3,257 research outputs found

    Validation of microsatellite markers for assisted selection of soybean resistance to cyst nematode races 3 and 14.

    Get PDF
    ABSTRACT - The objective of this work was to validate microsatellite markers associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) races 3 and 14, in soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes, for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. Microsatellites of soybean linkage groups A2, D2 and G were tested in two populations, and their selection efficiencies were determined. The populations were 65 F2:3 families from Msoy8001 (resistant) x Conquista (susceptible) cross, and 66 F2:3 families of S5995 (resistant) x Renascença (susceptible) cross, evaluated for resistance to races 3 and 14, respectively. Families with female index up to 30% were considered moderately resistant. Markers of A2 and G linkage groups were associated with resistance to race 3. Markers Satt309 and GMENOD2B explained the greatest proportion of phenotypic variance in the different groups. The combinations Satt309+GMENOD2B and Satt309+Satt187 presented 100% selection efficiency. Resistance to race 14 was associated with markers of G linkage group, and selection efficiency in the Satt309+Satt356 combination was 100%. The selection differential obtained by phenotypic and marker assisted selection showed that both can result in similar gains. RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi validar marcadores microssatélites associados à resistência às raças 3 e 14 do nematóide-de-cisto (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) da soja (Glycine max L.), para serem utilizados em programas de seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares (SAM). Microssatélites dos grupos de ligação A2, D2 e G da soja foram testados em duas populações, e suas eficiências de seleção foram determinadas. As populações foram 65 famílias F2:3,do cruzamento Msoy8001 (resistente) x Conquista (suscetível), e 66 famílias F2:3, do cruzamento S5995 (resistente) x Renascença (suscetível), avaliadas para a resistência às raças 3 e 14, respectivamente. Famílias com índice de fêmeas de até 30% foram consideradas moderadamente resistentes. Marcadores dos grupos de ligação A2 e G apresentaram associação com a resistência à raça 3. Os marcadores Satt309 e GMENOD2B explicaram a maior proporção da variância fenotípica nos diferentes grupos. As combinações Satt309+GMENOD2B e Satt309+Satt187 apresentaram eficiência de seleção de 100%. A resistência à raça 14 foi associada com marcadores do grupo de ligação G, e a eficiência de seleção da combinação Satt309+Satt356 foi de 100%. Os diferenciais de seleção fenotípica e de seleção assistida mostraram que os dois tipos de seleção podem proporcionar ganhos similares

    Varietal thiols in white wines from portuguese grape varieties

    Get PDF
    Wines from Antão Vaz, Arinto, Fernão Pires, Verdelho da Madeira and Viosinho grape cultivars, from 2009 and 2010 vintages, were studied in order to characterize the volatile thiols profile, namely 4-mercapto-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (4MMP), 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA). Volatile thiols profile of these wines was also compared to a Sauvignon blanc wine produced in Portugal. Besides sensory analysis, all wines were analyzed using GC coupled to different detectors, namely FID, FPD, MS and Olfactometry (GC-O). In all wines, GC-O analyses showed the existence of two olfactory zones related to the presence of 4MMP and 3MH. A third olfactory zone for 3MHA was only observed for the youngest wines. The wines produced from Portuguese cultivars presented aromatic intensities comparable or even higher than those obtained in the Sauvignon blanc wine. Indeed, 3MH was found in all wines and the highest amounts were observed in Antão Vaz, Arinto and Viosinho wines. In general, these findings are in agreement with those obtained by sensory analysis

    Emprego do babaçu (Orbignya phalerata) como fonte energética para caititus (Pecari tajacu).

