3,910 research outputs found
Three-dimensional theory for interaction between atomic ensembles and free-space light
Atomic ensembles have shown to be a promising candidate for implementations
of quantum information processing by many recently-discovered schemes. All
these schemes are based on the interaction between optical beams and atomic
ensembles. For description of these interactions, one assumed either a
cavity-QED model or a one-dimensional light propagation model, which is still
inadequate for a full prediction and understanding of most of the current
experimental efforts which are actually taken in the three-dimensional free
space. Here, we propose a perturbative theory to describe the three-dimensional
effects in interaction between atomic ensembles and free-space light with a
level configuration important for several applications. The calculations reveal
some significant effects which are not known before from the other approaches,
such as the inherent mode-mismatching noise and the optimal mode-matching
conditions. The three-dimensional theory confirms the collective enhancement of
the signal-to-noise ratio which is believed to be one of the main advantage of
the ensemble-based quantum information processing schemes, however, it also
shows that this enhancement need to be understood in a more subtle way with an
appropriate mode matching method.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC
38 pĂĄginas, 10 figuras, 4 tablas.-- This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV are presented, using data collected with the CMS detector over a broad range of pseudorapidity (η) and azimuthal angle (Ï). Short-range correlations in Îη, which are studied in minimum bias events, are characterized using a simple âindependent clusterâ parametrization in order to quantify their strength (cluster size) and their extent in η (cluster decay width). Long-range azimuthal correlations are studied differentially as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum using a 980 nbâ1 data set at 7 TeV. In high multiplicity events, a pronounced structure emerges in the two-dimensional correlation function for particle pairs with intermediate p T of 1â3 GeV/c, 2.0 < |Îη| < 4.8 and ÎÏ â 0. This is the first observation of such a long-range, near-side feature in two-particle correlation functions in pp or p[`(p)]ppcollisions.We thank the technical and administrative sta at CERN and other CMS institutes. This
work was supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research; the Belgium
Fonds de la Recherche Scienti que, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek;
the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian
Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of
Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian
Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and
Sport; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Estonian Academy of Sciences
and NICPB; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education, and Helsinki Institute
of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucl eaire et de Physique des Particules
/ CNRS, and Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, France; the Bundesministerium f ur
Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology,
Greece; the National Scienti c Research Foundation, and National O ce for Research
and Technology, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy, and Department of Science
and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics,
Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy;
the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the World Class University
program of NRF, Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Mexican Funding
Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Pakistan Atomic Energy
Commission; the State Commission for Scienti c Research, Poland; the Funda c~ao para a
Ci^encia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan);
the Ministry of Science and Technologies of the Russian Federation, and Russian Ministry
of Atomic Energy; the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on, and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the
Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and
SER); the National Science Council, Taipei; the Scienti c and Technical Research Council
of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the Science and Technology Facilities
Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation.
Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union);
the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation;
and the Associazione per lo Sviluppo Scienti co e Tecnologico del Piemonte (Italy).Peer reviewe
Effects of Ï(3) nonlinearities in second-harmonic generation
We investigate the effects of higher-order, chi ((3)), nonlinearities on the process of second-harmonic generation. In the traveling-wave case we find substantive differences in the macroscopic behavior of the fields when the chi ((3)) components are present. In the intracavity cage, which has been investigated before using a Linearized analysis, we investigate regions where these analyses may not be valid, comparing and contrasting the full quantum simulations with previous results
Multimode model of the formation of molecular Bose-Einstein condensates by Bose-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
We investigate the conversion of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a weakly interacting gas into a molecular BEC (MBEC) by Bose-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). This method of producing an MBEC does not experience large spontaneous losses while the condensate is in an excited electronic state, and it is robust with respect to small changes in the physical parameters. We show that the atomic interactions affect the quantum statistics of the resulting field, although they do not interfere with the production of the MBEC. We demonstrate that STIRAP is still feasible when we include the spatial degrees of freedom that cause the Bose-enhanced coupling rate to vary across the condensate. The complete conversion is destroyed by spatial effects unless the time scale of the coupling is much faster than the propagation time, which in practice requires submillisecond conversion
Performance of the CMS drift tube chambers with cosmic rays
47 pĂĄginas, 24 figuras.-- Open Access.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.Studies of the performance of the CMS drift tube barrel muon system are described, with results based on data collected during the CMS Cosmic Run at Four Tesla. For most of these data, the solenoidal magnet was operated with a central field of 3.8 T. The analysis of data from 246 out of a total of 250 chambers indicates a very good muon reconstruction capability, with a coordinate resolution for a single hit of about 260 ÎŒm, and a nearly 100% efficiency for the drift tube cells. The resolution of the track direction measured in the bending plane is about 1.8 mrad, and the efficiency to reconstruct a segment in a single chamber is higher than 99%. The CMS simulation of cosmic rays reproduces well the performance of the barrel muon detector.Acknowledge
support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and
FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS
(Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy
of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF
(Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran);
SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP,
and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia,
Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN
and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK
(Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from
the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation;
and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.Peer reviewe
Search for contact interactions using the inclusive jet pT spectrum in pp collisions at âs=7 TeV
Results are reported of a search for a deviation in the jet production cross section from the prediction of perturbative quantum chromodynamics at next-to-leading order. The search is conducted using a 7 TeV proton-proton data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb-1, collected with the Compact Muon Solenoid detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A deviation could arise from interactions characterized by a mass scale Πtoo high to be probed directly at the LHC. Such phenomena can be modeled as contact interactions. No evidence of a deviation is found. Using the CL s criterion, lower limits are set on Πof 9.9 TeV and 14.3 TeV at 95% confidence level for models with destructive and constructive interference, respectively. Limits obtained with a Bayesian method are also reported. © 2013 CERN.Acknowledge support from BMWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MEYS (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine Uzbekistan); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); ThEP, IPST and NECTEC (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).Peer Reviewe
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Observation of the associated production of a single top quark -and a W boson in pp collisions at âs = 8TeV
This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.-- et al.The first observation of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson is presented. The analysis is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.2fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at s=8TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Events with two leptons and a jet originating from a b quark are selected. A multivariate analysis based on kinematic and topological properties is used to separate the signal from the dominant ttÌ background. An excess consistent with the signal hypothesis is observed, with a significance which corresponds to 6.1 standard deviations above a background-only hypothesis. The measured production cross section is 23.4±5.4pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction. © 2014 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration.We acknowledge support from BMWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MEYS (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine Uzbekistan); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); ThEP, IPST and NECTEC (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).Peer Reviewe
Search for new physics in final states with a lepton and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at the LHC
This Letter describes the search for an enhanced production rate of events with a charged lepton and a neutrino in high-energy pp collisions at the LHC. The analysis uses data collected with the CMS detector, with an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb-1 at âs=7 TeV, and a further 3.7 fb -1 at âs=8 TeV. No evidence is found for an excess. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on a heavy charged gauge boson (W âČ) in the sequential standard model, a split universal extra dimension model, and contact interactions in the helicity-nonconserving model. For the last, values of the binding energy below 10.5 (8.8) TeV in the electron (muon) channel are excluded at a 95% confidence level. Interpreting the âÎœ final state in terms of a heavy WâČ with standard model couplings, masses below 2.90 TeV are excluded. © 2013 CERN.We acknowledge support from BMWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MEYS (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine Uzbekistan); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); ThEP, IPST and NECTEC (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).Peer Reviewe
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