145 research outputs found

    Evaluation du risque de contamination des preparations lactees au service de neonatalogie du chu de Treichville et resistance aux antibiotiques de la flore bacterienne

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    Les systĂšmes de prĂ©paration du lait ainsi que l’environnement hospitalier du service de nĂ©onatalogie ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s. Le risque de contamination liĂ© Ă  la prĂ©paration lactĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© Ă  l’aide d’un questionnaire. Sur un total 59 Ă©chantillons ; 36 Ă©chantillons de prĂ©paration lactĂ©e regroupĂ©s en 6 lots et 23 Ă©chantillons provenant des mains, des narines et de l’air ambiant ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s et analysĂ©s selon les normes microbiologiques relatives aux denrĂ©es alimentaires. L’analyse des lots montre une prĂ©dominance de S. aureus suivi de E. coli et enfin de P. aeruginosa. Les isolats prĂ©somptifs ont fait l’objet d’une identification par des tests biochimiques et de tests de sensibilitĂ© aux antibiotiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s selon les recommandations du ComitĂ© de l’Antibiogramme de la SociĂ©tĂ© Française de Microbiologie. Les rĂ©sultats des analyses microbiologiques rĂ©vĂšlent des charges Ă©levĂ©es de E. coli (3,6.104 ufc/ml), P. aeruginosa (7,95.103 ufc/ml) et S. aureus (3,7.103  ufc/ml) dans la prĂ©paration lactĂ©e. Pas de prĂ©sence de E. faecalis. Les tests de sensibilitĂ©s mettent en avant un haut niveau de rĂ©sistance des isolats Ă  la plupart des antibiotiques testĂ©s principalement aux Ăą-lactamines. La majoritĂ© des E. coli ont prĂ©sentĂ© un phĂ©notype de production de BLSE (35 %). On note 44,4 % de resistance des S. aureus aux aminosides donnant un phĂ©notype KTG. D’autres phĂ©notypes de BLSE ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s chez P. aeruginosa. En gĂ©nĂ©ral on rencontre une resistance importante de ces souches aux diffĂ©rents antibiotiques prĂ©sentant du coup un risque rĂ©el pour l’antibiothĂ©rapie humaine.Mots-clĂ©s : PrĂ©parations lactĂ©es, flore bactĂ©rienne de contamination, rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques, nĂ©onatalogie

    Utilisation des facteurs climatiques pour la surveillance de la fréquence des occurrences de méningite/ paludisme à Bamako

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    Objectif : Notre travail consiste Ă  : DĂ©terminer les pĂ©riodes de risque pour la mĂ©ningite et le paludisme Ă  Bamako; Etablir une corrĂ©lation entre : - d’une part les paramĂštres mĂ©tĂ©orologiques (tempĂ©rature de l’air, humiditĂ© relative de l’air, pluviomĂ©trie, insolation et vitesse du vent) et la frĂ©quence des occurrences de paludisme ; - d’autre part les mĂȘmes paramĂštres pour la mĂ©ningite. MĂ©thode : Nous avons fait une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective de l’évolution du paludisme et de la mĂ©ningite en fonction de la variation des paramĂštres mĂ©tĂ©orologiques (tempĂ©rature de l’air, humiditĂ© relative de l’air, pluviomĂ©trie, insolation et vitesse du vent) Ă  Bamako. RĂ©sultats : Le paludisme, rare au 1er et 2Ăšm trimestres, est trĂšs frĂ©quent au 3Ăš trimestre et au 4Ăš trimestre. Quant Ă  la mĂ©ningite elle est frĂ©quente au premier semestre et rare pendant le reste de l’annĂ©e. La frĂ©quence du paludisme est liĂ©e Ă  la tempĂ©rature moyenne de l’air, Ă  la grande humiditĂ© de l’air, Ă  la pluviomĂ©trie abondante, Ă  la faible insolation et Ă  la faible vitesse du vent. La frĂ©quente de la mĂ©ningite est liĂ©e Ă  la haute tempĂ©rature de l’air, Ă  la faible humiditĂ© de l’air, Ă  la faible pluviomĂ©trie, Ă  la forte insolation et Ă  la grande vitesse du vent. Conclusion : La frĂ©quence du paludisme est liĂ©e Ă  la grande humiditĂ©, et Ă  la faible insolation. Quant Ă  la mĂ©ningite, sa frĂ©quence est liĂ©e Ă  la haute tempĂ©rature, Ă  la grande vitesse du vent et Ă  la forte insolation

