The Credit Hour System As Adapted by the University of Gezira: Special Reference to Medical Faculties

The University of Gezira was established in 1975. The first Batch of students registered for their first semester in September 1978. There were four Faculties at that time: Agricultural Sciences, Economics & Rural Development, Medicine and Science & Technology (Presently Engineering & Technology). There were about 50 students in each Faculty. The teaching was in English. The pioneers opted for a modified American System rather than having a carbon copy of the University of Khartoum with its well established British System. They chose the Credit Hour System adapted to Sudanese environment

The Faculty of Medicine Struggle with the Credit Hour System

The Beginning 1978: When I Joined the University of Gezira in 1977, the total number of academic staff was less than ten, including the Vice Chancellor and the Deans of Faculties. There were only four faculties: Agricultural Sciences, Economics & Rural Development, Science & Technology (changed later to Engineering & Technology) and Health Sciences (changed to Medical Sciences and later to Medicine under pressure from students of Batch I).The Credit Hour System was introduced to us in 1978 as a feasible system with many advantages. Given the required resources, it allows students to complete the needed courses and accumulate the required credit hours for graduation, each according to his abilities. Some students can graduate in less than five years while others may need six or seven years to graduate. The University of Gezira adapte

HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR DEMAND RESPONSE PURPOSES

The growing demand for electricity has led to increasing efforts to generate and satisfy the rising demand. This led to suppliers attempting to reduce consumption with the help of the users. Requests to shift unnecessary loads off the peak hours, using other sources of generators to supply the grid while offering incentives to the users have made a significant effect. Furthermore, automated solutions were implemented with the help of Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) where the user can remotely manage household loads to reduce consumption or cost. Demand Response (DR) is the process of reducing power consumption in a response to demand signals generated by the utility based on many factors such as the Time of Use (ToU) prices. Automated HEMS use load scheduling techniques to control house appliances in response to DR signals. Scheduling can be purely user-dependent or fully automated with minimum effort from the user. This thesis presents a HEMS which automatically schedules appliances around the house to reduce the cost to the minimum. The main contributions in this thesis are the house controller model which models a variety of thermal loads in addition to two shiftable loads, and the optimizer which schedules the loads to reduce the cost depending on the DR signals. The controllers focus on the thermal loads since they have the biggest effect on the electricity bill, they also consider many factors ignored in similar models such as the physical properties of the room/medium, the outer temperatures, the comfort levels of the users, and the occupancy of the house during scheduling. The DR signal was the hourly electricity price; normally higher during the peak hours. Another main part of the thesis was studying multiple optimization algorithms and utilizing them to get the optimum scheduling. Results showed a maximum of 44% cost reduction using different metaheuristic optimization algorithms and different price and occupancy schemes

The Role of Zakat in Poverty Alleviation in Somalia "Analytical Study on Islamic Economics"

The Role of Zakat in Poverty Alleviation in Somalia “Analytical Study on Islamic Economics” Mr. Adam Ahmed Hussein Head department quality control, Mogadishu Universit

Contextually Aware Intelligent Control Agents for Heterogeneous Swarms

An emerging challenge in swarm shepherding research is to design effective and efficient artificial intelligence algorithms that maintain a low-computational ceiling while increasing the swarm's abilities to operate in diverse contexts. We propose a methodology to design a context-aware swarm-control intelligent agent. The intelligent control agent (shepherd) first uses swarm metrics to recognise the type of swarm it interacts with to then select a suitable parameterisation from its behavioural library for that particular swarm type. The design principle of our methodology is to increase the situation awareness (i.e. information contents) of the control agent without sacrificing the low-computational cost necessary for efficient swarm control. We demonstrate successful shepherding in both homogeneous and heterogeneous swarms.Comment: 37 pages, 3 figures, 11 table

Bibliometric analysis of Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine from 2008 to 2019

The purpose of the study is to assess the scientific research productions in Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine (APJTM) from its first issue up to Dec 2019. We used the Web of Science Core Collection (SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI) to extract the relevant documents. Additionally, the data analysis using ORIGIN PRO 2018, HistCite, bibliometrix R-package, and VOSviewer. Var1.6.6. A total of 2,137 publications of APJTM. A total of 2,136 documents were retrieved, with received 13956 citations, with an average mean 6.63 citations per article, an h-index of 38. The most frequently occurring keywords in this analysis were Malaria, dengue, apoptosis, antioxidant, rate, invasion and anopheles stephesi and inflammation. The study provided the comprehensive and general overview for APJTM journal over its history from the first issue up-to-date. Moreover, the findings provide an insight into the frequency of citations for top-cited articles published in APJTM as well as the quality of the works, journals, trends of publications steering in APJTM

Effect of Some Performance Indicators of Mathematics in the Nalerigu Senior High School

