A new mathematical problem related to quantization of fields

This paper is a survey of author's mathematical and logical study of the problem of quantization of fields.Comment: 11 pages, to appear in Russian Journal of Math. Phys. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:hep-th/0601080, arXiv:1110.000

Challenges of beta-deformation

A brief review of problems, arising in the study of the beta-deformation, also known as "refinement", which appears as a central difficult element in a number of related modern subjects: beta \neq 1 is responsible for deviation from free fermions in 2d conformal theories, from symmetric omega-backgrounds with epsilon_2 = - epsilon_1 in instanton sums in 4d SYM theories, from eigenvalue matrix models to beta-ensembles, from HOMFLY to super-polynomials in Chern-Simons theory, from quantum groups to elliptic and hyperbolic algebras etc. The main attention is paid to the context of AGT relation and its possible generalizations.Comment: 20 page

Nitric Oxide Mediates Stretch-Induced Ca2+ Release via Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway in Smooth Muscle

Hollow smooth muscle organs such as the bladder undergo significant changes in wall tension associated with filling and distension, with attendant changes in muscle tone. Our previous study indicated that stretch induces Ca(2+) release occurs in the form of Ca(2+) sparks and Ca(2+) waves in urinary bladder myocytes. While, the mechanism underlying stretch-induced Ca2+ release in smooth muscle is unknown.We examined the transduction mechanism linking cell stretch to Ca(2+) release. The probability and frequency of Ca(2+) sparks induced by stretch were closely related to the extent of cell extension and the time that the stretch was maintained. Experiments in tissues and single myocytes indicated that mechanical stretch significantly increases the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the amplitude and duration of muscle contraction. Stretch-induced Ca(2+) sparks and contractility increases were abrogated by the NO inhibitor L-NAME and were also absent in eNOS knockout mice. Furthermore, exposure of eNOS null mice to exogenously generated NO induced Ca(2+) sparks. The soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ did not inhibit SICR, but this process was effectively blocked by the PI3 kinase inhibitors LY494002 and wortmannin; the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS were up-regulated by 204+/-28.6% and 258+/-36.8% by stretch, respectively. Moreover, stretch significantly increased the eNOS protein expression level.Taking together, these results suggest that stretch-induced Ca2+ release is NO dependent, resulting from the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in smooth muscle

Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs). 3. Free versus Bound Hydroxyl Radicals in EPFR Aqueous Solutions

Additional experimental evidence is presented for in vitro generation of hydroxyl radicals because of redox cycling of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) produced after adsorption of 2-monochlorophenol at 230 °C (2-MCP-230) on copper oxide supported by silica, 5% Cu(II)O/silica (3.9% Cu). A chemical spin trapping agent, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was employed. Experiments in spiked O17 water have shown that ∼15% of hydroxyl radicals formed as a result of redox cycling. This amount of hydroxyl radicals arises from an exogenous Fenton reaction and may stay either partially trapped on the surface of particulate matter (physisorbed or chemisorbed) or transferred into solution as free OH. Computational work confirms the highly stable nature of the DMPO–OH adduct, as an intermediate produced by interaction of DMPO with physisorbed/chemisorbed OH (at the interface of solid catalyst/solution). All reaction pathways have been supported by ab initio calculations

Effect of Systemic Hypertension With Versus Without Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on the Progression of Atrial Fibrillation (from the Euro Heart Survey).

Hypertension is a risk factor for both progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) and development of AF-related complications, that is major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). It is unknown whether left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as a consequence of hypertension is also a risk factor for both these end points. We aimed to assess this in low-risk AF patients, also assessing gender-related differences. We included 799 patients from the Euro Heart Survey with nonvalvular AF and a baseline echocardiogram. Patients with and without hypertension were included. End points after 1 year were occurrence of AF progression, that is paroxysmal AF becoming persistent and/or permanent AF, and MACCE. Echocardiographic LVH was present in 33% of 379 hypertensive patients. AF progression after 1 year occurred in 10.2% of 373 patients with rhythm follow-up. In hypertensive patients with LVH, AF progression occurred more frequently as compared with hypertensive patients without LVH (23.3% vs 8.8%, p = 0.011). In hypertensive AF patients, LVH was the most important multivariably adjusted determinant of AF progression on multivariable logistic regression (odds ratio 4.84, 95% confidence interval 1.70 to 13.78, p = 0.003). This effect was only seen in male patients (27.5% vs 5.8%, p = 0.002), while in female hypertensive patients, no differences were found in AF progression rates regarding the presence or absence of LVH (15.2% vs 15.0%, p = 0.999). No differences were seen in MACCE for hypertensive patients with and without LVH. In conclusion, in men with hypertension, LVH is associated with AF progression. This association seems to be absent in hypertensive women

Progression From Paroxysmal to Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Clinical Correlates and Prognosis

Objectives: We investigated clinical correlates of atrial fibrillation (AF) progression and evaluated the prognosis of patients demonstrating AF progression in a large population. Background: Progression of paroxysmal AF to more sustained forms is frequently seen. However, not all patients will progress to persistent AF. Methods: We included 1,219 patients with paroxysmal AF who participated in the Euro Heart Survey on AF and had a known rhythm status at follow-up. Patients who experienced AF progression after 1 year of follow-up were identified. Results: Progression of AF occurred in 178 (15%) patients. Multivariate analysis showed that heart failure, age, previous transient ischemic attack or stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypertension were the only independent predictors of AF progression. Using the regression coefficient as a benchmark, we calculated the HATCH score. Nearly 50% of the patients with a HATCH score >5 progressed to persistent AF compared with only 6% of the patients with a HATCH score of 0. During follow-up, patients with AF progression were more often admitted to the hospital and had more major adverse cardiovascular events. Conclusions: A substantial number of patients progress to sustained AF within 1 year. The clinical outcome of these patients regarding hospital admissions and major adverse cardiovascular events was worse compared with patients demonstrating no AF progression. Factors known to cause atrial structural remodeling (age and underlying heart disease) were independent predictors of AF progression. The HATCH score may help to identify patients who are likely to progress to sustained forms of AF in the near future. \ua9 2010 American College of Cardiology Foundation

STATE IMMUNITY NONSPECIFIC PIGS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS OF ONTOGENY STRESS AT INCLUSION IN THE DIET ADDITIVES «B-GLUCAN» AND «BIOVIR»

У статті наведені дані про стан неспецифічної резистентності організму поросят-сисунів до відлучення, а також висвітлені результати дослідження стану функціональної адаптації організму тварин за дії стресу в різні стресорні періоди, а саме: через одну, сім, двадцять і шістдесят діб після відлучення. Встановлено, що через одну добу після відлучення, що відповідає стадії тривоги (за Сельє), у крові тварин К групи спостерігається зниження активності гуморальної і клітинної ланки природної резистентності. На це вказують отримані числові значення величини лізоцимної та бактерицидної активності сироватки крові, а також інтенсивності фагоцитозу. Через 7, 20 та 60 діб після відлучення, що відповідає стадії резистентності, величина досліджуваних показників організму поросят поступово стабілізується і наближається до періоду перед відлученням. Вивчено можливість використання в раціоні поросят з 5- до 45-добового віку кормової біологічної добавки на основі бета-глюкану – «В-глюкан» та добавки на основі низькомолекулярних пептидів клітинної стінки лакто- і біфідобактерій – «Біовір» для зниження негативної дії стресу відлучення у період адаптації організму тварин до нових умов утримання, на що вказує вірогідне підвищення величина ЛАСК і БАСК, ФА, ФІ нейтрофілів крові поросят у різні стресорні періоди онтогенезу.В статье приведены данные о состоянии неспецифической резистентности организма поросят-сосунков к отлучению, а также освещены результаты исследования состояния функциональной адаптации организма животных за действия стресса в различные стрессорные периоды, а именно: через одну, семь, двадцать шестьдесят суток после отъема. Установлено, что через сутки после отлучения, что соответствует стадии тревоги (по Селье), в крови животных К группы наблюдается снижение активности гуморального и клеточного звена естественной резистентности. На это указывают полученные числовые значения величины лизоцимнои и бактерицидной активности сыворотки крови, а также интенсивности фагоцитоза. Через 7, 20 и 60 суток после отлучения, что соответствует стадии резистентности, величина исследуемых показателей организма поросят постепенно стабилизируется и приближается к периоду перед отлучением. Изучена возможность использования в рационе поросят с 5 до 45-суточного возраста кормовой биологической добавки на основе бета-глюканы – «В-глюкан» и добавки на основе низкомолекулярных пептидов клеточной стенки лакто- и бифидобактерий - «Биовир» для снижения негативного воздействия стресса отлучения в период адаптации организма животных к новым условиям содержание, на что указывает достоверное повышение величина ЛАСК и БАСК, ФА, ФИ нейтрофилов крови поросят в разные стрессорных периоды онтогенеза.The article presents data on nonspecific resistance of the organism flukes piglets before weaning, and highlights results of investigation of functional adaptation of animals for the actions of stress in different stress periods, namely through one, seven, twenty and sixty days after weaning. Established that through one day after weaning corresponding alert phase (by Selye) in animal blood group K decrease activity of humoral and cellular level of natural resistance. At this point numeric obtained values of lizotsymnoyi and serum bactericidal activity and intensity of phagocytosis. After 7, 20 and 60 days after weaning stage corresponding resistance value of the studied parameters piglets body is gradually stabilizing and approaching the period before weaning. The possibility of using a diet of piglets 5- to 45-days old biological feed additives based on beta-glucan – «B-glucan» and supplements based on low molecular weight peptides cell wall lakto- and bifidobacteria – «Biovir» to reduce the negative impact of stress weaning the period of adaptation to the new animal welfare, as indicated by significant increase value kindness and Basque FA, FI neutrophils pigs in different stress periods of ontogeny