    Get PDF
    O objetivo foi estudar o emprego de babaçu integral e torta de babaçu, como fontes energéticas substituindo parte do milho na alimentação do caititu (Pecari tajacu) em sistemas de cativeiro. No experimento-I, avaliou-se o desempenho de 12 animais, testando-se o babaçu integral em rações de mantença. No experimento-II avaliou-se o desempenho de 12 animais, testando-se a torta de babaçu em rações de terminação. Os mesmos foram abatidos para análise de carcaças. Avaliaram-se rendimento, composição, medidas, órgãos, glândulas e cortes comerciais. O Ganho diário de peso (GDP) e consumo diário de ração (CDR) dos animais que receberam babaçu integral, diminuíram quando a proporção do babaçu aumentou. Até 25% de inclusão do mesmo, obtiveram CDR satisfatório. Considerando-se a disponibilidade e custo reduzido do babaçu integral na Amazônia comparando-o ao milho, sugere-se até 25% de babaçu integral em rações de caititus em mantença. Embora não foi observada nenhuma diferença significativa (P> 0,05) dos níveis de farelo de babaçu sobre o ganho médio diário eo consumo médio diário de ração, os resultados mostram bom desempenho em 40% de torta na ração de caititus em fase de terminação. Houve uma tendência para bons GDP, consumo, rendimentos de carcaça e cortes comerciais em 40% de torta de babaçu, sugerindo-a como alternativa energética substituindo o milho em rações para caititus na fase de terminação

    Inheritance of resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 3 and 14 in soybean RIL and F2 populations.

    Get PDF
    The objective of this work was to evaluate the soybean inheritance of resistance to cyst nematode races 3 and 14. The following populations where evaluated: one population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) [Hartwig (resistant) x Y23 (susceptible line)] for races 3, 14 and 9; one population of families F2:3 [M-SOY 8001 (resistant) x MB/BR 46 -Conquista (susceptible)] for race 3; and one population of families F2:3 [(S5995 (resistant) x BRSMG Renascença (susceptible)] for race 14. In RIL populations, four epistatic genes were identified which conditioned resistance to race 14, and three epistatic ones for resistance to races 3 and 9. The lack of one gene provided moderate resistance under all situations. The highest number of genes for resistance to race 14 points out that genes responsible for lower effects might be involved. In population F2:3 from M-SOY 8001 x MB/BR 46 - Conquista, one recessive gene for moderate resistance and two recessive genes complete resistance to race 3 were identified. Two recessive genes conditioning moderate resistance to race 14 were identified in population F2:3 from the crossing S5995 x BRSMG Renascença. These results will be useful in designing crossings, involving these parentals, with higher possibility to accumulating genes that provide resistance to several SCN races

    Effect of essential oils from Eucalyptus on the growth of aflatoxigenic species

    Get PDF
    In Brazil, Eucalyptus species has been cultivated as source of energy and cellulose. They represent the most important cultivated forest in the country. In production areas, the leaves from the trees decay on the soil as green fertilizer. In this study were evaluated pure and blends of essential oils from different species of eucalyptus trees grown in Brazil for antifungal activity against aflatoxigenic species Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. These fungal species can grow and contaminate grains during the storage period under high r.h. conditions, with an eventual production of aflatoxins. Antifungal activity was evaluated by the radial growth measurement of the fungi inoculated on maize meal extract agar basic medium. The eucalyptus oils were evaluated in a contact assay and a fumigant assay using pure and blended oils. Six concentrations of pure and blended oils were evaluated at the following doses: 0, 2, 4, 16, 32 and 84 μL per 20 mL of fungi culture medium. Fungal inocula from conidia suspensions containing 106 spores/mL was inoculated by a needle. Glass Petri dishes were incubated for 9 days at 28°C (± 0.3°C) in the dark. Antifungal activity was observed in all pure and blended oils, in different concentrations of contact and fumigant assay, for both fungi. Eucalyptus stageiriana oil and E. stageiriana + the hybrid E. grandis x E. urophylla oils blend controlled the total fungal growth at the lowest dose (20 μL). Keywords: Essential oil; Eucalyptus spp.; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Antifungal activity

    Produção integrada de uva para vinho: PI-UV.

    Get PDF
    A implantação do Sistema PI-UV, proposto para o Vale, significa implantar um processo de gestão ambiental que facilita a inserção dos produtores do Vale do São Francisco, principalmente no mercado Europeu, ao estabelecer normas similares que asseguram uma cuidadosa utilização dos recursos naturais, uso mínimo de agrotóxicos e insumos e o uso de medidas preventivas de pragas e doenças, tendo-se como base as Diretrizes Gerais para a Produção Integrada de Frutas, estabelecidas pela Instrução Normativa nº 20, do MAPA
    corecore