    Etude de la cinĂ©tique de l’hĂ©molyse dans les poches de concentrĂ©s Ă©rythrocytaires des donneurs de sanghĂ©tĂ©rozygotes AS et son implication transfusionnelle

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    Introduction: Le don de sang par le sujet drĂ©panocytaire hĂ©tĂ©rozygote AS constitue un champ d’investigation peu explorĂ©.Objectif: Contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition des conditions du don de sang par les sujets AS.Methodologie: Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude prospective horizontale qui s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e au Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS) Ă  Abidjan-Treichville sur une durĂ©e de 02 mois d’octobre 2010 Ă  novembre 2010. Nous avons sĂ©lectionnĂ© 11 donneurs AS dans une population de donneurs de sang rĂ©guliers et 11 donneurs tĂ©moins AA. Tous rĂ©pondaient aux critĂšres d’ap tude au don. Une NumĂ©ration Formule Sanguine (NFS) et un dosage de la kaliĂ©mie ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s Ă  Jour 0 Jour 10 Jour 20 et Jour 30. Les dosages ont Ă©tĂ© faits de façon comparative.Resultats: Le taux d’hĂ©moglobine moyen de nos donneurs avant le don Ă©tait supĂ©rieur ou Ă©gal Ă  12g/dl. On observait une diminution du taux d’hĂ©moglobine dans le temps Ă  par r de Jour 10 chez les AS. Chez les AA, aprĂšs une diminution brĂšve Ă  Jour 10, le taux restait stable dans le temps. Le poids moyen en hĂ©moglobine des poches issues de donneurs AS Ă©tait proche des normes de production des ConcentrĂ©s de Globules Rouges Ă  Jour 0 et Jour 10 mais le poids baissait Ă  partir de Jour 20. Le poids en hĂ©moglobine des poches AS Ă©tait infĂ©rieur Ă  celui des poches AA. La kaliĂ©mie augmentait dans le temps, ceci traduisait indirectement l’hĂ©molyse. Cette augmentation de la kaliĂ©mie Ă©tait paradoxalement plus importante chez les AA que les AS.Conclusion: Cette Ă©tude montre une cinĂ©tique de l’hĂ©molyse plus importante dans les poches AS Ă  partir de Jour 10.Mots ClĂ©s: CinĂ©tique, HĂ©molyse, Trait drĂ©panocytaireEnglish AbstractEnglish Title: Study of the kinetics of hemolysis in red cell concentrated blood units from heterogenous AS sickle cell blood donors and its transfusion implication.Introduction: Blood donation from heterogeneous AS sickle cell donors represents a little explored field of research.Objective: To contribute to define of blood donation conditions by AS subjects.Methodology: This was a prospective and cross-sectional study held at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) Abidjan-Treichville over a period of 02 months from October 2010 to November 2010. We selected 11 AS donors in a population of repeat blood donors and 11 AA donors who served as controls. All met the suitability criteria for donation. A full blood count (FBC) and a monitoring of serum potassium were done at Day 0, Day 10 Day 20 and Day 30. The results of assays were done compared.Results: The mean hemoglobin levels of our donors before donation was greater than or equal to 12g / dl. We observed a decrease in hemoglobin levels over the me from Day 10 in AS. In AA, after a brief decline at Day 10, the rate remained stable over the time. The average weight of hemoglobin AS donors in blood bags was close to those of standards of Red Cell Concentrates on Day 0 and Day 10 but the weight felt from Day 20. Weights of hemoglobin AS blood bags were lower than those of AA. Serum potassium levels increased over the time, it indirectly reflected hemolysis. The increase in serum potassium was paradoxically higher in the AA than in AS blood units.Conclusion: This study shows that hemolysis kinetic is more important in AS blood units from Day 10

    ADÉNOPATHIES CERVICO-FACIALES EN ODONTO STOMATOLOGIE: ÉTUDE DE 82 OBSERVATIONS.

