Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is not just 'Morning Sickness' : data from a prospective cohort study

Background: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is usually called ‘morning sickness’. This is felt by sufferers to trivialise the condition. Symptoms have been described as occurring both before and after noon, but daily symptom patterns have not been clearly described and statistically modelled to enable the term ‘morning sickness’ to be accurately analysed. Aim: To describe the daily variation in nausea and vomiting symptoms during early pregnancy in a group of sufferers. Design and setting: A prospective cohort study of females recruited from 15 May 2014 to 17 February 2017 by Swiss Precision Diagnostics (SPD) Development Company Limited, which was researching hormone levels in early pregnancy and extended its study to include the description of pregnancy symptoms. Method: Daily symptom diaries of nausea and vomiting were kept by females who were trying to conceive. They also provided daily urine samples, which when analysed enabled the date of ovulation to be determined. Data from 256 females who conceived during the first month of the study are included in this article. Daily symptom patterns and changes in daily patterns by week of pregnancy were modelled. Functional data analysis was used to produce estimated symptom probability functions. Results: There was a peak probability of nausea in the morning, a lower but sustained probability of nausea throughout the day, and a slight peak in the evening. Vomiting had a defined peak incidence in the morning. Conclusion: Referring to nausea and vomiting in pregnancy as simply ‘morning sickness’ is inaccurate, simplistic, and therefore unhelpful

Coronal lines and the importance of deep core-valence correlation in Ag-like ions

We report on large-scale and critically evaluated {\em ab initio} MCDHF calculations of the wavelength of the "coronal", M1 transition $4f\ ^2\mathrm{F}_{5/2}^o-^2\mathrm{F}_{7/2}^o$in Ag-like ions. The transition between these two fine structure levels, which makes up the ground term for$Z \ge 62$in the isoelectronic sequence, has recently been observed in Yb$^{23+}$and W$^{27+}$, where the latter could be of great importance for fusion plasma diagnostics. We present recommended values for all members of the sequence between$Z = 50$and$94$, which are supported by excellent agreement with values from recent experiments. The importance of including core-valence correlation with the$n=3$ shell in the theoretical model is emphasized. The results show close to spectroscopic accuracy for these forbidden lines.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 3 table

The effect of an external magnetic field on the determination of E1M1 two-photon decay rates in Be-like ions

In this work we report on ab initio theoretical results for the magnetic field induced 2s2p ^3P_0 - 2s^2 ^1S_0 E1 transition for ions in the beryllium isoelectronic sequence between Z=5 and 92. It has been proposed that the rate of the E1M1 two-photon transition 2s2p ^3P_0 - 2s^2 ^1S_0 can be extracted from the lifetime of the ^3P_0 state in Be-like ions with zero nuclear spin by employing resonant recombination in a storage-ring. This experimental approach involves a perturbing external magnetic field. The effect of this field needs to be evaluated in order to properly extract the two-photon rate from the measured decay curves. The magnetic field induced transition rates are carefully evaluated and it is shown that, with a typical storage-ring field strength, it is dominant or of the same order as the E1M1 rate for low- and mid-Z ions. Results for several field strengths and ions are presented and we also give a simple Z-dependent formula for the rate. We estimate the uncertainties of our model to be within 5% for low- and mid-Z ions, and slightly larger for more highly charged ions. Furthermore we evaluate the importance of including both perturber states, ^3P_1 and ^1P_1, and it is shown that excluding the influence of the ^1P_1 perturber overestimates the rate by up to 26% for the mid-Z ions.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

A first spectroscopic measurement of the magnetic field strength for an active region of the solar corona

For all involved in astronomy, the importance of monitoring and determining astrophysical magnetic field strengths is clear. It is also a well-known fact that the corona magnetic fields play an important part in the origin of solar flares and the variations of space weather. However, after many years of solar corona studies, there is still no direct and continuous way to measure and monitor the solar magnetic field strength. We will here present a scheme which allows such a measurement, based on a careful study of an exotic class of atomic transitions known as magnetic induced transitions in Fe$^{9+}$. In this contribution we present a first application of this methodology and determine a value of the coronal field strength using the spectroscopic data from HINODE

