20,062 research outputs found
Deviancy, Dependency, and Disability: The Forgotten History of Eugenics and Mass Incarceration
Three widely discussed explanations of the punitive carceral state are racism, harsh drug laws, and prosecutorial overreach. These three narratives, however, only partially explain how our correctional system expanded to its current overcrowded state. Neglected in our discussion of mass incarceration is our largely forgotten history of the long-term, wholesale institutionalization of the disabled. This form of mass detention, motivated by a continuing application of eugenics and persistent class-based discrimination, is an important part of our history of imprisonment, one that has shaped key contours of our current supersized correctional system. Only by fully exploring this forgotten narrative of long-term detention and isolation will policy makers be able to understand, diagnose, and solve the crisis of mass incarceration
Retelling Orpheus: Orpheus in the Renaissance
This paper examines the importance of the Orpheus myth during the English Renaissance. The
Orpheus myth was one of the most common mythic intertexts of the period due to the fact
that we could see the very story of Orpheus as being imbedded within the idea of the
Renaissance itself. The main ambition of the Renaissance humanist was to bring the literature
of the ancients back to life via the means of education. In other words, they attempted to bring
the dead back to life and Orpheus serves as an embodiment of this ambition due to his ability
to bring inanimate objects to life and in his journey to the underworld to rescue Eurydice. We
find many different aspects of the Orpheus myth dealt with in Renaissance writing, for
example Orpheus as poet, Orpheus as lover and the death of Orpheus being some of the key
focal points. This paper, however, will focus specifically on the role of Orpheus as Poet as, due
to the Renaissance love for art, rhetoric and eloquence, this seems to be the most popular
dimension of the Orpheus myth at that time. We will see how Renaissance writers reinterpret
the story of Orpheus, as originally told by Ovid and Virgil, in the Metamorphoses and the
Georgics respectively, to show Orpheus as not only as being an archetypal poet but in fact the
very first poet whose art is not only responsible for the civilisation of man, but also for the
creation of a “Golden Age” in Renaissance England
Failure in welfare partnerships – a gender hypothesis: reflections on a serendipity pattern in Local Safeguarding Children Boards
This article examines the roles that occupational segregation and gender bias in the welfare professions play in persistent failures in inter-agency and inter-professional collaborations. Drawing on case study evidence from a Local Safeguarding Children Board in England, a ‘serendipity pattern’ of gender dominance is identified within professions affecting inter-professional collaborations such as those prevalent in Local Safeguarding Children Boards. As we assign this pattern ‘strategic interpretation’, we suggest that policy measures taken to augment the effectiveness of welfare partnerships have, so far, paid insufficient attention to the critical variable of gender, due to over-emphasis on the organisations, rather than the professions, involved. The article’s contribution to practice is unravelling the potential of this oversight to contribute to failure to establish a collaborative mind-set. Our contribution to theory is highlighting specific cultural barriers to inter-professional collaborations, unravelling the power differentials rooted in gender inequity in public sector workforces and challenging professional and organizational traditionalism. In doing so, we offer empirical evidence of the ‘gender hypothesis’ in welfare partnerships and indicate how future investigations might be pursued in this area
Non-equilibrium physics of Rydberg lattices in the presence of noise and dissipative processes
We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of driven spin lattices in the presence
of decoherence caused by either laser phase noise or strong decay. In the first
case, we discriminate between correlated and uncorrelated noise and explore
their effect on the mean density of Rydberg states and the full counting
statistics (FCS). We find that while the mean density is almost identical in
both cases, the FCS differ considerably. The main method employed is the
Langevin equation (LE) but for the sake of efficiency in certain regimes, we
use a Markovian master equation and Monte Carlo rate equations, respectively.
In the second case, we consider dissipative systems with more general power-law
interactions. We determine the phase diagram in the steady state and analyse
its generation dynamics using Monte Carlo rate equations. In contrast to
nearest-neighbour models, there is no transition to long-range-ordered phases
for realistic interactions and resonant driving. Yet, for finite laser
detunings, we show that Rydberg lattices can undergo a dissipative phase
transition to a long-range-ordered antiferromagnetic (AF) phase. We identify
the advantages of Monte Carlo rate equations over mean field (MF) predictions
Environmental Policy and Capital Movements: The Role of Government Commitment
This paper explores the relationship between environmental protection and international capital movements, when tax policy is endogenous (through voting). A two-period general equilibrium model of a small open economy is specified to compare the effects of two different constitutions (commitment or no commitment in tax policy), as well as income inequality. Under the commitment regime, the equilibrium is characterised by a lower labour tax, higher environmental tax and less capital moving abroad than in the no-commitment equilibrium. Furthermore, given the degree of commitment, more equal societies are characterised by tougher environmental policy and less capital moving abroad.Environmental policy, international capital movements, time consistency, inequality, political economy, human capital
Impact of global structure on diffusive exploration of organelle networks
We investigate diffusive search on planar networks, motivated by tubular
organelle networks in cell biology that contain molecules searching for
reaction partners and binding sites. Exact calculation of the diffusive mean
first-passage time on a spatial network is used to characterize the typical
search time as a function of network connectivity. We find that global
structural properties --- the total edge length and number of loops --- are
sufficient to largely determine network exploration times for a variety of both
synthetic planar networks and organelle morphologies extracted from living
cells. For synthetic networks on a lattice, we predict the search time
dependence on these global structural parameters by connecting with percolation
theory, providing a bridge from irregular real-world networks to a simpler
physical model. The dependence of search time on global network structural
properties suggests that network architecture can be designed for efficient
search without controlling the precise arrangement of connections.
Specifically, increasing the number of loops substantially decreases search
times, pointing to a potential physical mechanism for regulating reaction rates
within organelle network structures.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Scientific Report
Viscous Withdrawal of Miscible Liquid Layers
In viscous withdrawal, a converging flow imposed in an upper layer of viscous
liquid entrains liquid from a lower, stably stratified layer. Using the idea
that a thin tendril is entrained by a local straining flow, we propose a
scaling law for the volume flux of liquid entrained from miscible liquid
layers. A long-wavelength model including only local information about the
withdrawal flow is degenerate, with multiple tendril solutions for one
withdrawal condition. Including information about the global geometry of the
withdrawal flow removes the degeneracy while introducing only a logarithmic
dependence on the global flow parameters into the scaling law.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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