Effect of sunlight and artificial light on micropropagation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets

Fluorescent lamps (artificial light) and sunlight were used as lighting source in present study to identify feasibility of using sunlight in plant tissue culture laboratory. In vitro regenerated nodal segments of the cardinal variety of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were inoculated in MS medium without any growth regulator for shoot and root development. After 30 days of culture in an average temperature at 21.94±0.21°C, relative humidity 39.35±0.75%, various morphological responses i.e. plantlet height, diameter of plantlet, number of nodes per plantlet, inter node distance, number of leaves per plantlet, fresh and dry weight of plantlets , number of root, length of root, growth rate etc. were recorded. The average light intensity at sunlight and artificial treatment was observed at 4805.5±326.54 lux and 3484±84.44 lux, respectively. All the growth factors performed better result in sunlight treatment than those of artificial one except average number of nodes and leaves. The average height of plantlet at sunlight was 53.33±3.32 mm which was greater than that of artificial light 51.67±2.15 mm. Fresh weight and dry weight are two important morphological factors for plantlet and in case of fresh weight that was always greater 0.49±0.097 in sunlighted plantlet and 0.21±0.026 in artificial one.  In case of dry weight the average weight 0.08±0.016 was greater in sunlighted plantlet than that of 0.03±0.004 in artificial one. Number of roots, root length and growth rate of the plantlets observed higher in sunlighted plantlets compared to artificial light. Moreover, the sunlighted plantlets were healthier, vigorous and strong which helped plants to establish in net house easily. Considering the cost of electricity consumption, from a laboratory area of 20.47 m2 BD Taka 63% could be saved in each month by using sunlight. As low cost options of energy saving in tissue culture laboratory using sunlight would be feasible and environmentally friendly technology for commercial point of view in Bangladesh

Regulasi Diri Mahasiswa Berprestasi

Self-regulation is long understood as a significant factor that influences student\u27s academicachievement. Self-regulation refers to self-generated thoughts, feelings, and actions that areplanned and cyclically adapted to the attainment of personal goals (Zimmerman, 2000). High-achieving university students are assumed to regulate themselves to achieve high score inacademic task and to maintain extracurricular activities harmoniously. This study is purposed to understand the process of self-regulation of high-achievinguniversity student. Participant of this study is two university students that won title“Mahasiswa Berprestasi” through annual competition “Pemilihan Mahasiswa Berprestasi” inIndonesia. Using transcendental phenomenological analysis method (Moustakas, 1994) ofdata from the participants, the author identifies 12 general themes of self-regulation,synthesizes them into a textural-structural synthesis, and develops essences of the experience.The participants regulated themselves to gain achievement in many areas of life. The findings show self-regulation as having effort to attain personal goal and to fulfill social expectation of being succesful and beneficial person, holistically. The process of self-regulation occurs in interreliant relationship with others by which having good social relationship is its important part dan dependant relationship toward God as believed that God is The Determiner over everything including human\u27s effort successfulness or failure. Motivated by the desire of having good life in the present and future and avoiding bad luck of being a loser and therefore, harming other people life, the process is never ending. The cycle is always renewed along with the appearance of new tasks, responsibilities, targets and goals in one\u27s life

Pengaruh Model Kooperatif Tipe Tgt Berbantuan Multimedia Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Mts

This research was aimed to investigate the influence of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative model assisted with mutimedia toward students\u27 study achievement on household chemistry material in VIII class of MTs Negeri Siantan. Research form was quasi-experimental research with non-equivalent control group design. Samples of the research were selected by random sampling technique with VIII A as experiment class and VIII C as control class. Data collection tools used study achievement test in essay form. The result of data analysis using U-Mann Whitney test showed the differences of learning outcome between students of students of experimental class and control class that were taught by using Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative model assisted with multimedia and students who learned with conventional model, gave moderate influence toward students\u27 study achievement with the effect size of 0.73 and the percentage of students\u27 study achievement improvement from Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative model assisted with multimedia by the amount of 26.73%

Regulasi Diri Mahasiswa Berprestasi

Self-regulation is considered as one of the success key for students. Self-regulation process involves one's activities to produce thoughts, feelings, and actions, to plan and continuously to adapt in order to achieve the targeted goals. This study aims to describe the experiences of best students in self-regulating themselves, particularly in improving their achievement as a student as endorsed by the university. Two students who won the Best Students Competition held by a university had participated in this study. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used in this study. Data was collected using interview and subsequently were analyzed using the transcendental phenomenological method. The study focused on finding meaning and understanding the selfregulatory process of students in pursuing their academic achievement. The findings showed that self-regulation was defined as having an integrated thoughts, feelings, and actions, continuously, and targeted in pursuing the achievement. Self-regulation was a process in guiding self towards a holistic person, academically (to be a best student), socially (to be a good child as well as a good sister), and existentially (to be a useful person)

Analisis Kandungan Logam Timbal, Kadmium dan Merkuri dalam Produk Jamu Pegal Linu yang Beredar di Kota Pekanbaru

Jamu is one of traditional medicine that is still consumed today. The content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in jamu product is very dangerous to humans, because it can cause health problems such as liver and kidney excreation. The aim of this research was to analyzed the content of lead, cadmium and mercury in the jamu pegal linu product. Six sample products of jamu pegal linu were purchased randomly in traditional Pekanbaru markets to be analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer with wet digestion process. The result showed that the content of Pb and Hg in the samples were exceeded the limit of BPOM RI, whereas Cd metal was found below the limit that allowed by BPOM RI

Enhancing Cognitive Function of Healthy Wistar Rats with Aqueous Extract of Centella Asiatica