Left-Symmetric Structures on Simple Modular Lie Algebras

AbstractThis paper investigates left-symmetric structures on finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras g over a field k. If k is of characteristic 0, then g does not admit any left-symmetric structure. This is known in the theory of affine manifolds. In the modular case, however, such structures may exist. The main purpose of this paper is to show that classical simple Lie algebras of characteristic p > 3 admit left-symmetric structures only in case p divides dim(g). The proof involves the computation of the first cohomology groups of classical Lie algebras for certain g-modules of small dimension. Here g is regarded as the Lie algebra of a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. Most of these computations are due to Jantzen. For nonrestricted simple Lie algebras of Cartan type it is shown that many more left-symmetric structures can be found. One studies so-called adjoint structures, induced by nonsingular derivations of g. The simple algebra L(G, δ, ƒ) of Block of dimension pn − 1, for example, admits adjoint structures for every p > 0. If p = 2, the results are more complicated

Making SDGs work for climate change hotspots

The impacts of climate change on people's livelihoods have been widely documented. It is expected that climate and environmental change will hamper poverty reduction, or even exacerbate poverty in some or all of its dimensions. Changes in the biophysical environment, such as droughts, flooding, water quantity and quality, and degrading ecosystems, are expected to affect opportunities for people to generate income. These changes, combined with a deficiency in coping strategies and innovation to adapt to particular climate change threats, are in turn likely to lead to increased economic and social vulnerability of households and communities, especially amongst the poorest

TP53 mutant MDM2-amplified cell lines selected for resistance to MDM2-p53 binding antagonists retain sensitivity to ionizing radiation

Non-genotoxic reactivation of the p53 pathway by MDM2-p53 binding antagonists is an attractive treatment strategy for wild-type TP53 cancers. To determine how resistance to MDM2/p53 binding antagonists might develop, SJSA-1 and NGP cells were exposed to growth inhibitory concentrations of chemically distinct MDM2 inhibitors, Nutlin-3 and MI-63, and clonal resistant cell lines generated. The p53 mediated responses of parental and resistant cell lines were compared. In contrast to the parental cell lines, p53 activation by Nutlin-3, MI-63 or ionizing radiation was not observed in either the SJSA-1 or the NGP derived cell lines. An identical TP53 mutation was subsequently identified in both of the SJSA-1 resistant lines, whilst one out of three identified mutations was common to both NGP derived lines. Mutation specific PCR revealed these mutations were present in parental SJSA-1 and NGP cell populations at a low frequency. Despite cross-resistance to a broad panel of MDM2/p53 binding antagonists, these MDM2-amplified and TP53 mutant cell lines remained sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR). These results indicate that MDM2/p53 binding antagonists will select for p53 mutations present in tumours at a low frequency at diagnosis, leading to resistance, but such tumours may nevertheless remain responsive to alternative therapies, including IR

Diaryl- and triaryl-pyrrole derivatives:Inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 and MDMX-p53 protein-protein interactions

Screening identified 2-(3-((4,6-dioxo-2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene)methyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile as an MDM2–p53 inhibitor (IC(50) = 12.3 μM). MDM2–p53 and MDMX–p53 activity was seen for 5-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methylene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione (MDM2 IC(50) = 0.11 μM; MDMX IC(50) = 4.2 μM) and 5-((1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (MDM2 IC(50) = 0.15 μM; MDMX IC(50) = 4.2 μM), and cellular activity consistent with p53 activation in MDM2 amplified cells. Further SAR studies demonstrated the requirement for the triarylpyrrole moiety for MDMX–p53 activity but not for MDM2–p53 inhibition