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    Objectif : Ă©tudier les adĂ©nopathies cervico-faciales en rapport avec la tuberculose dans notre pratique Odonto-stomatologique. MatĂ©riels et MĂ©thodes : Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective sur une pĂ©riode de quatre ans (janvier 2007 Ă  dĂ©cembre 2010), au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Odontostomatologie (CHU OS) de Bamako, sur des cas successifs d’adĂ©nopathies cervico-faciales. L’IDRT et l’anatomopathologie de la piĂšce biopsique ont servi pour le diagnostic Ă©tiologique de la tuberculose. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies Ă  partir des dossiers mĂ©dicaux et saisies puis analysĂ©es avec le logiciel Epiinfo.fr 6.0. RĂ©sultats : Les lĂ©sions ont concernĂ© 82 patients dont 37 hommes (45,1%) avec un sex ratio de 0,82. La tranche d’ñge la plus reprĂ©sentĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© celle de 20 et 29 ans (28%). Le siĂšge anatomique privilĂ©giĂ© Ă©tait la rĂ©gion cervicale avec 34,14%.Nos patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’une radiographie thoracique dans 90,20% des cas. L’IDRT a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e chez 72% des patients et l’adĂ©nite tuberculeuse casĂ©o- folliculaire a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e dans 8,50% des cas. Conclusion : Notre Ă©tude a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une prĂ©valence de 0,31% d‘adĂ©nopathies cervico-faciales dont 80,50% Ă©tait d’origine tuberculeuse. Devant toute adĂ©nopathie cervico-faciale dans une zone d’endĂ©mie tuberculeuse, une IDRT et un examen anatomopathologique de la biopsie ganglionnaire devrait ĂȘtre systĂ©matique pour la prise en charge prĂ©coce de la tuberculose

    Indirect inguinal hernia masquerading as a Spigelian hernia

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    Inguinal hernia usually developed and descended into scrotum. The clinical presentation is inguinal or inguino-scrotal swelling. Abdominal wall weakness as it is frequently seen in African tropical zones produces often rare clinical case. We report a case of inguinal hernia presented as an abdominal wall swelling clinically suggestive of a Spigelian hernia and discuss the mechanism

    Infections bucco-dentaires en milieu psychiatrique de l’hîpital de Point-G : Observations de 130 cas.

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    Objectif : Analyser l’influence de la maladie mentale sur l’état de santĂ© bucco-dentaire des patients psychiatriques. MatĂ©riels et mĂ©thode : Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude prospective, transversale et descriptive basĂ©e sur l’observation des lĂ©sions bucco-dentaires chez les patients reçus en consultation psychiatrique. Elle s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e dans le service de Psychiatrie du Centre HospitaloUniversitaire du Point G pendant un mois (de juin Ă  juillet 2014). La population cible Ă©tait les patients psychiatriques connus suivis et/ou hospitalisĂ©s dans le service pendant la pĂ©riode de l'Ă©tude. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies Ă  partir des dossiers mĂ©dicaux et un questionnaire et saisies puis analysĂ©es avec le logiciel Epi info fr 6.0. RĂ©sultats : Pendant la pĂ©riode d’étude, 130 patients ont Ă©tĂ© retenus selon nos critĂšres d’inclusion, dont 70,0% pour le sexe masculin avec un sex ratio de 2,3. La tranche d’ñge 25- 34 ans Ă©tait la plus reprĂ©sentĂ©e, soit 31,50%. . La majoritĂ© de nos patients prĂ©sentaient une abrasion dentaire, soit 90,80% des cas. L’indice CAO/D de notre population Ă©tait de 5,22. L’halitose et la sĂšcheresse buccale Ă©taient frĂ©quentes chez les patients atteints de psychose chronique, soit respectivement 63,50% et 56,90% des cas. La gingivorragie a Ă©tĂ© observĂ© chez 61,10% des patients atteints de psychose chronique.Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude montre la frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e de l’infection bucco-dentaire en milieu psychiatrique, d’oĂč l’intĂ©rĂȘt d’un partenariat entre professionnels de la santĂ© mentale et ceux de la cavitĂ© buccal

    Genital warts and infection with human immunodeficiency virus in high-risk women in Burkina Faso: a longitudinal study

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    BACKGROUND: Human papillomaviruses are the most common sexually transmitted infections, and genital warts, caused by HPV-6 and 11, entail considerable morbidity and cost. The natural history of genital warts in relation to HIV-1 infection has not been described in African women. We examined risk factors for genital warts in a cohort of high-risk women in Burkina Faso, in order to further describe their epidemiology. METHODS: A prospective study of 765 high-risk women who were followed at 4-monthly intervals for 27 months in Burkina Faso. Logistic and Cox regression were used to identify factors associated with prevalent, incident and persistent genital warts, including HIV-1 serostatus, CD4+ count, and concurrent sexually transmitted infections. In a subset of 306 women, cervical HPV DNA was tested at enrollment. RESULTS: Genital wart prevalence at baseline was 1.6% (8/492) among HIV-uninfected and 7.0% (19/273) among HIV-1 seropositive women. Forty women (5.2%) experienced at least one incident GW episode. Incidence was 1.1 per 100 person-years among HIV-uninfected women, 7.4 per 100 person-years among HIV-1 seropositive women with a nadir CD4+ count >200 cells/ÎŒL and 14.6 per 100 person-years among HIV-1 seropositive women with a nadir CD4+ count ≀ 200 cells/ÎŒL. Incident genital warts were also associated with concurrent bacterial vaginosis, and genital ulceration. Antiretroviral therapy was not protective against incident or persistent genital warts. Detection of HPV-6 DNA and abnormal cervical cytology were strongly associated with incident genital warts. CONCLUSIONS: Genital warts occur much more frequently among HIV-1 infected women in Africa, particularly among those with low CD4+ counts. Antiretroviral therapy did not reduce the incidence or persistence of genital warts in this population

