Kapton charging characteristics: Effects of material thickness and electron-energy distribution

Charging characteristics of polyimide (Kapton) of varying thicknesses under irradiation by a very-low-curent-density electron beam, with the back surface of the sample grounded are reported. These charging characteristics are in good agreement with a simple analytical model which predicts that in thin samples at low current density, sample surface potential is limited by conduction leakage through the bulk material. The charging of Kapton in a low-current-density electron beam in which the beam energy was modulated to simulate Maxwellian and biMaxwellian distribution functions is measured

Contrôle de l'immunité postvaccinale antibovipestique après les campagnes de vaccination de 1989 et 1990 en Côte-d'Ivoire

Le laboratoire central de pathologie animale de Bingerville (Côte-d'Ivoire) a effectué en 1990 et 1991 une évaluation de l'immunité post-vaccinale antibovipestique après les campagnes de vaccination de 1989 et de 1990, qui ont eu lieu sur tout le territoire national. Le modèle d'échantillon en grappes a été choisi pour récolter 6020 sérums sur 255 sites de prélèvements en 1990, et 3301 sérums sur 158 sites en 1991. L'analyse de ces sérums par le test ELISA a donné un taux standardisé de séropositifs de 82,39 p. 100 + ou - 0,08 en 1990 et de 88,26 p. 100 + ou - 0,06 en 199

Le contrôle de qualité des vaccins et de la chaîne du froid lors des campagnes nationales de vaccination

Durant les deux campagnes de vaccination contre la peste bovine et la péripneumonie contagieuse bovine en 1989 et 1990, 507 échantillons de vaccin ont été prélevés tout le long de la chaîne de distribution qui va de la Pharmacie vétérinaire d'Abidjan au vaccinateur sur le terrain, afin de contrôler la qualité de la suspension vaccinale que reçoit l'animal. Parallèlement, la qualité de la chaîne du froid était vérifiée. Au total 463 titrages ont été réalisés. Aucun titre ne s'est révélé en dessous des normes de l'OIE/FAO, à savoir 10 puissance 2.5 DICT 50/ml pour la valence peste bovine et 10 puissance 7 germes viables/ml pour la valence péripneumoniqu

A history of the Nebraska Winnebago Indians with special emphasis on education

The purpose of this study is to reflect the effectiveness of the education of the Nebraska Winnebago Indians by the government of the United States of America

High prevalence and diversity of species D adenoviruses (HAdV-D) in human populations of four Sub-Saharan countries

Abstract. Background: Human adenoviruses of species D (HAdV-D) can be associated with acute respiratory illness, epidemic ker

Assessment of the duration of maternal antibodies specific to the homologous peste des petits ruminant vaccine “Nigeria 75/1" in Djallonké lambs

The duration of maternal immunity was determined from 112 lambs born from vaccinated ewes with the homologous PPR vaccine “Nigeria 75/1" at day 90 and day 120 of pregnancy. Serum samples were collected from lambs starting from day 15 to day 150 after birth and analyzedusing the PPR specific competitive ELISA. At day 75 and day 90 after birth, 70% and 95% of these lambs respectively became negative. So it is recommended to vaccinate lambs against PPR in the interval from 75 to 90 days after birth

Persistent anthrax as a major driver of wildlife mortality in a tropical rainforest

Anthrax is a globally important animal disease and zoonosis. Despite this, our current knowledge of anthrax ecology is largely limited to arid ecosystems, where outbreaks are most commonly reported. Here we show that the dynamics of an anthrax-causing agent, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis, in a tropical rainforest have severe consequences for local wildlife communities. Using data and samples collected over three decades, we show that rainforest anthrax is a persistent and widespread cause of death for a broad range of mammalian hosts. We predict that this pathogen will accelerate the decline and possibly result in the extirpation of local chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) populations. We present the epidemiology of a cryptic pathogen and show that its presence has important implications for conservation