Influence of cruise ship size on length of stay in port

How long the cruise ship is staying in port? Does that value change during the year? Is the period linked to the number of passengers and the size of the ship? What influences overall period of the stay in port? These questions are just a sample of questions appeared before the research team which tried to establish rules of the Cruise ships seasonal pattern on the East Coast of the Adriatic Sea several questions appeared. Answers to cited questions are presented in this article, obtained by analysing the behaviour of cruise vessels in three biggest ports on the East Coast of the Adriatic Sea during the period of two years

Determination of the Cruise Vessels Seasonal Pattern in Eastern Adriatic

The notion of a seasonal pattern of cruise ships has been used frequently, but very few authors have analysed all the features of this pattern. This article adds some new insights on this topic by analysing cruise ship activity in the three largest ports on the east coast of Adriatic Sea in 2017 and 2018. The article presents an analysis of cruise ship arrivals at the ports and compares the analysis to the established pattern in the Mediterranean, revealing the nature of the seasonal pattern for the ports analysed. In addition, two further analyses were carried out, firstly the analysis of ship size, which determines new characteristics of the seasonal pattern. The second additional analysis considered the duration of ship visit during different times of the year and determined another pattern characteristic

Differential appearance of vacuolar polyphenols in black pine ( Pinus Nigra ) needles in response to the lowering of SO2 in the air

The changes of vacuolar polyphenols appearance in the mesophyll cells of Black pine needles during the second year of their development and the connection of these changes with distance from the pollution source were studied as needle S-content started to decrease two years after the SO2 concentration in the air approached the level that could be considered as low near the Plomin thermal power plant. Investigation plot was arranged in zones: I — less than 10 km, II — 10 to 20 km, III — 20 to 30 km around the power plant. Seven forms of vacuolar polyphenols were detected: two forms of granules — fine and larger ones, globules, thin and thick ribbons, ribbons occupying the whole cell and homogeneous mass. In the zone I the dominating were ribbon like polyphenols. The most abundant polyphenols in the zone II was the globular type while in the zone III besides large and fine granules thin ribbons were, also, well abundant. According to the linkage clustering zones I and II are more similar to each other than zone III, based on the abundance of different polyphenols types. At this point the hypothesis that vacuolar polyphenols could be considered as some kind of “memory” molecules in the environmental monitoring of the SO2 effects on plants can be made

Steppe-like grassland as a refuge of the wild edible and medicinal plant species in anthropogenic landscape in northeastern Croatia

<p>Habitat fragmentation and modification have been recognized as the most serious threats to biodiversity. In Croatia, the intensive human activities resulted in the landscape transformation, reduction of grassland areas and loss of species number. Increasingly threatened are the wild edible and medicinal plants which contribute remarkably to the biodiversity of different grassland types. In northeastern Croatia, one of the last remnants of the steppe-like grassland remained preserved in a very complex anthropogenic landscape. We examined the diversity of vascular plants occurring on this small habitat patch. Among the relatively high number of plant taxa (in a total of 177) found during the two years of investigations, most could be used both for human nutrition (28 taxa), and for the treatment of a wide range of diseases (60 taxa), while some taxa have nutritional value for livestock (17 taxa). All 23 recorded taxa with edible and medicinal properties are threatened in Croatia, 21 are threatened across Europe, and two are Red Listed taxa. Our results showed that small and isolated steppe-like grassland represents an important refuge for variety of valuable plant species in intensively used landscapes. Accordingly, such small habitats should be, at least locally, effectively protected.</p