Understanding W doping in wurtzite ZnO

In the context of bandgap engineering of the ZnO photoactive material for solar harvesting applications via W doping, a number of a priori discrepant experimental observations in the literature concerning ZnO c axis expansion/contraction, bandgap red- or blue-shifting, the Zn-substitutional or interstitial nature of W atoms, or the W6+ charge compensation view with ZnO native defects are addressed by thorough density functional theory calculations on a series of bulk supercell models encompassing a large range of W contents. The present results reconcile the at first sight dissimilar observations by showing that interstitial W (Wi) is only energetically preferred over substitutional (WZn) at large large W doping concentrations; the WZn c lattice expansion can be compensated by a W triggered Zn-vacancy (VZn) c lattice contraction. The presence of WZn energetically fosters nearby VZn defects, and vice versa, up to a double VZn situation. The quantity of mono or divacancies explains the lattice contraction/expansion, and both limiting situations imply gap states which reduce the band gaps, but increase the energy gaps. Based on present results, the ZnO band gap red-shifting necessary for solar light triggered processes is achievable by W doping in Zn rich conditions

Hydroxyl identification on ZnO by infrared spectroscopies: theory and experiment

Herein, we present a thorough density functional study combining experiments on ZnO nanostructures aimed at the identification, by means of infrared (IR) spectroscopies, of hydroxyl and hydride species formed on the most stable low-index Miller surfaces of wurtzite ZnO, namely, the Zn- and O-terminated (0001) and (000 (1) over bar) polar surfaces and the nonpolar (10 (1) over bar0) and (11 (2) over bar0) surfaces. The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional was employed in periodic slab calculations, all possible H and OH adsorption modes were studied at medium and full coverages, and IR spectra were simulated for the most favorable situations. This information was used to model the most likely surface arrangements upon exposure to either H-2 or H2O. IR experiments on ZnO surfaces and nanoparticles are discussed based on the calculated adsorption energy values and simulated IR spectra. This study emphasizes the detailed assignment of OH moieties with the help of IR spectra and their interpretation as fingerprints of surface morphology, allowing for a consistent interpretation of the stability of water adlayers and their corresponding vibrational fingerprints as a function of coverage, low-index Miller surface, and hydrogen source

Morphology effects in photoactive ZnO nanostructures: photooxidative activity of polar surfaces

A series of ZnO nanostructures with variable morphology were prepared by a microemulsion method and their structural, morphological, and electronic properties were investigated by a combined experimental and theoretical approach using microscopy (high resolution transmission electron microscopy) and spectroscopic (X-ray diffraction, Raman, and UV-visible) tools, together with density functional theory calculations. The present experimental and computational study provides a detailed insight into the relationship between surface-related physicochemical properties and the photochemical response of ZnO nanostructures. Specifically, the present results provide evidence that the light-triggered photochemical activity of ZnO nanostructures is related to the predominance of highly-active (polar) surfaces, in particular, the amount of Zn-terminated (0001) surfaces, rather than band gap sizes, carrier mobilities, and other variables usually mentioned in the literature. The computational results highlight the oxidative capability of polar surfaces, independently of the degree of hydration

GLUT2-mediated glucose uptake and availability are required for embryonic brain development in zebrafish

Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2; gene name SLC2A2) has a key role in the regulation of glucose dynamics in organs central to metabolism. Although GLUT2 has been studied in the context of its participation in peripheral and central glucose sensing, its role in the brain is not well understood. To decipher the role of GLUT2 in brain development, we knocked down slc2a2 (glut2), the functional ortholog of human GLUT2, in zebrafish. Abrogation of glut2 led to defective brain organogenesis, reduced glucose uptake and increased programmed cell death in the brain. Coinciding with the observed localization of glut2 expression in the zebrafish hindbrain, glut2 deficiency affected the development of neural progenitor cells expressing the proneural genes atoh1b and ptf1a but not those expressing neurod. Specificity of the morphant phenotype was demonstrated by the restoration of brain organogenesis, whole-embryo glucose uptake, brain apoptosis, and expression of proneural markers in rescue experiments. These results indicate that glut2 has an essential role during brain development by facilitating the uptake and availability of glucose and support the involvement of glut2 in brain glucose sensing

CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs IV. New rotation periods from photometric time series

Aims. The main goal of this work is to measure rotation periods of the M-type dwarf stars being observed by the CARMENES exoplanet survey to help distinguish radial-velocity signals produced by magnetic activity from those produced by exoplanets. Rotation periods are also fundamental for a detailed study of the relation between activity and rotation in late-type stars. Methods. We look for significant periodic signals in 622 photometric time series of 337 bright, nearby M dwarfs obtained by long-time baseline, automated surveys (MEarth, ASAS, SuperWASP, NSVS, Catalina, ASAS-SN, K2, and HATNet) and for 20 stars which we obtained with four 0.2-0.8 m telescopes at high geographical latitudes. Results. We present 142 rotation periods (73 new) from 0.12 d to 133 d and ten long-term activity cycles (six new) from 3.0 a to 11.5 a. We compare our determinations with those in the existing literature; we investigate the distribution of P rot in the CARMENES input catalogue,the amplitude of photometric variability, and their relation to vsin i and pEW(Halfa); and we identify three very active stars with new rotation periods between 0.34 d and 23.6 d.Comment: 34 pages, 43 figures, 2 appendix table

Setups microfluídicos dedicados al cultivo celular

El desarrollo de nuevas herramientas de cultivo celular basadas en microtecnologías permitecontrolar el escenario mecánico, químico y eléctrico de las muestras biológicas, así comomonitorizar sus reacciones de una manera que hasta ahora era imposible. Como consecuencia,es posible generar nuevas vías para la realización de tests “in-vitro” en condiciones muysimilares a las “in-vivo”. Se espera que dicho avance permita reducir la experimentación conanimales y optimizar el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos a través de pruebas de test masivo (highthroughput).Hasta la fecha, los dispositivos microfluídicos para cultivo celular han estado basados entecnología de litografía blanda (soft-lithography), utilizando materiales como el PDMS. Latecnología basada en el material polimérico SU-8 ha sido ya previamente desarrollada y testeadapara aplicaciones del diagnóstico clínico, permitiendo no solo la construcción robusta demicrocanales, sino la posibilidad de integrar sensores y de crear redes de canales en tresdimensiones entre otras características interesantes.Tras la fabricación de los primeros dispositivos microfluídicos en SU-8 y la realización de lainserción de células en su interior, se ha podido corroborar la viabilidad del crecimiento celularen dichos dispositivos, aplicando un flujo de nutrientes continuo y controlado. Este control deflujo y el ambiente biomimético buscado se consiguen mediante el establecimiento de todo unsetup microfluídico consistente en encapsulado para el chip, reservorio, válvulas y microbomba.En este tipo de experimentación es muy importante tener un control preciso del flujo que se leestá aplicando a las células, por lo que el control de la microbomba es uno de los aspectosfundamentales en el desarrollo de setup microfluídicos para cultivo celular

A system of three transiting super-Earths in a cool dwarf star

We present the detection of three super-Earths transiting the cool star LP415-17, monitored by K2 mission in its 13th campaign. High resolution spectra obtained with HARPS-N/TNG showed that the star is a mid-late K dwarf. Using spectral synthesis models we infer its effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity and subse- quently determined from evolutionary models a stellar radius of 0.58 R Sun. The planets have radii of 1.8, 2.6 and 1.9 R Earth and orbital periods of 6.34, 13.85 and 40.72 days. High resolution images discard any significant contamination by an intervening star in the line of sight. The orbit of the furthest planet has radius of 0.18 AU, close to the inner edge of the habitable zone. The system is suitable to improve our understanding of formation and dynamical evolution of super-Earth systems in the rocky - gaseous threshold, their atmospheres, internal structure, composition and interactions with host stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter