Evaluation of the HETs formation in the progression of tuberculosis in the model of Drosophila

TFMOne HealthProgression towards active tuberculosis (TB) has been linked to the formation of Neutrophilic Extracellular Traps (NETs) in mammals. This study evaluated the role of this mechanism in the TB model of Drosophila Melanogaster (Drosophila) after Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) inoculation in third instar larvae. After bacterial injection, in vivo and in vitro tracking of inflammatory cell dynamics associated with the infection was performed. To monitor the dynamics, the binary UAS-GAL4 system was used to create specific gain-of-function phenotypes. Notably, the filopodial formation was seen in both in vitro and in vivo samples, indicating morphological similarities with NETs formation. In vitro, filopodial extensions were associated with M. marinum bacteria, which suggests functional similarities with NETs. However, no DNA stained with DAPI was detected outside of the nuclei neither in viable cells nor disrupted cells, demonstrating that Drosophila larvae may not produce Hemocyte Extracellular Traps (HETs) after bacterial infection

Visual acuity of pseudophakic patients predicted from in-vitro measurements of intraocular lenses with different design

The optical quality of a set of IOLs (modeling set: one monofocal and two bifocals) was assessed through focus by the area under the modulation transfer function (MTFa) metric and related to the visual acuity (VA) defocus curves of pseudophakic patients implanted with said IOLs. A non-linear relationship between the MTFa and clinical VA was obtained with an asymptotic limit found to be the best VA achievable by the patients. Two mathematical fitting functions between clinical VA and MTFa were derived with high correlation coefficients (R-2 >= 0.85). They were applied to the MTFa obtained from a different set of IOLs with advanced designs (trial set: one extended range of vision -ERV-, one trifocal ERV and one trifocal apodized) to predict VA versus defocus of patients implanted with these IOLs. Differences between the calculated VA and the clinical VA for both fitting models were within the standard deviation of the clinical measurements in the range of -3.00 D to 0.00 D defocus. thus proving the suitability of the MTFa metric to predict clinical VA performance of new IOL designs. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreemen

Monitorización continúa de la colonización por bacterias multirresistentes en una unidad neonatal de cuidados intensivos. relación entre colonización e infección

