Design and development of ECG simulator

Actualmente, uno de los retos de la ingeniería biomédica es ofrecer recursos para garantizar la calidad de vida de la población global, especialmente en los países que se encuentran en vías de exclusión y pobreza. Esta ingeniería recoge aspectos de la mayoría de las ciencias con el objetivo de ayudar a la mejora de la persona. En este entorno tan amplio, se encuadra este trabajo, que tiene como propósito el diseño y montaje de un simulador de electrocardiograma (ECG), que genere las principales formas de onda registradas en la actividad eléctrica del corazón. Se trata de un trabajo multidisciplinar, en el que abarcaremos diferentes ciencias, desde los fundamentos del corazón y su influencia directa en el ECG, como el desarrollo y montaje de circuitos electrónicos, y programación en distintos lenguajes. Este simulador será diseñado para fines académicos por lo general, con el que se pretende mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de medicina, pudiendo ser accesible a la mayoría de las personas, debido a su bajo coste en oposición al elevado precio de estos dispositivos en el mercado. Para el desarrollo de éste, se utiliza materiales y programas de código abierto y de fácil adquisición. Cabe destacar, que como base principal del simulador, se emplea el microcontrolador ATMega328P, integrado en la placa Adafruit Menta, el cual se encarga de gestionar el funcionamiento de todo el circuito

A Service for Flexible Management and Analysis of Heterogeneous Clinical Data

Este documento describe FIMED 2.0, un servicio para la gestión flexible y análisis de datos clínicos heterogéneos. Esta herramienta de software permite la gestión flexible de datos clínicos de múltiples ensayos, lo que puede ayudar a mejorar la calidad de los datos clínicos y facilitar los ensayos clínicos. El servicio propuesto se ha desarrollado sobre una base de datos NoSQL (MongoDB) que permite recoger e integrar los datos clínicos en esquemas dinámicos e incrementales en función de sus necesidades y de los requisitos de la investigación clínica. requisitos de la investigación clínica. Basándonos en nuestras experiencias con la Gestión Flexible de Datos Biomédicos (FIMED), hemos desarrollado esta nueva versión de la herramienta con el objetivo no sólo de replicar la anterior, sino también de incluir más análisis de redes reguladoras de genes y visualización de datos orientados a anotar la funcionalidad de los genes e identificar los genes centrales. Esta versión permite Esta versión permite al profesional utilizar cuatro métodos diferentes de construcción de redes, como como la asimilación de datos, la interpolación lineal, el conjunto basado en árboles o la regresión Boosting Machine. Puede encontrar una versión gratuita de esta herramienta en la web https://khaos.uma.es/fimedV2. Se ha creado una cuenta de usuario de demostración para proporcionar una demostración de usuario, "iwbbio", utilizando la contraseña "demo". Un caso de uso real para un ensayo clínico en la enfermedad del melanoma también se incluye en esta demostración, que sí ha sido anonimizada.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

LA INSTRUCCIÓN PROGRAMADA REMOTA Y EL TUTORIAL COMO ESTRATEGIAS EN EL PROCESO DE APRENDIZAJE PARA EL DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS MATEMÁTICAS.