This study employed the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedure to examine the influence of students’ sex, age and course of study (department) on mathematics performance in Nalerigu Senior High School of the East Mampurisi district in the Northern of Ghana. The results showed that male students perform better on the average for all the mathematics performance indicators (understanding, knowledge and perception). The MANOVA analysis revealed that students performance in mathematics do not differ across sex (gender) and age group. The results however showed that there was significant difference in performance of mathematics across course of study (department). However, the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that there was no sex difference in understanding and knowledge of mathematics while significant differences exist in perception of mathematics among male and female students. Further, the study revealed a significant difference in students understanding and knowledge in mathematics and no bias in perception of mathematics among students age. The study therefore recommended that, the Ministry of Education, school managements and other stakeholders such as Non Governmental Organizations should sensitize students to discard beliefs and practices that prohibit effective participation of female students which result to poor performance in mathematics

Frustration Propagation in Tubular Foldable Mechanisms

Shell mechanisms are patterned surface-like structures with compliant deformation modes that allow them to change shape drastically. Examples include many origami and kirigami tessellations as well as other periodic truss mechanisms. The deployment paths of a shell mechanism are greatly constrained by the inextensibility of the constitutive material locally, and by the compatibility requirements of surface geometry globally. With notable exceptions (e.g., Miura-ori), the deployment of a shell mechanism often couples in-plane stretching and out-of-plane bending. Here, we investigate the repercussions of this kinematic coupling in the presence of geometric confinement, specifically in tubular states. We demonstrate that the confinement in the hoop direction leads to a frustration that propagates axially as if by buckling. We fully characterize this phenomenon in terms of amplitude, wavelength, and mode shape, in the asymptotic regime where the size of the unit cell of the mechanism~$r$ is small compared to the typical radius of curvature~$\rho$. In particular, we conclude that the amplitude and wavelength of the frustration are of order $\sqrt{r/\rho}$ and that the mode shape is an elastica solution. Derivations are carried out for a particular pyramidal truss mechanism. Findings are supported by numerical solutions of the exact kinematics.Comment: 7 figures, added figures and references, corrected typo

Perangkat Lunak Diagnosa Penyakit Pada Manusia Berbasis Sistem Pakar

Intisari — Kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting bagi manusia. Sistem pelayanan yang dimaksud disini akan membahas tentang sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Sistem pelayanan kesehatan seperti ini sebenarnya dapat diganti dengan sistem baru yang berbasiskan perangkat lunak asalkan diketahui pola kerja seorang dokter dalam mendiagnosa suatu penyakit. Sehingga sistem ini akan sangat mudah dijangkau oleh setiap orang dalam pengaksesannya dengan menggunakan metode sistem pakar. Sistem pakar ini dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Amzi Prolog dengan cara mengadopsi dasar teori yang digunakan seperti, tahap analisa, perancangan (desain), pengodean, pengujian, dan maintenance (pemeliharaan). Hasil pengujian sistem ini yang mengacu pada hasil user acceptance test dan functionality test dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa perangkat lunak (software) pada penggunaan sistem ini dapat dijalankan dengan baik dan berdasar tanggapan pengguna sistem ini dapat dijalankan dengan baik, selain sistem ini diperlukan oleh pengguna juga hasil yang diberikan oleh sistem ini sudah cukup akurat. Kata kunci — Bahasa Prolog (Program Logic), berbasis sistem pakar. Abstract — Health is the essential point for humans. Care system here is discussing about the health care system. A service system like this can be replaced by a new system which is based on software as long as the work patterns of a doctor are known in diagnosing a disease. So that this system will be easily accessible by everyone in accessing it using an expert system. This expert system created by using a programming language Amzi Prolog by adopting the basic theory such as, the analysis stage, the design, coding, testing, and maintenance. The test results of this system which refers to the results of user acceptance test and functionality test can be concluded that the software on the use of this system can be run properly and based on user’s opinion of this system can be run well, in addition to the system is required by the user also the results showed by this system is quite accurate. Keywords— Prologue language (Program Logic), based on expert system

Occurrence of Microorganisms in Treated Wastewater Effluent and Their Impact on the Surface and Groundwater Resources

Microorganisms are typically present in all media and they pose a greater threat to environmental sources and general health. The most significant part that has been affected by microorganisms is water since it plays a major role in all vital bodily functions. A sufficient water supply is a basic need for humanity. Yet, many nations around the world do not have access to safe and potable water, and many people die because of waterborne pathogens. For this reason, the immediate actions that many countries have adopted are the construction of water and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to reduce dangers related to these pathogens. Nevertheless, pathogens can escape when the processing of wastewater is not applied correctly. Therefore, pathogens can find their way into sludge, effluent, agricultural land, and ultimately water bodies. Considering all points mentioned above, this review briefly discusses the effects of microorganisms in water resources and displays dangers related to human health, and subsequently focuses on the survival and transport of microorganisms. Conventional and advanced processes for pathogen removal from wastewater are also discussed. Keywords:Water resources, WWTPs, microorganisms, wastewater, effluents, human health, surviving, transport. DOI: 10.7176/CER/14-5-02 Publication date:August 31st 202