Las infecciones adquiridas durante el periodo postnatal están producidas principalmente por bacterias que forman parte de la flora humana normal o del medio ambiente. La adquisición de multirresistencia por parte de estas bacterias (BMR) constituye un problema muy grave ya que los neonatos son una población muy susceptible a los procesos infecciosos. El número de antibióticos disponibles para tratar estas infecciones es muy limitado, y algunos son tóxicos, por ello es muy importante conocer el número y la dinámica de las colonizaciones y esclarecer si son un determinante de infección y en qué proporción. Así mismo es relevante conocer en números absolutos y porcentuales el significado de estas infecciones en relación a otras infecciones bacterianas y al total de todas ellas. Esta información ayudaría a establecer la importancia de los cultivos regulares para controlar las colonizaciones, la necesidad de efectuar o no aislamientos de los niños para evitar la difusión de estas bacterias y establecer los tratamientos empíricos adecuados. Existen pocos datos disponibles en la literatura acerca de la incidencia de la infección nosocomial en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos neonatales (UCIN) españolas. Los objetivos de este trabajo son observar el grado de colonización por bacterias multirresistentes de los niños de la UCIN del Hospital Vall d'Hebron y determinar la capacidad de estas bacterias para causar enfermedades infecciosas en los niños colonizados. Para ello, se ha determinado a lo largo de un periodo de cinco meses, la flora grampositiva y gramnegativa multirresistente que coloniza el intestino de los niños a su ingreso, así como su su evolución durante su permanencia en la Unidad. Además se he estudiado la transmisión cruzada de los microorganismos resistentes entre los distintos niños de la UCIN y las enfermedades infecciosas esporádicas o endémicas desarrolladas por ellos a lo largo del periodo de estudio, en relación con la flora multirresistente de colonización intestinal. Por último, en este trabajo se han determinado los mecanismos genéticos implicados en la resistencia de las bacterias detectadas con el fin de conocer si ha existido transferencia genética entre las bacterias de la Unidad. Los resultados de este estudio han mostrado que durante el periodo de estudio, el 51% de los niños que han estado ingresados en la UCIN se han colonizado por una bacteria multirresistente, siendo Klebsiella pneumoniae y Enterobacter cloacae, las especies más prevalentes. La colonización por una BMR se asoció a un mayor tiempo de estancia en UCIN y los principales factores que se asociaron a la colonización fueron la prematuridad extrema (nacimiento antes de la semana 30 de gestación), el bajo peso, la lactancia materna, la administración de nutrición parenteral y la toma de antibióticos. Se observó una enorme dinámica en la colonización de los niños condicionada por la duración variable de la estancia en la Unidad, por los cambios de box, la salida a otras unidades y en ocasiones al reingreso, así como la aparición y difusión entre los niños de las diversas especies multirresistentes detectadas. En total, fueron diecisietes los brotes detectados. De estos, 6 afectaron a entre 4 y 46 niños y los once restantes a entre 1 y 3 niños. A lo largo del periodo de estudio, las infecciones sistémicas fueron más frecuentes que las superficiales estando las primeras causadas por bacterias multirresistentes en menor proporción que las superficiales. Las especies bacterianas multirresistentes que causaron mayor proporción de infección respecto a la colonización fueron K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae y C freundi. Todo esto pone de manifiesto la complejidad de las colonizaciones por bacterias multirresistentes tanto debido a las propias bacterias, por sus variedades clonales, su dinámica de permanencia, difusión, desaparición y reaparición, como por la propia complejidad que presentan los niños en sus procesos patológicos, su movilidad y otros factores indeterminados.Infections acquired during the postnatal period are mainly produced by bacteria that are part of normal human flora or the environment. The acquisition of multidrug resistance by these bacteria (MRB) is a very serious problem because neonates are highly susceptible to infections. The number of antibiotics available to treat these infections is very limited, and some are toxic, so it is very important to know the number and dynamics of colonization and to clarify whether they are determinates of infection and in what proportion. Also is important to know the proportion of these infections in relation to other bacterial infections and the total of all of them. This information would help to establish the importance of making regular screenings to control colonization, the need for isolation of children to prevent the spread of these bacteria and to establish appropriate empirical treatments. There are few data available in the literature on the incidence of nosocomial infection in Spanish Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). The objectives of this work are to observe the level of colonization by multiresistant bacteria of children in the NICU of the Hospital Vall d'Hebron and to determine the ability of these bacteria to cause infectious disease in colonized children. To do this, it has been determined over a period of five months, the multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that colonizes the intestine of children at the income as well as their evolution during their stay in the NICU. In addition, it has been studied cross-transmission events of resistant bacteria between different NICU infants and sporadic or endemic infectious diseases developed by them throughout the study period, in relation to its colonizing antibiotic-resistant intestinal flora. Finally, in this study the genetic mechanisms involved in the resistance of bacteria detected has been determined, in order to determine whether there has been gene transfer between the bacteria at the Unit. The results of this study have shown that during the study period, 51% of children who have been admitted to the NICU were colonized by multiresistant bacteria, being Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, the most prevalent species. Colonization by a MRB was associated with a longer stay in NICU and the main factors associated with colonization were extreme prematurity (birth before 30 weeks of gestation), low birth weight, breastfeeding, parenteral nutrition and taking antibiotics. A high dynamic in the colonization of children was detected. This was conditioned by the variable length of stay in the unit, by box changes, discharge to other units and sometimes re-entry. Altogether, there were detected seventeen outbreaks. Of these, 6 affected between 4 and 46 children and the remaining eleven between 1 and 3. Throughout the study period, systemic infections were more frequent than superficial being the first ones caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria to a lesser extent than surface. All this shows the complexity of colonization by multiresistant bacteria both because the bacteria themselves, for their clonal varieties, dynamics of permanence, dissemination, disappearance and reappearance, and the complexity itself of children in their pathological processes, mobility and other undetermined factors

A Direct Arylation-Cyclisation Reaction for the Construction of Medium-Sized Rings

A strategy for assembling biaryls linked through a medium‐sized ring is herein presented. π‐Complexation of fluoroarenes to chromium tricarbonyl activates the molecule towards both C−H activation and nucleophilic aromatic substitution without covalently altering the molecular connectivity of the arene. The construction of bridged biaryl molecules with 6–10‐membered core rings is achieved through a one‐pot C−H arylation/nucleophilic aromatic substitution sequence. The methodology is applicable to the synthesis of heterocyclic as well as fully carbocyclic rings