    The combination of a blood test and Fibroscan improves the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis

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    Background and aims: Blood tests and liver stiffness evaluation (LSE) by ultrasonographic elastometry are accurate tools for diagnosing liver fibrosis. We evaluated whether their synchronous combination in new scores could improve the diagnostic accuracy and reduce liver biopsy requirement in algorithm. Methods: Three hundred and ninety patients with chronic liver disease of miscellaneous causes were included. Five blood fibrosis tests were evaluated: APRI, FIB-4, Hepascore, Fibrotest and FibroMeter. The reference was fibrosis Metavir staging. Results: Diagnosis of significant fibrosis (Metavir F≄2). The most accurate synchronous combination was FibroMeter+LSE, which provided a significantly higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.892) than LSE alone (0.867, P=0.011) or Fibrometer (0.834, P<10−3). An algorithm using the FibroMeter+LSE combination and then a liver biopsy in indeterminate cases had 91.9% diagnostic accuracy and required significantly fewer biopsies (20.2%) than previously published Bordeaux algorithm (28.6%, P=0.02) or sequential algorithm for fibrosis evaluation (SAFE) (55.7%, P<10−3). The Angers algorithm performance was not significantly different between viral hepatitis and other causes. Diagnosis of cirrhosis. The most accurate synchronous combination was LSE+FibroMeter, which provided ≄90% predictive values for cirrhosis in 90.6% of patients vs 87.4% for LSE (P=0.02) and 57.9% for FibroMeter (P<10−3). An algorithm including the LSE+FibroMeter combination, and then a liver biopsy in indeterminate cases, had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than the SAFE algorithm (91.0 vs 79.8%, P<10−3), and required significantly fewer biopsies than the Bordeaux algorithm (9.3 vs 25.3%, P<10−3). Conclusion: The synchronous combination of a blood test plus LSE improves the accuracy of the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis and, consequently, markedly decreases the biopsy requirement in the diagnostic algorithm, notably to <10% in cirrhosis diagnosis

    Epidemiology of Subpatent Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: Implications for Detection of Hotspots with Imperfect Diagnostics.

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    At the local level, malaria transmission clusters in hotspots, which may be a group of households that experience higher than average exposure to infectious mosquitoes. Active case detection often relying on rapid diagnostic tests for mass screen and treat campaigns has been proposed as a method to detect and treat individuals in hotspots. Data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in north-western Tanzania were used to examine the spatial distribution of Plasmodium falciparum and the relationship between household exposure and parasite density. Dried blood spots were collected from consenting individuals from four villages during a survey conducted in 2010. These were analysed by PCR for the presence of P. falciparum, with the parasite density of positive samples being estimated by quantitative PCR. Household exposure was estimated using the distance-weighted PCR prevalence of infection. Parasite density simulations were used to estimate the proportion of infections that would be treated using a screen and treat approach with rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) compared to targeted mass drug administration (tMDA) and Mass Drug Administration (MDA). Polymerase chain reaction PCR analysis revealed that of the 3,057 blood samples analysed, 1,078 were positive. Mean distance-weighted PCR prevalence per household was 34.5%. Parasite density was negatively associated with transmission intensity with the odds of an infection being subpatent increasing with household exposure (OR 1.09 per 1% increase in exposure). Parasite density was also related to age, being highest in children five to ten years old and lowest in those > 40 years. Simulations of different tMDA strategies showed that treating all individuals in households where RDT prevalence was above 20% increased the number of infections that would have been treated from 43 to 55%. However, even with this strategy, 45% of infections remained untreated. The negative relationship between household exposure and parasite density suggests that DNA-based detection of parasites is needed to provide adequate sensitivity in hotspots. Targeting MDA only to households with RDT-positive individuals may allow a larger fraction of infections to be treated. These results suggest that community-wide MDA, instead of screen and treat strategies, may be needed to successfully treat the asymptomatic, subpatent parasite reservoir and reduce transmission in similar settings
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