR medium for Picea ajanensis. For induction of embryogenic callus every species needs the optimized medium supplemented with L-glutamine, casein hydrolysate, ascorbic acid and hormones with different concentrations and their different proportions. The active proliferation of embryonal masses is observed on the same medium with reduced concentration of cytokinins. The proliferation of embryonal masses was significantly improved when they were subcultured after dispersing in liquid medium. The somatic embryos from embryonal masses are matured on basal medium with ABA (60-120 mM) and PEG. In spite of species specificity the embryogenesis of morphogenic structures had the same scheme: elongation and asymmetric division of somatic cells, formation of initial cells and embryonal tubes, development of globular, torpedo and bipolar somatic embryos, embryos maturation and germination. However, not all donor-plants of coniferous species can form the embryogenic cell lines and somatic embryos. The active development of embryonal masses and formation of somatic embryos are observed from zygotic embryo of hybrid seeds of P. sibirica and L. sibirica. The obtained embryogenic lines were characterized by different proliferative activity. During 10 months cultivation the value of embryonal masses in different lines was 140-570 g. The number of somatic embryos varies from 210 to 410 per 100 mg of callus fresh weight. Decreasing proliferation activity did not observed during 24-45 months cultivation. However, development of somatic embryos in long cultivated lines decreased. Maturation of somatic embryos and development of plantlets were established in L. sibirica and P. pumila 50-60 somatic embryos were matured per 1g of callus fresh weight. Somatic embryogenesis passes over the strong genetic control. Only donor tree genotypes with high reproductive potential form embryogenic cell lines and somatic embryos. The maternal affect was very strong relative to paternal and other effects. The studying molecular mechanisms involved in the control regulation of embryo development (embryo maturation, desiccation and germination) allows to understand many aspects of molecular biology of gymnosperms

The tested and measured coefficients of the protective materials to keep from harm of the ionizing radiation

У статті викладено результати лабораторних випробувань нових матеріалів, призначених для виготовлення засобів індивідуального захисту для працівників атомних електричних станцій, які обмежують вплив зовнішніх іонізуючих випромінювань. Експериментально встановлено, що запропоновані матеріали мають захисні властивості від α-, β-випромінювань. Визначено коефіцієнти захисту і встановлено їхні параметричні залежності від кількості шарів матеріалу.The article presents the results of laboratory tests of the developed materials, used for the manufacture of permeable protective clothing, which has characteristics to limit the impact of external ionizing radiation. It has been experimentally proved that these materials have the properties to protect from α-, β-ionizing radiation. The coefficients of protection were determined and their parametric dependence on the number of material layers was defined.В статье изложены результаты лабораторных испытаний новых материалов, предназначенных для изготовления средств индивидуальной защиты, которые ограничивают влияние внешних ионизирующих излучений на работников атомных электрических станций. Экспериментально установлено, что предложенные материалы имеют защитные свойства от α-, β-излучений. Определены коэффициенты защиты и установлены их параметрические зависимости от количества слоев материала

Agrobiological evaluation of Allium ampeloprasum L. variety samples in comparison with Allium sativum L. cultivars

ArticleThe purpose of investigation is to study the biological and morphological features, to establish the economic and valuable characteristics of the introduced and local forms of Allium ampeloprasum L. in comparison with Allium sativum L. and to study the effect of removal of the scape in the yield. The studies used field, statistical, settlement and analytical methods. The weight of the bulb without removing the inflorescence shoot of the cultivar Sofiivskyi was 28.4– 53.3 g smaller than the variety samples No. 2 and No. 3 respectively. With removing the scape the difference increased by 60.5–68.6 g. The yield of No. 2 variety sample Allium ampeloprasum L. without removing the scape was lower than the standard by 1.7 t ha-1 while the variety sample No. 3 exceeded the standard by 1.1 t ha-1 . With the removal of inflorescence shoot the yields of variety samples No. 2 and No. 3 exceeded the cultivar Sofiivskyi by 1.6 and 2.2 t ha-1 . It has been established according to the researches that introduced forms of Allium ampeloprasum L. have high indicators of economic and valuable characteristics, but they are limited in the first years of cultivation, by the period of adaptation to the new soil and climatic conditions

Досвід використання довготривалої електростимуляції при ушкодженнях нервів, поєднаних з ішемією м’язів передпліччя

The aim of the work: to improve the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with nerve damage combined with forearm muscle ischemia through the use of reconstructive surgery techniques and long-term nerve stimulation. Materials and Methods. The analysis of surgical treatment of ten patients with nerve injury, combined with supracondylar fractures of the humerus, complicated by ischemia of the muscles of the forearm. Representatives of the male sex accounted for 80 % of the surveyed, female – 20 %. The average period from the moment of injury to reconstruction was 4.7 months. In all cases, surgical treatment was carried out – neurolysis, autoplasty, nerve suturing, angiolysis, removal of degeneratively altered tissues within the highest density of fascial-bone gaps. In 8 cases, reconstructive neurosurgical intervention was completed by implantation of a system for long-term direct stimulation of the NE-Si 3M nerves (VEL, Ukraine). Results and Discussion. The proposed method led to a significant improvement in treatment outcomes in 80 % of victims. Considering the complex mechanism of development of changes of the muscular apparatus due to the denervation and ischemic genesis, the elimination of at least the denervation effects, by stimulating the regenerative potential of the damaged peripheral nerve is a rather promising direction.Цель работы: повысить эффективность лечения больных с повреждениями нервов, соединенных с ишемией мышц предплечья путем использования методик реконструктивной хирургии и длительной электростимуляции нервов. Материалы и методы.  Проведен анализ хирургического лечения десяти больных с травмой нервов, соединенных с супракондилярнимы переломы плечевой кости, осложненных ишемией мышц предплечья.  Представители мужского пола составляли 80 % обследованных, женского – 20 %. Средний срок с момента получения травмы до проведения реконструктивного вмешательства составил 4,7 месяцев.  Во всех случаях проведено хирургическое лечение – невролиз, аутопластика, сшивания нервов, ангиолиз, удаление дегенеративно измененных тканей в пределах наибольшей плотности фасциально-костных промежутков.  В 8 случаях реконструктивное нейрохирургическое вмешательство завершалось имплантацией системы для долговременной прямой электростимуляции нервов “Ней-Си 3М” (ВЭЛ, Украина). Результаты исследований и их обсуждение.  Предложенная методика позволила достичь существенного улучшения результатов лечения у 80 % пострадавших.  Учитывая сложный механизм развития изменений мышечного аппарата вследствие денервационных и ишемического генеза, устранение минимум денервационных эффектов путем стимуляции регенерационного потенциала поврежденного периферического нерва является довольно перспективным направлением.Мета роботи: підвищити ефективність лікування хворих з ушкодженнями нервів, поєднаних з ішемією мʼязів передпліччя шляхом використання методик реконструктивної хірургії та довготривалої електростимуляції нервів. Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз хірургічного лікування десяти хворих з травмою нервів, поєднаних з супракондилярними переломи плечової кістки, ускладнених ішемією м’язів передпліччя. Представники чоловічої статі складали 80 % обстежених, жіночої – 20 %. Середній термін від моменту отримання травми до проведення реконструктивного втручання становив 4,7 місяців. В усіх випадках проведено хірургічне лікування – невроліз, аутопластика, зшивання нервів, ангіоліз,  видалення дегенеративно змінених тканин в межах найбільшої щільності фасціально-кісткових проміжків. У 8 випадках реконструктивне нейрохірургічне втручання завершувалось імплантацією системи для довготривалої прямої електростимуляції нервів “Ней-Сі 3М” (ВЕЛ, Україна). Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Запропонована методика дозволила досягти суттєвого поліпшення результатів лікування у 80 % постраждалих. Враховуючи складний механізм розвитку змін м’язового апарату внаслідок денерваційного та ішемічного ґенезу, усунення щонайменше денерваційних ефектів, шляхом стимуляції регенераційного потенціалу ушкодженого периферичного нерва є доволі перспективним напрямком

Emotional burning of preschool teachers: factors of development, diagnostics, prevention of art therapy and self-identification

The article examines the actual aspect of health in the profession of preschool teacher. The authors have shown that the day-to-day psychological work of a caregiver requires the development of effective methods of preventing occupational stress in order to preserve the psychological health of the caregiver’s personality and to find ways to overcome emotional burnout. The factors of the development of teachers’ emotional burnout in modern preschool institutions have been established. The essence of the concepts of «emotional burnout» and «professional burnout» has been clarified. With the help of diagnostic methods of research the indicators of emotional burnout levels, strong-willed self-regulation, manifestations of anxiety, resistance self-esteem to stress were revealed

Spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfer in brachial plexus injury: outcomes of anterior vs. posterior approach to the suprascapular nerve at associated ipsilateral spinal accessory nerve injury

Objective: The spinal accessory nerve (Acc) is susceptible to trauma in at least 6% of cases of brachial plexus injury (BPI). The impaired Acc function disables its utilization for transfer to the suprascapular nerve (SS). The selection of approach to SS is highly dependant on the anatomy of BPI. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of the anterior-posterior approach of Acc to SS transfer in BPI and associated functional outcomes. Methods. Twenty nine patients with BP/Acc associated injury were included. Ten patients underwent the transfer of Acc to SS by the anterior approach (AA), 19 patients – by the posterior approach (PA). Nine nerve transfers through AA and one nerve transfer through PA required the interposition of an autologous nerve graft. The functioning of the supra-/infraspinatus muscle was evaluated at 9 and 15mos. on the basis of the MRC and the external rotation (ER) range. ER more than +400 beyond the sagittal plane was regarded as effective recovery of function. Results. Impaired function (M3 or lower on MRC) of the lower trapezius muscle was associated with preserved anatomy of the SS in the supraclavicular region in 9 out of 10 cases. Eighteen patients (62%) recovered to M3 and higher (shoulder stability), 11of these (38%) showed recovery to M4-M5. Five of all patients recovered to M4-M5 and were able to produce ER within the effective ROM (+400-600 of ER). After the AA to the SS, shoulder stability was restored in 60% of cases (M4-M5 in 30%). After the PA to the SS, shoulder stability was restored in 74% of cases (M4-M5 in 42%). Only non-complete BPI showed effective recovery of power and function in terms of less than 6 mos. after injury. PA to SS with no graft provided shoulder stability in 72% of cases, AA to the SS and the graft interposition ensured shoulder stability in 50% of cases. Conclusions. The incidence of AA to the SS was 35%, PA – 65%; preserved anatomy of the SS in supraclavicular region was associated with an increased risk of trapezius muscle dysfunction; the PA to SS and consecutive direct end-to-end transfer of Acc showed better results compared to other combinations of nerve transfers in providing shoulder stability

Phenotypic evaluation of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma

Microarray profiling of invasive breast carcinomas has identified five distinct subtypes of tumors (luminal A, luminal B, normal breast-like, HER2 overexpressing, and basal-like) that are associated with different clinical outcomes. The basal-like subtype is associated with poor clinical outcomes and is the subtype observed in BRCA1-related breast cancers. The aim of this study was to characterize the histologic and immunophenotypic properties of breast basal-like carcinomas that were first positively identified using DNA microarray analysis. Detailed histologic review was performed on 56 tumors with known microarray profiles (23 basal-like, 23 luminal, and 12 HER2+). Immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor (ER), HER2, EGFR, smooth muscle actin (SMA), p63, CD10, cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 8/18, and vimentin was performed on 18 basal-like, 16 luminal, and 12 HER2+ tumors. The basal-like tumors were grade 3 ductal/NOS (21/23) or metaplastic (2/23) carcinomas that frequently showed geographic necrosis (17/23), a pushing border of invasion (14/23), and a stromal lymphocytic response (13/23). Most basal-like tumors showed immunoreactivity for vimentin (17/18), luminal cytokeratin 8/18 (15/18), EGFR (13/18), and cytokeratin 5/6 (11/18), while positivity for the myoepithelial markers SMA (4/18), p63 (4/18) and CD10 (2/18) was infrequent. All basal-like tumors tested were ER− and HER2−. Morphologic features significantly associated with the basal-like subtype included markedly elevated mitotic count (P less than 0.0001), geographic tumor necrosis (P=0.0003), pushing margin of invasion (P=0.0001), and stromal lymphocytic response (P=0.01). The most consistent immunophenotype seen in the basal-like tumors was negativity for ER and HER2, and positivity for vimentin, EGFR, cytokeratin 8/18, and cytokeratin 5/6. The infrequent expression of myoepithelial markers in basal-like carcinomas does not support a direct myoepithelial cell derivation of these tumors. These findings should further assist in the identification of basal-like carcinomas in clinical specimens, facilitating treatment and epidemiologic studies of this tumor subtype

Genomic analysis of estrogen cascade reveals histone variant H2A.Z associated with breast cancer progression

We demonstrate an integrated approach to the study of a transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in the progression of breast cancer and we identify a protein associated with disease progression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome tiling arrays, whole genome mapping of transcription factor-binding sites was combined with gene expression profiling to identify genes involved in the proliferative response to estrogen (E2). Using RNA interference, selected ERα and c-MYC gene targets were knocked down to identify mediators of E2-stimulated cell proliferation. Tissue microarray screening revealed that high expression of an epigenetic factor, the E2-inducible histone variant H2A.Z, is significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and decreased breast cancer survival. Detection of H2A.Z levels independently increased the prognostic power of biomarkers currently in clinical use. This integrated approach has accelerated the identification of a molecule linked to breast cancer progression, has implications for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, and can be applied to a wide range of cancers

The molecular portraits of breast tumors are conserved acress microarray platforms

Background Validation of a novel gene expression signature in independent data sets is a critical step in the development of a clinically useful test for cancer patient risk-stratification. However, validation is often unconvincing because the size of the test set is typically small. To overcome this problem we used publicly available breast cancer gene expression data sets and a novel approach to data fusion, in order to validate a new breast tumor intrinsic list. Results A 105-tumor training set containing 26 sample pairs was used to derive a new breast tumor intrinsic gene list. This intrinsic list contained 1300 genes and a proliferation signature that was not present in previous breast intrinsic gene sets. We tested this list as a survival predictor on a data set of 311 tumors compiled from three independent microarray studies that were fused into a single data set using Distance Weighted Discrimination. When the new intrinsic gene set was used to hierarchically cluster this combined test set, tumors were grouped into LumA, LumB, Basal-like, HER2+/ER-, and Normal Breast-like tumor subtypes that we demonstrated in previous datasets. These subtypes were associated with significant differences in Relapse-Free and Overall Survival. Multivariate Cox analysis of the combined test set showed that the intrinsic subtype classifications added significant prognostic information that was independent of standard clinical predictors. From the combined test set, we developed an objective and unchanging classifier based upon five intrinsic subtype mean expression profiles (i.e. centroids), which is designed for single sample predictions (SSP). The SSP approach was applied to two additional independent data sets and consistently predicted survival in both systemically treated and untreated patient groups. Conclusion This study validates the breast tumor intrinsic subtype classification as an objective means of tumor classification that should be translated into a clinical assay for further retrospective and prospective validation. In addition, our method of combining existing data sets can be used to robustly validate the potential clinical value of any new gene expression profile