The objective of the research is to determine the importance in the use of the remote programmed instruction and the tutorial as strategies in the learning process for the development of mathematical competences in students of the middle school of Educational Institutions of the District of Barranquilla, Colombia. Given the current situation of remote education caused by the pandemic Sars Cov 2 virus, known as Corona Virus, Covid 19, has had an impact on the fabric of human reality on a planetary level, especially because of the health conditions of communities at the local, regional, national and global levels, educational institutions as social organizations have thus migrated to a form of virtual study. In this sense, the role that the school plays in this current context, its teachers and parents have been decisive to face this formation from the home, where the technologies are the tools that allow to establish the direct connection with the students. Methodologically, the research was descriptive – Field, with a non-experimental, transactional design, with descriptive and inferential analysis. The population consisted of 140 eleventh-grade students. It was found that the eleventh grade students stood out in the high category, when it comes to using technological tools using the Remote Programmed Instruction (IPR) and the tutorial on solving mathematical problems. It is concluded that the use of technologies under the virtual remote modality promotes favorable results in the training of students. It is recommended to establish a curriculum and content in the area of mathematics adapted to learning strategies through remote programmed teaching.El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la importancia en el uso de la instrucción programada remota y del tutorial como estrategias en el proceso de aprendizaje para el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas en estudiantes de la media de Instituciones Educativas del Distrito de Barranquilla, Colombia. Dada la situación actual de una educación a distancia remota provocada por la pandemia del virus Sars Cov 2, conocido como Corona Virus, Covid 19, ha tenido un impacto en el tejido de la realidad humana a nivel planetario, sobre todo por las condiciones sanitarias que presentan las comunidades a nivel local, regional, nacional y mundial, en consecuencia, las instituciones educativas como organizaciones sociales han emigrado en estos tiempos a una modalidad de estudio virtual. En ese sentido, el papel que juega la escuela en este contexto actual, sus docentes y padres de familia ha sido determinante para enfrentar esta formación desde el hogar, donde las tecnologías son las herramientas que permiten establecer la conexión directa con los estudiantes. Metodológicamente, la investigación fue descriptiva – De campo, con un diseño no experimental, transaccional, con un análisis descriptivo e inferencial. La población estuvo constituida por 140 estudiantes de undécimo grado. Se encontró que los estudiantes de undécimo grado se destacaron en la categoría alta, cuando se trata de utilizar herramientas tecnológicas valiéndose de la Instrucción Programada Remota (IPR) y el tutorial en la resolución de problemas matemáticos. Se concluye que el empleo de las tecnologías bajo la modalidad remota virtual promueve resultados favorables en la formación del estudiantado. Se recomienda establecer un currículo y contenidos en el área de matemáticas ajustados a las estrategias de aprendizaje mediante la enseñanza programada remota

Formulação tridimensional de volumes finitos para simulação de reservatórios de petróleo com malhas não-estruturadas híbridas

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2011A simulação numérica é uma das ferramentas mais poderosas que auxiliam a tomada de decisões nos processos de produção de reservatórios de petróleo. Entretanto, atualmente há uma defasagem entre a qualidade da descrição física e geométrica dos reservatórios disponível e a capacidade dos métodos numéricos empregados para resolver os modelos de escoamento multifásico nos simuladores comerciais. O grande desafio é incorporar essa informação detalhada em modelos numéricos de modo a incrementar a precisão e a confiabilidade das simulações obtidas. Uma das alternativas para tanto, analisada neste trabalho, é a utilização de malhas não-estruturadas híbridas como base geométrica para a discretização das equações que modelam o escoamento nos reservatórios. As malhas tridimensionais consideradas podem estar formadas, no caso mais geral, por quatro tipos de elementos: tetraedros, hexaedros, prismas e pirâmides. Uma vez que cada um desses tipos de elementos se adapta melhor à discretização de determinados tipos de geometrias, a possibilidade de utilizá-los do modo unificado em uma mesma formulação confere a ela um alto grau de flexibilidade geométrica. O método de volumes finitos baseado em elementos é considerado neste trabalho para a discretização das equações diferenciais que descrevem o escoamento multifásico nos reservatórios. Uma das principais características do método, de importância fundamental na simulação de reservatórios, é a conservação estrita das grandezas físicas no nível discreto. Mediante experimentos numéricos empregando a formulação apresentada, diversas características da metodologia são avaliadas neste trabalho

On the Use of Explainable Artificial Intelligence for the Differential Diagnosis of Pigmented Skin Lesions

En los últimos años, la Inteligencia Artificial Explicable (XAI) ha atraído la atención en la analítica de datos, ya que muestra un gran potencial en la interpretación de los resultados de complejos modelos de aprendizaje automático en la aplicación de problemas médicos. Se trata de que el resultado de las aplicaciones basadas en el aprendizaje automático deben ser comprendidos por los usuarios finales, especialmente en el contexto de los datos médicos, donde las decisiones deben tomarse cuidadosamente. decisiones. Como tal, se han realizado muchos esfuerzos para explicar el resultado de un modelo complejo de aprendizaje profundo en procesos de reconocimiento y clasificación de y clasificación de imágenes, como en el caso del cáncer de melanoma. Este representa un primer intento (hasta donde sabemos) de investigar experimental y técnicamente la explicabilidad de los métodos modernos de XAI modernos de XAI: explicaciones de modelos de diagnóstico interpretables locales (LIME) y Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), en términos de reproducibilidad de resultados y el tiempo de ejecución en un conjunto de datos de clasificación de imágenes de melanoma. Este artículo muestra que los métodos XAI proporcionan ventajas en la interpretación de los resultados del modelo en la clasificación de imágenes de melanoma. interpretación de los resultados del modelo en la clasificación de imágenes de melanoma. Concretamente, LIME se comporta mejor que el explicador de gradiente SHAP en términos de reproducibilidad y tiempo de ejecución.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