Background: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb is a native herb from Asian countries such as India, China, and Indonesia. This herb has been widely used as a cure for various diseases. However, studies investigating the aqueous extract of Centella asiatica as a nootropic in healthy individuals are still very limited.Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential of aqueous extract of Centella asiatica in enhancing cognitive function of healthy male Wistar rats.Methods: Rats were randomly allocated to four treatment groups, i.e. without treatment and aqueous Centella asiatica extract at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. To determine enhancement of cognitive function, novel object recognition (NOR) test was conducted after the course of treatment. Acetylcholine content was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: There was a significantly high preference index towards the novel object in the NOR test in groups treated with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of the aqueous extract compared to control. This was further confirmed by a significant increase of brain acetylcholine content in rats treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract.Conclusion: Therefore, this study confirms that the aqueous extract is effective in enhancing cognitive performance of healthy Wistar rats

Organophospahte pesticide mixture exposure: the relationship with the motor coordination of children from paddy farming area in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia

Paddy cultivation is one of the widely planted crop in Malaysia. The growth of agricultural activity leads to the use of Organophosphate pesticide to protect the crop. This study is to determine the relationship between the levels of blood cholinesterase with the performance of motor coordination of children living in paddy farming area in Tanjung Karang, Selangor. This cross sectional study was conducted among 683 children from four schools in an agricultural area. Majority of the children have at a family member worked as farmer and was involved with pesticides. A set of questionnaire on the was given to the children to be filled by their parents. To measure their exposure to pesticide, blood cholinesterase levels were measured. Blood samples were taken through finger prick technique and were then analysed using LOVIBOND 412870 AF287. The children were administered with motor-coordination performance test using WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery and McCarthy Learning Ability Scale. Young group children (6-85 years) showed a mean score of 56.66 in motor-coordination test while older group children (10-11)= years) scored a mean of 45.37. There was a significant relationship between blood cholinesterase level and motor coordination performance among the young-group children (r=0.215, p<0.001) and the older-group children (r=0.106, p=0.049). Based on the Linear Regression test results, total household income of family, and mode of transport used were found to have significant relationship with blood cholinesterase level of children in both groups. In addition, blood cholinesterase level and mothers’ occupation were found to have significant relationship with the motor-coordination performance of all children

Geoarchaeology and Heritage Management:Identifying and Quantifying Multi-Scalar Erosional Processes at Kisese II Rockshelter, Tanzania

Natural and anthropogenically induced soil erosion can cause serious loss of the archaeological record. Our work shows the value of multi-scalar geoarchaeological study when excavating and re-excavating rockshelters in a highly dynamic sedimentary environment where erosion is prominent. Here we present our work on Kisese II rockshelter, Tanzania, originally excavated in the 1950s and largely unpublished, that preserves an important Pleistocene-Holocene archaeological record integral to understanding the deep history of the Kondoa Rock-Art World Heritage Center. Unlike rockshelters in quiescent tectonic settings, like much of central Europe or South Africa, Kisese II exists in highly dynamic sedimentary environments associated with the active tectonics of the Great Rift Valley system exacerbated by human-induced environmental and climate change. We report on our 2017 and 2019 exploratory research that includes integrated regional-, landscape-, and site-scale geoarchaeological analyses of past and present sedimentary regimes and micromorphological analyses of the archaeological sediments. Historical records and aerial photographs document extensive changes in vegetation cover and erosional regimes since the 1920s, with drastic changes quantified between 1960 and 2019. Field survey points to an increased erosion rate between 2017 and 2019. To serve future archaeologists, heritage specialists, and local populations we combine our data in a geoarchaeological catena that includes soil, vegetation, fauna, and anthropogenic features on the landscape. At the site, micromorphological coupled with chronological analyses demonstrate the preservation of in situ Pleistocene deposits. Comparison of photographs from the 1956 and 2019 excavations show a maximum sediment loss of 68 cm in 63 years or >10% of >6-m-thick sedimentary deposit. In the studied area of the rockshelter we estimate ∼1 cm/yr of erosion, suggesting the ongoing removal of much of the higher archaeological sediments which, based on the coarse stratigraphic controls and chronology of the original Inskeep excavations, would suggest the loss of much of the archaeological record of the last ∼4000 years. These multi-scalar data are essential for the construction of appropriate mitigation strategies and further study of the remaining stratigraph

Application of yeasts isolated from fermented cocoa beans for biocontrol of pathogenic mold in chocolate fruit

Contamination by pathogenic mold in postharvest cocoa beans becomes a significant concern by most Indonesian farmers. Pathogenic mold can cause damage to cocoa beans by such as rotting diseases in fruit. One alternative that can be used to control pathogenic mold is using biological agents such as yeasts. Some group of yeasts can produce cellulase enzyme that can degrade cellulose, and it can possibly break the cell wall with of mold which composed of semi-crystalline chitin, p-need, and cellulose. This study aims to determine the yeast originated from fermented cocoa beans which can produce cellulase enzymes and their potential ability as a biocontrol for pathogenic molds in chocolate fruit. This study includes yeast isolation from fermented beans, screening of yeast isolates that produce cellulase enzymes, and in-vitro antagonistic testing against pathogenic molds on chocolate fruit. The results showed that there were 21 yeast isolates from fermented cocoa beans, and among all, there were five isolates which can produce cellulase enzymes, namely isolate C4.-3.3, C4.-3.13, C4.-4.9, C4.-4.10, and C4.-5.9. Yeast isolate C4.-4.10 can produce cellulase enzymes with an index of 0.32 U/mL. This research showed that the 5 yeast isolates have the low category of cellulase enzyme, and further study is needed to be done to confirm their ability to act as a biocontrol agent