Improve The Performance of K-means by using Genetic Algorithm for Classification Heart Attack

In this research the k-means method was used for classification purposes after it was improved using genetic algorithms. An automated classification system for heart attack was implemented based on the intelligent recruitment of computer capabilities at the same time characterized by high performance based on (270) real cases stored within a globally database known (Statlog). The proposed system aims to support the efforts of staff in medical felid to reduce the diagnostic errors committed by doctors who do not have sufficient experience or because of the fatigue that the doctor suffers as a result of work pressure. The proposed system goes through two stages: in the first-stage genetic algorithm is used to select important features that have a strong influence in the classification process. These features forms the inputs to the K-means method in the second-stage which uses the selected features to divide the database into two groups one of them contain cases infected with the disease while the other group contains the correct cases depending on the distance Euclidean. The comparison of performance for the method (K-means) before and after addition genetic algorithm shows that the accuracy of the classification improves remarkably where the accuracy of classification was raised from (68..1481) in the case of use (k- means only) to (84.741) when improved the method by using genetic algorithm

Review on Common Steganography Techniques

تحرص الجهات المختلفة على الحفاظ على سرية معلوماتها وحمايتها من الأطراف المتنافسة أو المعادية التي حرصت أيضًا على الوصول إلى تلك المعلومات بكافة الوسائل المتاحة. بما أن تشفير المعلومات ينكشف لأنه ينتج نصوصًا غير مفهومة تثير الشك، يميل البعض إلى العمل بطريقة تزيل الشكوك عن طريق إخفاء المعلومات في وسيط مثل النص أو الصورة بحيث يبدو ما يتم إرساله وتداوله طبيعيًا وخاليًا من العلامات أو رموز غير مفهومة كما لو لم يتم تحميلها بأي معلومات إضافية. هذا البحث يقدم مراجعة للتقنيات المستخدمة لإخفاء البيانات في الصور باعتبارها واحدة من أكثر تقنيات الإخفاء شيوعًا.Various authorities are keen to preserve the confidentiality of their information and protect it from competing or hostile parties who were also keen to access that information by all available means. Since the encryption of information is exposed as it produces incomprehensible texts that arouse suspicion, some tend to work in a way that removes suspicions by hiding the information in a medium like text or picture so that what is sent and circulated appears natural and free of signs or incomprehensible symbols as if not loaded with any additional information. This paper introduces a review the techniques used to hide data in images as one of the most common concealment techniques

Key Generation for Vigenere Ciphering Based on Genetic Algorithm

Cryptography is a science securing of information. Encryption requires impregnable keys to encrypt or decrypt data these keys should be unpredictable and not easily to break. In this research we use genetic algorithm to generate keys for vigenere cipher. The best key is used to perform encryption. The keys created by genetic algorithm are tested for randomness by using the entropy test. The entropy calculation shows that randomness of key generated based on genetic processing is better than chosen key in the classical vigenere cipher

A new method for watermarking color images using virtual hiding and El-Gamal ciphering

One of the important issues in the era of computer networks and multimedia technology development is to find ways to maintain the reliability, credibility, copyright and non-duplication of digital content transmitted over the internet. For the purpose of protecting images from illegal usage, a watermark is used. A hidden digital watermark is the process of concealing information on a host to prove that this image is owned by a specific person or organization. In this paper, a new method has been proposed to use an RGB logo to protect color images from unlicensed trading. The method depends on retrieving logo data from specific locations in the host to form a logo when the owner claims the rights to those images. These positions are chosen because their pixels match the logo data. The locations of matching pixels are stored in a table that goes through two stages of treatment to ensure confidentiality: First, table compression, second, encoding positions in the compressed table through El-Gamal algorithm. Because the method depends on the idea of keeping host pixels without change, PSNR will always be infinity. After subjecting the host to five types of attack, the results demonstrate that the method can effectively protect the image and hidden logo is retrieved clearly even after the attacks

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely