Scalar Representation and Conjugation of Set-Valued Functions

To a function with values in the power set of a pre-ordered, separated locally convex space a family of scalarizations is given which completely characterizes the original function. A concept of a Legendre-Fenchel conjugate for set-valued functions is introduced and identified with the conjugates of the scalarizations. Using this conjugate, weak and strong duality results are proven.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1012.435

Long term effectiveness of the mixture of diatomaceous earth and deltamethrin on wheat

A mixture of diatomaceous earth (DE) and deltamethrin (DM) was developed to control stored-grain insect pests. The formulation contains a low quantity of DE and small amounts of insecticide deltamethrin technical powder dissolved in solvent and soap. This study was initiated in order to determine how long the mixture DE/DM will provide acceptable protection against infestation by the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), when applied to hard red spring wheat (HRSW) and stored under normal storage conditions. Immediately after treatment, all three species were controlled at 100 milligram per kg or parts per million (ppm) of DE/DM mixture. At 100 ppm, DE/DM mixture provided 100% population reduction of all three species for up to 12 months with little or no progeny produced.Keywords: Diatomaceous earth, Deltamethrin, Mixture, Wheat, Protectio

Structural and chemical requirements for histidine phosphorylation by the chemotaxis kinase CheA

The CheA histidine kinase initiates the signal transduction pathway of bacterial chemotaxis by autophosphorylating a conserved histidine on its phosphotransferase domain (P1). Site-directed mutations of neighboring conserved P1 residues (Glu-67, Lys-48, and His-64) show that a hydrogen-bonding network controls the reactivity of the phospho-accepting His (His-45) in Thermotoga maritima CheA. In particular, the conservative mutation E67Q dramatically reduces phospho-transfer to P1 without significantly affecting the affinity of P1 for the CheA ATP-binding domain. High resolution crystallographic studies revealed that although all mutants disrupt the hydrogen-bonding network to varying degrees, none affect the conformation of His-45. N-15-NMR chemical shift studies instead showed that Glu-67 functions to stabilize the unfavored (NH)-H-delta 1 tautomer of His-45, thereby rendering the N-epsilon 2 imidazole unprotonated and well positioned for accepting the ATP phosphoryl group

Les neuropathies optiques héréditaires : du signe clinique au diagnostic

Inherited optic atrophy must be considered when working up any optic nerve involvement and any systemic disease with signs of optic atrophy, even with a negative family history. There are two classical forms: dominant optic atrophy, characterized by insidious, bilateral, slowly progressive visual loss and temporal disc pallor, and Leber\u27s optic atrophy, characterized by acute loss of central vision followed by the same event in the fellow eye within a few weeks to months, with disc hyperemia in the acute phase. Family history is critical for diagnosis. In the absence of family history, the clinician must rule out an identifiable acquired cause, i.e. toxic, inflammatory, perinatal injury, traumatic or tumoral, with orbital and brain imaging (MRI). Recessive optic atrophies are more rare and more severe and occur as part of multisystemic disorders, particularly Wolfram syndrome (diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and hearing loss). Effective treatments are limited; alcohol and smoking should be avoided. A cyclosporine trial (taken immediately upon visual loss in the first eye) is in progress in Leber\u27s optic atrophy to prevent involvement of the fellow eye

Dorsal root ganglion macrophages contribute to both the initiation and persistence of neuropathic pain.

Paralleling the activation of dorsal horn microglia after peripheral nerve injury is a significant expansion and proliferation of macrophages around injured sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Here we demonstrate a critical contribution of DRG macrophages, but not those at the nerve injury site, to both the initiation and maintenance of the mechanical hypersensitivity that characterizes the neuropathic pain phenotype. In contrast to the reported sexual dimorphism in the microglial contribution to neuropathic pain, depletion of DRG macrophages reduces nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and expansion of DRG macrophages in both male and female mice. However, fewer macrophages are induced in the female mice and deletion of colony-stimulating factor 1 from sensory neurons, which prevents nerve injury-induced microglial activation and proliferation, only reduces macrophage expansion in male mice. Finally, we demonstrate molecular cross-talk between axotomized sensory neurons and macrophages, revealing potential peripheral DRG targets for neuropathic pain management

Hubungan Antara Imbalan Jasa Dan Motivasi Kerja Perawat Di Puskesmas Manganitu Kabupaten Sangihe

Imbalan jasa merupakan tambahan atau tunjangan yang diterima secara tidak rutin atau semua pengeluaran yang di keluarkan oleh Perusahaan atau pekerja dan diterima serta dinikmati oleh pekerja baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung. Motivasi penting karena dengan motivasi suatu organisasi dapat mencapai tujuannya dan semua anggotanya dapat menampilkan kinerja optimal, dan imbalan jasa adalah salah satu hal yang dapat memotivasi kinerja kerja perawat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Hubungan Antara Imbalan Jasa Dengan Motivasi Kerja Perawat Di Puskesmas Manganitu Kabupaten Sangihe. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan metode cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang. Hasil penelitian menggunakan Uji Korelasi Chi Square didapatkan nilai p = 0,003 < α = 0,05 OR = 7,500. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara imbalan jasa dengan motivasi kerja perawat di puskesmas manganitu kabupaten sangihe. Saran memperhatikan kesejahteraan perawat dengan pemberian imbalan yang sesuai sehingga dapat memberikan pelayanan yang lebih berkualitas