19,886 research outputs found
Effect of Oral Iron Tablet Administration on Serum Feritin and Hemoglobin Concentration of Pre-pregnant Women with Mild Iron Deficiency Anemia in Bali
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is still to be a problem of pregnant women healthrelated to its high prevalence and its negative effects on health. Prevention efforts by ironsuplementation in pregnant woman have not reducing IDA problem in pregnant women yet. This failure is probably due to the assumption that IDA have been seen pre-pregnant. Totest this hypothesis, a quasi experimental study was conducted by randomized pre and posttest control group design. Sample were collected by multistage sampling random technicconsist of 47 women in treated group and 52 in control group. Both group were serumferritin and hemoglobin value test untill 3 time, pre-pregnant, early pregnant and duringpregnant. Iron tablet was administrated to treated group from the beginning of pre-pregnantperiod, continued until the first 3 months of pregnancy, while in control group iron tabletwas only given during the first 3 months of pregnancy. T-group result shown that meanserum ferritin and hemoglobin concentration at pregnant women on treated group(33,45Ā±14,12 ?g/dL dan 12,25Ā±1,20 g/dl) more high than control group (19,65Ā±8,99 ?g/dLdan 10,91Ā±0,67 g/dl), p<0,05. Mean difference serum ferritin and hemoglobinconcentration at pregnant women is 13,8 ?g/dL dan 1,34 g/dl (p<0,05). Benefid analysisresult shown that iron suplementation since pre-pregnant more benefid than ironsuplementation during pregnant (BCR >1). Based on these results, it can be concluded thatiron supplementation to IDA women starting from pre-pregnant period results in a bettereffect compare to oral iron supplementation during pregnancy only
Role of Exclusive Breastfeeding and S-iga Antibodies Antirotavirus Breast Milk Towards Risk of Acute Rotavirus Diarrhea in Infants Age of 1-6 Months: Do They Corelate to Breastfeeding "Daily Dose" and Antibody Titers?
Exclusive breastfeeding reduces the incidence of diarrhea, especially in children who live in densely populated neighborhood. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and breast milk contains antirotavirus s-IgA antibodies towards risk of acute rotavirus diarrhea in infants aged of 1-6 months. Case-control study design is applied to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and breast milk contains s-IgA antibodies antirotavirus with risk of acute rotavirus diarrhea. Cases in this study were patients with acute rotavirus diarrhea and controls were patients without acute rotavirus diarrhea. Cases and controls were matched based on age. There were 23 cases and 69 controls. The proportion who received exclusive breastfeeding was 34.8% in cases and 34.4% in controls, with OR of 1.21 (95% CI: 0.45 to 3.28) and p = 0.28. Breast milk contains sIgA antibodies antirotavirus for case was 17.39% and controls was 23.2%, OR was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.29 to 4.29), p = 0.203. In conclusion, exclusive breastfeeding and breast milk contains sIgA antibodies antirotavirus were not associated with risk of acute rotavirus diarrhea in infants 1-6 months. This may be caused by differences in population and demographic studies as well as low of milk sIgA antibody antirotavirus titters. Further research of breastfeeding regardless of antirotavirus containing high antibody titters sIgA is needed
Consideration of Including Male Circumcision in the Indonesian HIV Prevention Strategy
Introduction HIV/AIDS is an emerging threat to population health. Globally, 33.4 million people were estimated to be living with HIV in 2008 including 2.1 million children.1,2 The total number of new cases was estimated to be 2.7 million people (including 430,000 children) and HIV/AIDS related death was estimated to be 2.0 million in 2008.1 Sustainable prevention measures followed by care, support and treatment program is vital to reduce the incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS
Bandwidth renormalization due to the intersite Coulomb interaction
The theory of correlated electrons is currently moving beyond the
paradigmatic Hubbard , towards the investigation of intersite Coulomb
interactions. Recent investigations have revealed that these interactions are
relevant for the quantitative description of realistic materials. Physically,
intersite interactions are responsible for two rather different effects:
screening and bandwidth renormalization. We use a variational principle to
disentangle the roles of these two processes and study how appropriate the
recently proposed Fock treatment of intersite interactions is in correlated
systems. The magnitude of this effect in graphene is calculated based on cRPA
values of the intersite interaction. We also observe that the most interesting
charge fluctuation phenomena actually occur at elevated temperatures,
substantially higher than studied in previous investigations.Comment: New appendix on benzen
Forced migration and education
This feature provides a brief account of the contemporary context of forced migration globally and the issues around education for refugees who have fled their home countries and live in exile. This discussion is informed by Paulo Freireās ideas of oppression and liberation and suggests that refugees live in the context of oppression, which stems from the forced migration and may continue through education provision in host communities. While the generosity of the hosts in this provision should be recognised, the lack of refugeesā agency in this provision is the factor linked to oppression
Environmental Impact Assessment of Petrol and Gas Filling Stations on Air Quality in Umuahia, Nigeria
This study investigated pollutants emissions from filling stations and their impact on the air quality. Gas monitors were employed to identify the different pollutants present in the ambient air of the study areas. The results showed that the most prominent pollutants present in the ambient air are the volatile organic compounds followed by methane, then carbon monoxide. Measurements were taken at the controls at distances between 20 to 200m.The pollutants concentration recorded at the study areas showed that the level of pollutants exceeded the FEPA air quality guidelines. There are few exceptions in pollutants like the particulate matter which was found to be at concentrations within the FEPA limits. Regression analysis of the pollutants at the controls showed that only the volatile organic compounds and methane are the only significant pollutants present in the ambient air primarily because of the presence of the filling stations. These two pollutants showed a strong negative correlation with distance from the study area. While the regression curve for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) shows a nearly perfect curve with exponential functions as its regression equations, that of methane is linear. Specifically, both VOCs and methane have a correlation coefficient (R) that is above 0.9 for the study areas. Hence a conclusion was drawn from the findings that the primary pollutant to consider when building filling station are the VOCs and methane and that the minimum safe distance to site a filling station is a distance of 80m away from residential areas.Keywords: Filling Station, Pollutants, Air Quality, VOCs, Methan
Floquet Energies and Quantum Hall Effect in a Periodic Potential
The Quantum Hall Effect for free electrons in external periodic field is
discussed without using the linear response approximation. We find that the
Hall conductivity is related in a simple way to Floquet energies (associated to
the Schroedinger equation in the co-moving frame). By this relation one can
analyze the dependence of the Hall conductivity from the electric field.
Sub-bands can be introduced by the time average of the expectation value of the
Hamiltonian on the Floquet states. Moreover we prove previous results in form
of sum rules as, for instance: the topological character of the Hall
conductivity (being an integer multiple of e^2/h), the Diofantine equation
which constrains the Hall conductivity by the rational number which measures
the flux of the magnetic field through the periodicity cell. The Schroedinger
equation fixes in a natural way the phase of the wave function over the reduced
Brillouin zone: thus the topological invariant providing the Hall conductivity
can be evaluated numerically without ambiguity.Comment: LaTex (revtex), 18 pages, 10 figures in .eps using epsf.sty. Changes
in eq. (3.2). References adde
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