Different Psychophysiological Responses to a High-intensity Repetition Session Performed Alone or in a Group by Elite Middle-distance Runners

Internal training load refers to the degree of disturbance in psychophysiological homeostasis provoked by a training session and has been traditionally measured through session-RPE, which is the product of the session Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and the duration. External training load refers to the actual physical work completed, and depends on session volume, intensity, frequency and density. Drafting, which is achieved by running closely behind another runner has been demonstrated to reduce the energy cost of running at a fixed speed and to improve performance. Therefore, it is hypothesized that psychophysiological responses might reflect different levels of internal load if training is performed individually or collectively. 16 elite middle-distance runners performed two high-intensity training sessions consisting of 4 repetitions of 500 m separated by 3 minutes of active recovery. Sessions were performed individually and collectively. Times for each repetition, RPE, core affect (valence and felt arousal) and blood lactate concentrations [BLa] were measured after each repetition. Main time effect was significant and increased across repetitions for [BLa] and RPE (p <0.001), and decreased for valence (p =0.001). Main group effect was significant and values were higher when training individually for [BLa] (p =0.003) and RPE (p =0.001), and lower for valence (p =0.001). No differential responses were found between conditions in terms of repeat time or felt arousal. Findings demonstrate that elite middle-distance athletes running collectively display lower levels of internal training load compared to running alone, despite external training load being similar

Platform of Citizen Interaction: the contribution to the governability of New TIC´s and Citizen Relational Management

Understanding "governability" as an interaction process among government and society, the New Technologies of Information and Communications (NTICs) can contribute as a strategy of improvement and conversion in the type of communication between both actors. This article introduces concepts referred to Customer Relationship Management applications turned into Citizen Relationship Management tools. The plus of a modeling of the multiplatforms functionalities that this solution offers and a protocol of implementation and system migration is a step forward in the achievement of obtaining an electronic government with civil democratic interaction and transparency in the management. The idea of a Platform of Citizen Interaction that auspice as a repository of the communication between public and civil entities allows having a unique and centralized database capable of being segmented of different ways to attend to a great diversity of subject matters.VIII Workshop Innovación en Sistemas de Software (WISS).Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Evaluation of Contrast Sensitivity, Chromatic Vision, and Reading Ability in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Purpose. To compare contrast sensitivity, acquired color vision deficiency, and reading ability in patients with glaucoma at different stages of the disease and to establish correlations between visual field parameters and visual function scores. Methods. This prospective cross-sectional study included 121 glaucoma patients. Subjects with a diagnosis of chronic open angle glaucoma were recruited and classified according to Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria. Patients with severe visual field defects were excluded because they were older, which could bias the interpretation of visual function tests. Contrast sensitivity was measured using the Pelli-Robson Chart and the CSV1000E test. Chromatic vision was evaluated using the Farnsworth-panel D15 and the L''Anthony D15 tests of Vision Color Recorder software. Reading ability was measured using Radner-Vissum test. Results. Contrast sensitivity (with photopic and mesopic luminance with glare) differed significantly between patients with early and moderate visual field defects (p < 0.05). Reading ability scores and results of the chromatic vision tests did not differ significantly between the two groups. Significant and moderate Spearman correlations between visual field indexes and contrast sensitivity tests were detected. Conclusions. Contrast sensitivity was significantly worse in patients with moderate glaucoma compared to those with early-stage glaucoma. Evaluation of visual function in clinical practice provides important information to address a glaucoma patient''s vision complaints

Platform of Citizen Interaction: the contribution to the governability of New TIC´s and Citizen Relational Management

Understanding "governability" as an interaction process among government and society, the New Technologies of Information and Communications (NTICs) can contribute as a strategy of improvement and conversion in the type of communication between both actors. This article introduces concepts referred to Customer Relationship Management applications turned into Citizen Relationship Management tools. The plus of a modeling of the multiplatforms functionalities that this solution offers and a protocol of implementation and system migration is a step forward in the achievement of obtaining an electronic government with civil democratic interaction and transparency in the management. The idea of a Platform of Citizen Interaction that auspice as a repository of the communication between public and civil entities allows having a unique and centralized database capable of being segmented of different ways to attend to a great diversity of subject matters.VIII Workshop Innovación en Sistemas de Software (WISS).Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI