The effects of social marketing techniques on attitudes and knowledge of health scholars of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan

The Purpose of the study is to examine the effect of Social Marketing Techniques on the Knowledge and Attitude of health scholars at the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan. Quantitative study methods to use for analysis. The study population includes all students and faculty members of the Liaquat University Hospital, and the simple random sampling technique was used. Primary data collected through an adapted questionnaire. SPSS 20 software were used to analyze the tests like; validity and reliability, Cronbach\u27s alpha, descriptive and inferential statistics paired t-test and test. Result of validity and reliability was 0.82 and 0.92. Social marketing intervention has significantly increased on the average knowledge and attitude of the target population. The change of awareness in the dimension of accessibility (3.3), cost of participation, and communication also increased significantly. The lack of awareness about the role of medical library services leads to reduced. Social marketing is an appropriate way of information to users regarding services and resources creates a positive attitude among the health communities. According to the libraries\u27 social role, social marketing is an appropriate way to inform library users and helps to create a positive attitude among the country\u27s health community

ROLE OF CAI ON THE INTEREST AND RETENTION OF STUDENTS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL

ABSTRAC

An assessment of the Class-room Management Skills of Departmental Promotee among the Online &PSC Selectee Secondary School Science Teachers in District Dera Ismail Khan

The study in hand was conducted to compare the management skills of Departmental Promotee, Online and PSC Selectee Secondary School Science Teachers (SSSTs) in District Dera Ismail Khan. The major objective of the study was to assess the classroom management skills of Departmental Promotee, Online and Public Service Commission selectee Secondary School Science Teachers. The gender and location as demographic variables were also investigated.All the male and female of 9th class science students and Secondary School Science Teachers (SSSTs) working at GHS &GHSS of district DIKhan constitute the population of study. A sample of 25 Promotee, 25 online and 25 PSC selectee SSSTs was taken. Only those schools were selected in the sample where all three types of SSSTs were working simultaneously. 04 students for each promotee, Online and PSC selectee SSST were selected by random sampling technique. In order to get the opinion of the students about the performance of their science teachers, 5-point Likert rating scale was developed. TheCronbasch alpha reliability of the scale was0.86. In order to compare the significance difference between the means of three groups of Science Teachers, ANOVA and Tukey Test were used as statistical technique. The mean difference between male and female, rural and urban was analyzed by using the t-test. The result shows that the management skill of Departmental Promote Secondary School Science Teachers was better than the Online and public service commission selectee teachers. The results further show that there was no significant difference between the management skills of male and female and rural and urban SST’s. Keywords:Class-Room Management Skills, Departmental Promotees, Online & PSC Selectee Secondary School Science Teachers, Dera Ismail Kha

Single dose Dexamethasone versus multi-dose Prednisolone in prevention of exacerbation and relapse in Asthmatic children; A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Introduction: Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. The first line of treatment in the management of acute asthma is inhaled beta 2 agonists (salbutamol). This study is design to determine the effectiveness of i/v dexamethasone compared to oral prednisolone in asthmatic children in preventing exacerbation and relapse. It may be more helpful in improving the quality of life of asthmatic children being a better convenient treatment modality. Aim: to compare the frequency of relapse of asthma with dexamethasone and prednisolone in treatment of asthma exacerbations in children. Subject and Methods: this is a randomized controlled trial conducted atICU of Paediatric Department, Holy Family Hospital from 16th March 2016 to 15th September 2016.468 patients with an asthma exacerbation were selected in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. A total 234 patients in group A were treated with single IV dose Dexamethasone and 234 in group B was treated with oral prednisolone. Baseline characteristics of children were recorded in the structured proforma along with the signs and symptoms assessed through history, physical examination and PRAM Scoring. After treatment and assessment, the patients were discharged on day 5 and they were called back by the end of 2 weeks for final follow up visit. In case of any relapse they were clearly instructed to immediately return to hospital that was recorded. Results: The average age of the children 3.31±0.97 years. There were 173(37%) female and 295(63%) male. Rate of relapse was significantly low in group A as compare to group B (9.8% vs. 17.9% p=0.011). Conclusion: it is concluded that dexamethasone is an effective alternative to prednisone in the treatment of moderate acute asthma exacerbations in children, with the added benefits of improved compliance and cost

Web OPAC services and barriers users’ face while searching information in public and private sector university libraries in Pakistan

This research aimed to investigate the current status and online services portfolio of web OPACs and barriers users’ face while searching information on web OPACs of public and private sector university libraries in Lahore. The inquirer adopted quantitative survey method and distributed self administrated (peer reviewed and pilot test) questionnaire among 425 library users who were selected using stratified convenient sampling technique. This study illustrated various types of service being offer and uncovered number of barriers and redundancies that users’ of public and private sector university libraries face while searching information remotely on web OPACs. This research study would benefit library administrators and web OPAC designers in the make web OPACs more effective

The Impacts of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment: A Survey of Teachers in Gomal University, D. I. Khan (KPK) Pakistan

The present study focuses on the impact of job satisfaction on organizational commitment. This study is a struggle in line with the researcher of the world which focus on the different predictors such as work, pay, supervision, promotion, co-worker and work-environment and their effect on the organizational commitment and overall satisfaction of teachers in Gomal university dera Ismail khan. The main objectives of the study were to explore the levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the employees of a public sector organization (Gomal University, DIK) with a view to analyze the impacts of employees’ satisfaction on their commitment to their work. The research hypotheses that the Independents are highly correlated with Overall Satisfaction & Organizational Commitment, the Predictors Determine Overall Satisfaction (OS) and the Predictors Explain the Organizational Commitment (OC) were tested. The population of this study consists of all the Academicians in Gomal University, DIK, and K.P.K. A sample of 124 respondents was selected using stratified sampling from the groups of professors, associate professors, assistant professors and lecturers. The regression was used for data analysis. The result shows that the correlation between the predictors (work, pay, supervision, promotion, coworker, work environment & overall satisfaction) and criterion variables (Overall Satisfaction & Organizational Commitment) are highly significant and the Predictors Determine Overall Satisfaction (OS) and also the Predictors Explain the Organizational Commitment

Leaf rot caused by Rhizopus oryzae on pak choy (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) in China

Pak choy (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis L.) is the major vegetable crop cultivated in China. During December 2017, leaf rot was frequently observed on leaves of pak choy in greenhouses of Shanghai, China. Diseased leaf samples were plated onto acidified potato dextrose agar and fungal cultures were isolated and identified as Rhizopus oryzae, based on morphological features and molecular identification. Definitive identification as R. oryzae was based on the comparative molecular analysis of rRNA gene sequences. Blast analysis revealed 99% similarity with R. oryzae. Pathogenicity was determined by inoculating healthy pak choy leaves and plants with hyphal suspensions of R. oryzae. The fungus was re-isolated from developing similar lesions on the inoculated plants and identified as similar to the inoculated fungus, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of fungal leaf rot caused by R. oryzae on pak choy in China

The frequency of left atrial thrombus on transthoracic echocardiogram in patients with mitral stenosis

Background: Patients with mitral stenosis (MS) are more prone to develop left atrial (LA) thrombus. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of LA thrombus on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patients with MS.Methods: In this study, we included patients diagnosed with MS undergoing TTE at the echocardiography department of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Karachi, Pakistan. The severity of MS was classified based on the mitral valve area (MVA) as follows: very severe: MVA of ≤1.0 cm2; severe: MVA of ≤1.5 cm2; and mild to moderate: MVA of \u3e1.5 cm2. The LA thrombus was observed and noted on TTE.Results: A total of 256 MS patients were included in this study, out of which 46.5% (119) were male. The mean age was 33.78 ±11.51 years. MS was classified as mild to moderate in 3.5% of the patients, severe in 54.3%, and very severe in 42.2%. In 98.8% of the patients, the etiology of MS was rheumatic. LA thrombus was observed in 25% (64) of the patients and LA smoke was observed in 12.1% (31). Among other findings, mitral regurgitation (MR) was observed in 17.2% of the patients, aortic regurgitation (AR) in 5.1%, aortic stenosis (AS) in 4.7%, and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in 48.8%. Five (2%) patients had atrial septal defect (ASD), 17.3% had left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, 15.2% had right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and vegetation was seen in 11.8% of the patients. Patients with LA thrombus were found to be associated with the following conditions on a higher scale compared to those without: decreased ejection fraction (EF) (52 ±8.5% vs. 54.94 ±6.6%; p: 0.011); RV dysfunction (39.1% vs. 7.3%; p: Conclusion: LA thrombus on TTE was detected in a significant number (25%) of patients with MS. It was also found to be strongly associated with the severity of the disease, reduced EF, RV dysfunction, and the presence of associated value pathologies

Air quality assessment along China-Pakistan economic corridor at the confluence of Himalaya-Karakoram-Hindukush

Recently, analyses of the air quality in Pakistan have received significant interest, especially regarding the impact of air pollutant concentrations on human health. The Atlas of Baseline Environmental Profiling along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) at five locations in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) is a major landmark in this regard due to the presence of massive glaciers in the region, which are considered as water reserves for the country. Using various statistical measurements, the air quality was analyzed at the studied geographic locations. Further, air quality was evaluated based on air pollutant data acquired from ambient air monitoring laboratories. For example, 24 h concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) were found to range from 25.4 to 60.1 µg/m3, with peaks in the winter season at Gilgit. It was found that PM2.5 values were 1.7 and 1.3 times greater than National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) standards only at Gilgit and Chilas, respectively, and 1.5 to 4 times greater than the World Health Organization (WHO) standards at all locations. Similarly, PM2.5 concentrations were found to range from 31.4 to 63.9 µg/m3, peaking at Chilas in summer 2020. The observed values were 1.1 to 1.8 times and 2 to 4.2 times greater than the NEQS and WHO standards, respectively, at all locations. In addition, the average peaks of black carbon (BC) were measured at Gilgit, both in winter (16.21 µg/m3) and summer (7.83 µg/m3). These elevated levels could be attributed to the use of heavy diesel vehicles, various road activities and different meteorological conditions. Pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and ozone (O3) were found to be within NEQS and WHO limits. Based on air quality metrics, the effect of PM2.5 on air quality was found to be moderate in Sost, Hunza and Jaglot, while it was at unhealthy levels at Gilgit and Chilas in the winter of 2019; moderate levels were observed at Sost while unhealthy levels were detected at the remaining locations in the summer of 2020. There are no specific guidelines for BC. However, it is associated with PM2.5, which was found to be a major pollutant at all locations. The concentrations of CO, SO2 and O3 were found to be at safe levels at all locations. The major fraction of air masses is received either locally or from transboundary emissions. This study demonstrates that PM2.5 and BC are the major and prevailing air pollutants within the study region, while other air pollutants were found to be within the permissible limits of the WHO and NEQS