FIMED: Flexible management of biomedical data

In the last decade, clinical trial management systems have become an essential support tool for data management and analysis in clinical research. However, these clinical tools have design limitations, since they are currently not able to cover the needs of adaptation to the continuous changes in the practice of the trials due to the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the clinical research data. These systems are usually proprietary solutions provided by vendors for specific tasks. In this work, we propose FIMED, a software solution for the flexible management of clinical data from multiple trials, moving towards personalized medicine, which can contribute positively by improving clinical researchers quality and ease in clinical trials. This tool allows a dynamic and incremental design of patients’ profiles in the context of clinical trials, providing a flexible user interface that hides the complexity of using databases. Clinical researchers will be able to define personalized data schemas according to their needs and clinical study specifications. Thus, FIMED allows the incorporation of separate clinical data analysis from multiple trials. The efficiency of the software has been demonstrated by a real-world use case for a clinical assay in Melanoma disease, which has been indeed anonymized to provide a user demonstration. FIMED currently provides three data analysis and visualization components, guaranteeing a clinical exploration for gene expression data: heatmap visualization, clusterheatmap visualization, as well as gene regulatory network inference and visualization. An instance of this tool is freely available on the web at https://khaos.uma.es/fimed. It can be accessed with a demo user account, «researcher», using the password «demo». Category: COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS. Ranking: 13/110. Journal: COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE. Year: 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106496.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A saúde no contexto do polo gesseiro de Araripina-Pernambuco, Brasil

The socio-environmental deterioration process of the gypsum production area of the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, must be better known. We aimed at investigating the epidemiological factors that coexist with people's health. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out between 2001 and 2003 by means of the administration of a closed questionnaire in the district of Morais, municipality of Araripina, considered as one of the main production areas of gypsum and artifacts. A random sample was extracted from the 2,486 inhabitants, and a 5% error was considered acceptable for the Confidence Interval of Katz of 95%. Four hundred and sixty-two people were interviewed and the most common health problems mentioned by them were: itching eyes (42.92%), bleeding nose (37.39%), coughing (28.26%), fatigue (21.73%), itching skin (18.48%), shortness of breath (16.26%) and history of former breathing diseases (16.34%), all statistically significant. In general, children (1 to 9 years old) and elderly people (>; 60 years old) reported more breathing symptoms. Gypsum dust inside the houses proved to be an important qualitative indicator to evaluate the impact over people's health. In those houses, the presence of dust prevailed more concerning complaints about itching eyes (PR = 1.91), itching skin (PR = 1.79), fatigue (PR = 1.77) and coughing (PR = 1.70).O processo de deteriorização socioambiental do polo gesseiro de Pernambuco necessita ser mais bem conhecido. Este artigo objetivou estudar os fatores epidemiológicos que concorrem com a saúde das pessoas. Um estudo epidemiológico transversal foi realizado no período de 2001 a 2003, por meio da aplicação de um questionário fechado no distrito de Morais, município de Araripina, considerado uma das principais localidades de produção de gesso e artefatos. Uma amostra randomizada foi extraída a partir dos 2.486 habitantes, considerando-se como erro aceitável de 5% para o Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de Katz de 95%. Quatrocentas e sessenta e duas pessoas foram entrevistadas e os problemas de saúde mais referidos foram: irritação dos olhos (42,92%), sangramento de nariz (37,39%), tosse (28,26%), cansaço (21,73%), irritação na pele (18,48%), falta de ar (16,26%) e história de doença respiratória pregressa (16,34%), todos estatisticamente significantes. No geral, crianças (de 1 a 9 anos) e idosos ( >; 60 anos) relataram mais sintomas respiratórios. A poeira de gesso dentro de casa apresentou-se como um importante indicador qualitativo na avaliação de seu impacto na saúde das pessoas. Nos domicílios avaliados, a presença de poeira de gesso mostrou-se mais prevalente com as queixas de irritação dos olhos (RP = 1,91), irritação na pele (RP = 1,79), cansaço (RP = 1,77) e tosse (RP = 1,70)

