Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Morchella conica Pers.

Antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activities of Morchella conica Pers. extracts obtained with ethanol were investigated in this study. Four complementary test systems; namely DPPH free radical scavenging, -carotene/linoleic acid systems, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid concentration were used. Inhibition values of M. conica ethanol extracts, buthylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) and -tocopherol standards were found to be 96.9, 98.9 and 99.2%, respectively, at aconcentration of 160 ìg/ml. When compared the inhibition levels of methanol extract of M. conica and standards in linoleic acid system, it was observed that the higher the concentration of both M. conicaethanol extract and the standards the higher the inhibition effect. Total flavonoid amount was 9.17±0.56ìg mg-1 quercetin equivalent while the phenolic compound amount was 41.93±0.29 ìg mg-1 pyrocatecholequivalent in the ethanolic extract. The antimicrobial effect of M. conica ethanol extract was tested against six species of Gram-positive bacteria, seven species of Gram-negative bacteria and one speciesof yeast. The M. conica ethanol extract had a narrow antibacterial spectrum against tested microorganisms. The most susceptible bacterium was M. flavus. The crude extract was found active on S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus Cowan I. The M. conica ethanol extract did not exhibit anticandidal activity against C. albican

Free-radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial activity of wild edible mushroom from Turkey

Antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activities of Ramaria flava (Schaeff) Quel. (RF) extracts obtained with ethanol were investigated in this study. Four complementary test systems; namely DPPH freeradical scavenging, -carotene/linoleic acid systems, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid concentration have been used. Inhibition values of R. flava extracts, BHA and -tocopherol standardswere found to be 94.7, 98.9 and 99.2%, respectively, at 160ƒÊg/ml. When compared the inhibition levels of ethanol extract of R. flava and standards in linoleic acid system, it was observed that the higher theconcentration of both RF ethanol extract and the standards the higher the inhibition effect. Total flavonoid amount was 8.27}0.28 ƒÊg mg-1 quercetin equivalent while the total phenolic compound amountwas 39.83}0.32 ƒÊg mg-1 pyrocatechol equivalent in the ethanolic extract. The ethanol extract of R. flava inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria better than Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. The crude extract showed no antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii and Proteus vulgaris. The antimicrobial activity profile of R. flava against tested strains indicated that Micrococcus flavus, Micrococcus luteus and Yersinia enterocolitica was the most susceptible bacteria of all the test strains. R. flava was found to be inactive against Candida albicans

Detection of CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Mutations Using a Carbon Nanotube-Modified Electrochemical Genosensor.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system has facilitated the genetic modification of various model organisms and cell lines. The outcomes of any CRISPR-Cas9 assay should be investigated to ensure/improve the precision of genome engineering. In this study, carbon nanotube-modified disposable pencil graphite electrodes (CNT/PGEs) were used to develop a label-free electrochemical nanogenosensor for the detection of point mutations generated in the genome by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Carbodiimide chemistry was used to immobilize the 5'-aminohexyl-linked inosine-substituted probe on the surface of the sensor. After hybridization between the target sequence and probe at the sensor surface, guanine oxidation signals were monitored using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Optimization of the sensitivity of the nanogenoassay resulted in a lower detection limit of 213.7 nM. The nanogenosensor was highly specific for the detection of the precisely edited DNA sequence. This method allows for a rapid and easy investigation of the products of CRISPR-based gene editing and can be further developed to an array system for multiplex detection of different-gene editing outcomes

Çok projeli kaynak kısıtlı proje çizelgeleme problemi: Bir yazılım firmasında uygulama çalışması

Proje yönetimi temel olarak projenin hedeflerine ulaşması için planlama ve çizelgeleme faaliyetlerinin birlikte ele alındığı faaliyetler bütünüdür. Proje çizelgeleme problemleri günümüzde proje temelli üretim yapan firmaların ortak problemi olup birtakım kısıtlar altında en kısa zamanda veya en az maliyetle projelerin tamamlanmasını amaçlayan çizelgeleme problemidir. Bu çalışmada proje bazlı çalışan ve aynı anda birden fazla projeyi eş zamanlı yürüten bir yazılım firmasındaki projelerin çizelgelenmesi için bir çözüm yolu önerilmiştir. Firmanın karşı karşıya kaldığı problemde öncüllük ilişkileri olan farklı faaliyetlere ve kısıtlı kaynaklara sahip birden çok projenin en kısa tamamlanma süresinin bulunması amaçlanmaktadır. Problemin çözümü için literatürde yer alan doğrusal karar modelleri araştırılmış ve ele alınan karar modeli optimizasyon programlama dili (OPL) yardımıyla kodlanmıştır. Karar modeli CPLEX çözücüsü ile çözdürülerek sonuçları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca firmanın proje çizelgeleme probleminin karar modeli ile çözümü kolaylaştırmak adına JAVA programlama dilinde bir yazılım geliştirilerek ara yüz tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan ara yüz sayesinde firma çalışanlarının önerilen yöntemi daha etkin kullanması sağlanmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde yapılan tez çalışması değerlendirilerek, ileride yapılabilecek çalışmalardan bahsedilmiştir. Project management is basically a combination of planning and scheduling activities with the aim to meet project‟s targets. Nowadays project scheduling is a very common problem in project based production companies. The problem is aim to complete the projects with the shortest time or minimum cost under some constraints. In this thesis, a new method was proposed for generating a schedule for a software company which runs multiple projects simultaneously. The problem faced by the company is aimed at finding the smallest completion time of multi-projects which has different precedence and constrained resources in different activities. In order to solve the problem, the linear decision models were investigated and the chosen decision model was coded using Optimization Programming Language (OPL). The results of the decision model were investigated with the help of CPLEX Optimizer solver. In order to ease the use of the decision model and the solver, a user interface was added using JAVA programming language. As a result, the end users were able to use the proposed scheduling method more affectively. In the conclusion section, the current thesis was evaluated and the possible future studies were called out