ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В ИНДУСТРИИ СПОРТА: НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ, ИННОВАЦИИ И ФОРМЫ ПОДДЕРЖКИ

Within the framework of this article, the authors analyze the following areas of entrepreneurial activity in sports industry: sports and health services, including fitness clubs, sports clubs, schools and academies; managing the competitions (leagues); corporate sports; media resources; bookmakers, e-sports. As part of the work, positive examples of entrepreneurship in sports industry were noted, as well as the role, interests and tasks of the state. The directions of innovative development within each of the identified blocks are considered separately. The authors also systematized support measures for development entrepreneurship (small and medium enterprises – SME) and identified its features for the sports industry. Following directions for further research are proposed: analysis of individual markets for entrepreneurship in the sports industry; development and testing of methods for assessing the effectiveness of support measures for SME in sports industry; development of professional training of entrepreneurs for the sports industry.В рамках настоящей статьи авторы проанализировали следующие направления предпринимательской деятельности в индустрии спорта: спортивно-оздоровительные услуги, в том числе фитнес-клубы, спортивные клубы, школы и академии; организация соревнований (лиг); корпоративный спорт; медиаресурсы; букмекерские конторы, киберспорт. В рамках работы отмечены положительные примеры предпринимательства в индустрии спорта, а также роль, интересы и задачи государства. Отдельно рассмотрены направления инновационного развития в рамках каждого из выделенных блоков. Также авторы систематизировали меры поддержки предпринимательства и выявили его особенности для индустрии спорта. В качестве направлений дальнейших исследований в данной сфере предложены: анализ отдельных рынков предпринимательства в индустрии спорта; разработка и апробация методик оценки эффективности мер поддержки предпринимательства в индустрии спорта; развитие профессиональной подготовки предпринимателей для индустрии спорта

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SPORTS INDUSTRY: DIRECTIONS, INNOVATIONS AND SUPPORT

Within the framework of this article, the authors analyze the following areas of entrepreneurial activity in sports industry: sports and health services, including fitness clubs, sports clubs, schools and academies; managing the competitions (leagues); corporate sports; media resources; bookmakers, e-sports. As part of the work, positive examples of entrepreneurship in sports industry were noted, as well as the role, interests and tasks of the state. The directions of innovative development within each of the identified blocks are considered separately. The authors also systematized support measures for development entrepreneurship (small and medium enterprises – SME) and identified its features for the sports industry. Following directions for further research are proposed: analysis of individual markets for entrepreneurship in the sports industry; development and testing of methods for assessing the effectiveness of support measures for SME in sports industry; development of professional training of entrepreneurs for the sports industry

Both Ca2+ and Zn2+ are essential for S100A12 protein oligomerization and function

Background Human S100A12 is a member of the S100 family of EF-hand calcium-modulated proteins that are associated with many diseases including cancer, chronic inflammation and neurological disorders. S100A12 is an important factor in host/parasite defenses and in the inflammatory response. Like several other S100 proteins, it binds zinc and copper in addition to calcium. Mechanisms of zinc regulation have been proposed for a number of S100 proteins e.g. S100B, S100A2, S100A7, S100A8/9. The interaction of S100 proteins with their targets is strongly dependent on cellular microenvironment. Results The aim of the study was to explore the factors that influence S100A12 oligomerization and target interaction. A comprehensive series of biochemical and biophysical experiments indicated that changes in the concentration of calcium and zinc led to changes in the oligomeric state of S100A12. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed that the presence of both calcium and zinc is essential for the interaction of S100A12 with one of its extracellular targets, RAGE – the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products. By using a single-molecule approach we have shown that the presence of zinc in tissue culture medium favors both the oligomerization of exogenous S100A12 protein and its interaction with targets on the cell surface. Conclusion We have shown that oligomerization and target recognition by S100A12 is regulated by both zinc and calcium. Our present work highlighted the potential role of calcium-binding S100 proteins in zinc metabolism and, in particular, the role of S100A12 in the cross talk between zinc and calcium in cell signaling

A human CCT5 gene mutation causing distal neuropathy impairs hexadecamer assembly in an archaeal model

Chaperonins mediate protein folding in a cavity formed by multisubunit rings. The human CCT has eight non-identical subunits and the His147Arg mutation in one subunit, CCT5, causes neuropathy. Knowledge is scarce on the impact of this and other mutations upon the chaperone’s structure and functions. To make progress, experimental models must be developed. We used an archaeal mutant homolog and demonstrated that the His147Arg mutant has impaired oligomeric assembly, ATPase activity, and defective protein homeostasis functions. These results establish for the first time that a human chaperonin gene defect can be reproduced and studied at the molecular level with an archaeal homolog. The major advantage of the system, consisting of rings with eight identical subunits, is that it amplifies the effects of a mutation as compared with the human counterpart, in which just one subunit per ring is defective. Therefore, the slight deficit of a non-lethal mutation can be detected and characterized

Analysis of the Medicinal Products for Human Use Authorised in the Russian Federation

The available range of medicinal products is growing every year.The aim of the study was to analyse the range of medicines authorised in the Russian Federation.Materials and methods: the analysis covered the data presented in the State Register of Medicines (as of June 2021) and the current regulations specifying the range of medicines.Results: this article presents the results of analysis of medicines authorised in the Russian Federation, in terms of the following parameters: international non-proprietary names, trade names, groups according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, dosage forms, routes of administration, primary and secondary packaging, storage conditions, and shelf life. The analysis demonstrated that there are over 19 thousand medicines authorised in the Russian Federation, most of which are produced in Russia. The largest groups of medicines are antimicrobial products for systemic use, medicines for the treatment of nervous system and cardiovascular system disorders. The most common dosage form is tablets, and the most common primary packaging is vials. The most frequent storage temperature requirements are 15–25 and 2–8 °C. About half of all medicines have the shelf life of 3 years.Conclusions: the data presented in this article can be used for unification of approaches to maintaining the State Register of Medicines, elaboration of reference books, and will be useful for medicine developers and manufacturers when planning and preparing regulatory submissions

ПОЧВЕННО-ЗООЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЕ АЛЛЮВИАЛЬНЫХ ТОРФЯНЫХ ПОЧВ, ЗАГРЯЗНЁННЫХ НЕФТЕПРОДУКТАМИ

The paper explores alluvial peat soil polluted by oil products and estimates the criteria of biological and agrochemical properties of peat soil. The paper reveals their being changed under the influence of oil products. The authors found out that oil products increased the toxicity of peat soils and reduced total exchange base and concentration of labile soil nutrients. This influenced negatively the number of the main groups of microorganisms. The cellulose-fermenting microorganisms were less resistant to soil pollution caused by oil products, their number was reduced in 6.1 times at weak form (from 78.7·104 to 13.0·104 ), strong formin 17.1 times (up to 4.6·104 ). The research found out that microscopic fungi appeared to be the most resistant to oil products; at weak form of pollution their number was reduced in 2.6 times (from 33.6·103 to 13.0·103 ); at strong form of pollution their number was reduced in 3.7 times (up to 9.0·103 ). The authors observed 655 soil organisms that belong to 17 species, 14 bloodlines and 6 orders. The springtails and Tenuipalpidae are mostly wide-spread in the investigated areas. Their high number was observed at the safe plots and the polluted ones. This certifies about their high plasticity and low resistance to soil pollution by oil products.На основании почвенно-зоологического обследования аллювиальных торфяных почв, загрязнённых нефтепродуктами, и оценки параметров биологических и агрохимических свойств выявлено их изменение под действием этого поллютанта. Установлено, что нефтепродукты значительно повысили степень токсичности торфяных почв, снизили в них показатель суммы обменных оснований и содержания подвижных форм элементов минерального питания. Всё это оказало неблагоприятное воздействие на численность основных групп микроорганизмов. Наиболее чувствительными к загрязнению почвы нефтепродуктами являлись целюллозоразлагающие микроорганизмы, они снизили свою численность при слабой её степени в 6,1 раза (с 78,7·104 до 13,0·104 ), при сильной степени – в 17,1 раза (до 4,6·104 ). Наименее чувствительными к нефтепродуктам оказались микроскопические грибы, они при слабой степени загрязнения снизили свою численность только в 2,6 раза (с 33,6·103 до 13,0·103 ), а при сильной степени – в 3,7 раза (до 9,0·103 ). Среди почвенных организмов в торфяных почвах было выявлено 655 особей, принадлежащих к 17 видам, 14 семействам и 6 отрядам. Наиболее широко распространенными на исследованных территориях (встречались на всех участках) оказались представители ногохвосток и плоские клещи. Их высокая численность не только на чистых участках, но и на подвергнувшихся загрязнению нефтепродуктами, свидетельствует об их высокой пластичности и малой чувствительности к загрязнению почвы этим поллютантом

Alpha helix-coil phase transition: analysis of ab initio theory predictions

In the present paper we present results of calculations obtained with the use of the theoretical method described in our preceding paper [1] and perform detail analysis of alpha helix-random coil transition in alanine polypeptides of different length. We have calculated the potential energy surfaces of polypeptides with respect to their twisting degrees of freedom and construct a parameter-free partition function of the polypeptide using the suggested method [1]. From the build up partition function we derive various thermodynamical characteristics for alanine polypeptides of different length as a function of temperature. Thus, we analyze the temperature dependence of the heat capacity, latent heat and helicity for alanine polypeptides consisting of 21, 30, 40, 50 and 100 amino acids. Alternatively, we have obtained same thermodynamical characteristics from the use of molecular dynamics simulations and compared them with the results of the new statistical mechanics approach. The comparison proves the validity of the statistical mechanic approach and establishes its accuracy.Comment: 34 pages, 12 figure