FIMED: Flexible management of biomedical data

Background and objectives: In the last decade, clinical trial management systems have become an essential support tool for data management and analysis in clinical research. However, these clinical tools have design limitations, since they are currently not able to cover the needs of adaptation to the continuous changes in the practice of the trials due to the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the clinical research data. These systems are usually proprietary solutions provided by vendors for specific tasks. In this work, we propose FIMED, a software solution for the flexible management of clinical data from multiple trials, moving towards personalized medicine, which can contribute positively by improving clinical researchers quality and ease in clinical trials. Methods: This tool allows a dynamic and incremental design of patients’ profiles in the context of clinical trials, providing a flexible user interface that hides the complexity of using databases. Clinical researchers will be able to define personalized data schemas according to their needs and clinical study specifications. Thus, FIMED allows the incorporation of separate clinical data analysis from multiple trials. Results: The efficiency of the software has been demonstrated by a real-world use case for a clinical assay in Melanoma disease, which has been indeed anonymized to provide a user demonstration. FIMED currently provides three data analysis and visualization components, guaranteeing a clinical exploration for gene expression data: heatmap visualization, clusterheatmap visualization, as well as gene regulatory network inference and visualization. An instance of this tool is freely available on the web at https://khaos.uma.es/fimed. It can be accessed with a demo user account, “researcher”, using the password “demo”. (...)Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA. This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation via Grant PID2020-112540RB-C41 (AEI/FEDER, UE) and Andalusian PAIDI program with grant P18-RT2799

Artificial intelligence for automatically detecting animals in camera trap images: a combination of MegaDetector and YOLOv5

Camera traps have gained high popularity for collecting animal images in a cost-effective and non-invasive manner, but manually examining these large volumes of images to extract valuable data is a laborious and costly process. Deep learning, specifically object detection techniques, constitutes a powerful tool for automating this task. Here, we describe the development and result of a deep-learning workflow based on MegaDetector and YOLOv5 for automatically detecting animals in camera trap images. For the development, we first used MegaDetector, which automatically generated bounding boxes for 93.2% of the images in the training set, differentiating animals, humans, vehicles, and empty photos. This annotation phase allowed to discard useless images. Then, we used the images containing animals within the training dataset to train four YOLOv5 models, each one built for a group of species of similar aspects as defined by a human expert. Using four expert models instead of one reduces the complexity and variance between species, allowing for more precise learning within each of the groups. The final result is a workflow where the end-user enters the camera trap images into a global model. Then, this global model redirects the images towards the appropriate expert model. Finally, the final animal classification into a particular species is based on the confidence rates provided by a weighted voting system implemented among the expert models. We validated this workflow using a dataset of 120.000 images collected by 100 camera traps over five years in Andalusian National Parks (Spain) with a representation of 24 mammal species. Our workflow approach improved the global classification F1-score from 0.92 to 0.96. It increased the precision for distinguishing similar species, for example from 0.41 to 0.96 for C. capreolus; and from 0.24 to 0.73 for D. dama, often confounded with other ungulate species, which demonstrates its potential for animal detection in images.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Improvement in the synthesis of (Z)-organylthioenynes via hydrothiolation of buta-1,3-diynes: a comparative study using NaOH or TBAOH as base

AbstractHydrothiolation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical buta-1,3-diynes with sodium organylthiolate anions in reflux, generated in situ by reacting C4H9SH with NaOH, afforded (Z)-organylthioenynes in low to good yields (25–80%). By using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) as base instead of NaOH, the hydrothiolation of buta-1,3-diynes was more rapid and efficient, providing (Z)-organylthioenynes in good to excellent yields (70–95%)