An analysis of language provisions in the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement

The Nunavut Act and Nunavut Land Claims Agreement were negotiated in response to a plethora of needs and desires, as expressed by the Government of Canada, the Government of the Northwest Territories and the Nunavut Tungavik Inc., an organization representing the Inuit living in the Nunavut region. An analysis of the articles in these two documents illuminates both what these needs and desires were at the time of negotiation and what the three parties deemed to be mutually appropriate and acceptable legislation in response to these needs. One relatively minor index of such concerns is the provisions for the use of the Inuit language, Inuktitut. In this paper, we examine the clauses in the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement that deal specifically with language use in varying contexts. This systematic analysis of the language provisions reveals that although language is a minor element, it is nonetheless treated explicitly and compellingly in the two founding documents of the Nunavut Territory. The analysis further demonstrates that the application of the provisions is unambiguous and, if done conscientiously, will lead to certain intended, as well as other, perhaps unintended, results

A survey of compatibility of materials with high pressure oxygen service

The available information on the compatibility of materials with oxygen as applied to the production, transport, and applications experience of high pressure liquid and gaseous oxygen is compiled. High pressure is defined as about 2000 to 3000 psia. Since high pressure projections sometimes can be made from lower pressure data, some low pressure data are also included. Low pressure data are included if they are considered helpful to a better understanding of the behavior at high pressures

Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and thermopower of aerospace alloys from 4 to 300 K. 6: Fe-22Cr-13Ni-5Mn stainless steel

The equipment and techniques for determining the thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity Lorenz ratio, and thermopower characteristics of Fe-22Cr-13Ni-5Mn stainless steel are discussed. The dimensions of the specimen and its preparation are described. The experimental data are represented by arbitrary functions over the entire range and smooth tables are generated from these functions

Thermal conductivity of austenitic stainless steel, SRM 735, from 5 to 280 K

Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity measurements were conducted on two lots of an austenitic stainless steel. Electrical resistivity measurements were performed on the second lot, both before and after the material was hot-swaged and reannealed to a size 1/10 the original diameter. These measurements indicate that this steel can be swaged and reannealed without an appreciable change in thermal conductivity. Electrical resistivity measurements as well as direct thermal conductivity measurements on several specimens from both lots indicate a material variability in these lots of less than 1% in thermal conductivity

Political Representation and Empowerment : Women in the Institutions of Local Government in Orissa after the 73rd Amendment to the Indian Constitution

The strengthening of women's participation in all spheres of life has become a major issue in the discourse of economic and social development in the last decades. Virtually every international and bilateral development agency has proclaimed policies to integrate women better into economic and social processes. The promotion of women in politics, however, especially if it is supposed to be implemented through affirmative action is still contested. This is in spite of the fact that women, who form around 50% of total world population, share a considerably lower presence in elected political bodies: Women made up only 11.6% of MPs in 176 parliaments in 1995 (IDEA 2002). Apparently universal franchise is inadequate to overcome structural constraints that impede female presence in political offices. Thus, despite their numerical strength, women are still a minority in respect to political power and positions occupied. Interestingly enough India is one of the countries where a women's quota of 33% was introduced at least at the local level. The same strategy for the State Assemblies and the National Parliament is still highly contested and the so-called "Women's Bill" failed thrice to be passed so far. At the same time, some readers might be astonished that India has realised a women's quota at all, since India is often portrayed as backward in regard to women's position in society. News on dowry deaths, widow burning, and the abortion of female foetuses still dominate the rather undifferentiated public image of India. Nevertheless, in 1992 the 73rd Amendment to the Indian Constitution laid down new rules for the establishment and design of rural local government (called Panchayati Raj). This Amendment also stipulates that at least 33% of the seats and positions have to be filled by women. Proponents of this measure believe that the quota for women will lead to their empowerment, whereas critics claim that those women will be mere "proxies" for influential males and will be mainly drawn from the elite. The opponents furthermore point out that women in rural India are not equipped for participating in politics, since they lack basic qualifications. Indeed, India's rural social structure can still be characterized as being predominantly patriarchal. Women face restricted mobility in the public space; yet, this differs with respect to caste, class, religion as well as age and family status. As already mentioned, treating women as a political group with common concerns provokes the question in how far gender actually transcends caste, class or ethnic affiliation. Which interests should the elected women represent - those of other women, of their caste, clan or religious community? How can rural women, who are initially without doubt less equipped for political office (lower formal education, less political experience, less public exposure etc.), overcome these inhibitions? And how do male colleagues, officials and the village communities react if they are forced to elect and deal with female representatives? In order to pay tribute to the contextual nature of empowerment this study was conducted in a single State of the Indian Union. Orissa was selected because it is in one of the most "backward" States in the Indian Union and thus presents an environment that is not very conducive for women's empowerment to begin with. If one can prove that empowerment happens in such a setting, it is fair to assume that it should definitely take place in a location which provides better conditions, like, e.g. in a State like Kerala. Therefore, the selection of a "worst-case scenario" permits to draw more general conclusions. A quantitative survey was conducted with 105 women and 80 men mainly at the gram panchayat and few at the panchayat samiti level during the first field trip in 1998/99. In the second round in 1999/2000, selected female representatives, male panchayat members, officials, villagers and women's groups were interviewed in intensive semi-structured interviews

A Compilation of the Property Differences of Ortho and Para Hydrogen or Mixtures of Ortho and Para Hydrogen

Chemical and physical properties of ortho and para hydrogen or mixtures of ortho and para hydroge

Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and thermopower of aerospace alloys from 4 to 300 K. 3: Annealed Inconel 718

Determination of thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, Lorentz ratio, and thermopower for annealed specimen of Inconel 718 at temperatures from 4 to 300

Fortran Package for Least Squares Curve Fitting and the Solution of Simultaneous Equations

Fortran subroutines for least squares curve fitting and solution of simultaneous equation

Standard reference materials: Thermal conductivity of electrolytic iron, SRM 734, from 4 to 300 K

Thermal conductivity data were obtained by the axial one-dimensional heat flow method for a cylindrical rod 3.6 mm in diameter and 23 cm long with an electric heater at one end and a temperature controlled sink at the other. Variability of this iron was studied by means of electrical residual resistivity ratio measurements on 63 specimens. This study showed that with a two-hour anneal at 1000 C one can obtain a thermal conductivity Standard Reference Material that has variability of less than 1% in thermal conductivity