A Preliminary Archaeological Survey and Assessment of the Meadowmont Property, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Technical Report No. 23, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series present the findings of archaeological surveys and test excavations completed by the RLA between 1983 and present

An Archaeological Survey and Assessment of the Proposed Great Alamance Creek Sewer Line Route, Alamance County, North Carolina

Technical Report No. 22, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series present the findings of archaeological surveys and test excavations completed by the RLA between 1983 and present

Archaeological Testing of Portions of the Meadowmont Property, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Technical Report No. 24, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series present the findings of archaeological surveys and test excavations completed by the RLA between 1983 and present

An Archaeological Survey of Portions of Orange County, North Carolina

Research Report No. 12, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series discuss the findings of archaeological excavations and research projects undertaken by the RLA between 1984 and present

Test Excavations at Selected Log Cabin Sites in Orange County, North Carolina

Research Report No. 10, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series discuss the findings of archaeological excavations and research projects undertaken by the RLA between 1984 and present

Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Sanford Raw Water Reservoir in Lee County, North Carolina

Technical Report No. 18, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series present the findings of archaeological surveys and test excavations completed by the RLA between 1983 and present

The Projectile Point Classification Project: The Classification of Projectile Points in Existing Archaeological Collections from North Carolina

Technical Report No. 19, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series present the findings of archaeological surveys and test excavations completed by the RLA between 1983 and present

The Projectile Point Classification Project: A Classification of Projectile Points in Existing Archaeological Collections from North Carolina (Phase II)

Technical Report No. 26, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Reports in this series present the findings of archaeological surveys and test excavations completed by the RLA between 1983 and present

Economic downturn results in tick-borne disease upsurge

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The emergence of zoonoses is due both to changes in human activities and to changes in their natural wildlife cycles. One of the most significant vector-borne zoonoses in Europe, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), doubled in incidence in 1993, largely as a consequence of the socio-economic transition from communism to capitalism and associated environmental changes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To test the effect of the current economic recession, unemployment in 2009 and various socio-economic indices were compared to weather indices (derived from principal component analyses) as predictors for the change in TBE case numbers in 2009 relative to 2004-08, for 14 European countries.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Greatest increases in TBE incidence occurred in Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (91, 79 and 45%, respectively). The weather was rejected as an explanatory variable. Indicators of high background levels of poverty, e.g. percent of household expenditure on food, were significant predictors. The increase in unemployment in 2009 relative to 2008 together with 'in-work risk of poverty' is the only case in which a multivariate model has a second significant term.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Background socio-economic conditions determine susceptibility to risk of TBE, while increased unemployment triggered a sudden increase in risk. Mechanisms behind this result may include reduced resistance to infection through stress; reduced uptake of costly vaccination; and more exposure of people to infected ticks in their forest habitat as they make greater use of wild forest foods, especially in those countries, Lithuania and Poland, with major marketing opportunities in such products. Recognition of these risk factors could allow more effective protection through education and a vaccination programme targeted at the economically most vulnerable.</p