Chemical pretreatment for the distillation of urine

Pretreatment of urine prevents micro-organism growth in boiler and kills micro-organisms in condenser. Chemicals also clean evaporation surface, fix ammonia in boiling chamber, and suppress foaming

Application of biological filters in water treatment systems

Silver chloride placed on or close to barrier kills bacteria as they arrive. Dead bacteria accumulate linearly, whereas previously, live bacteria accumulated exponentially. During continuous 30-day tests, no bacteriological contamination was found downstream of filters with silver chloride added

Skylab D024 thermal control coatings and polymeric films experiment

The Skylab D024 Thermal Control Coatings and Polymeric Films Experiment was designed to determine the effects of the external Skylab space environment on the performance and properties of a wide variety of selected thermal control coatings and polymeric films. Three duplicate sets of thermal control coatings and polymeric films were exposed to the Skylab space environment for varying periods of time during the mission. The specimens were retrieved by the astronauts during extravehicular activities (EVA) and placed in hermetically sealed return containers, recovered, and returned to the Wright Laboratory/Materials Laboratory/WPAFB, Ohio for analysis and evaluation. Postflight analysis of the three sets of recovered thermal control coatings indicated that measured changes in specimen thermo-optical properties were due to a combination of excessive contamination and solar degradation of the contaminant layer. The degree of degradation experienced over-rode, obscured, and compromised the measurement of the degradation of the substrate coatings themselves. Results of the analysis of the effects of exposure on the polymeric films and the contamination observed are also presented. The D024 results were used in the design of the LDEF M0003-5 Thermal Control Materials Experiment. The results are presented here to call to the attention of the many other LDEF experimenters the wealth of directly related, low earth orbit, space environmental exposure data that is available from the ten or more separate experiments that were conducted during the Skylab mission. Results of these experiments offer data on the results of low altitude space exposure on materials recovered from space with exposure longer than typical STS experiments for comparison with the LDEF results

Potable water bactericide agent development

The results are summarized of the work performed for the development and evaluation of a bactericide agent/system concept capable of being used in the space shuttle potable water system. The concept selected for evaluation doses fuel cell water with silver ions before the water is stored and used, by passing this water through columns packed with silver chloride and silver bromide particles, respectively. Four simulated space shuttle potable water system tests, each of seven days duration, were performed to demonstrate that this concept is capable of delivering sterile water even though 3 + or - 1 x 10 to the 9th power Type IIIa or Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, two types which have been found in the Apollo potable water system, are purposely injected into the system each day. This result, coupled with the fact that silver ions do not have to be periodically added to the stored water, indicates that this concept is superior to the chlorine and iodine techniques used on Apollo

A photon phreak digs the LDEF happening

A year ago at the First Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium, detailed measurements on trunnion sections, as well as results from 'intentional' samples (Co, Ni, In, Ta, and V) and spacecraft parts were reported. For this year's Symposium, some of these findings are re-evaluated in combination with more recent results, to cast a longer perspective on the LDEF experience, and to sketch some promising avenues toward more effective participation in future missions. The LDEF analysis effort has been a superb training exercise, from which lessons learned need to be applied to future missions - right back to the early phases of mission planning

Creation and Implementation of the Central Appalachian Institute for Research and Development

A capstone submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the College of Education at Morehead State University by James L. Hurley on March 12, 2013

Making meaning in muddy waters: representing complexity through community based storytelling

Internationally, storytelling has been used with many diverse communities. This paper compares the use of storytelling as a participatory art form within a community development project and a community and healthy living centre in the United Kingdom. Both the project and the centre regard storytelling activities as ‘inclusionary’ forms of intervention. However, the discourse of social inclusion rarely acknowledges the subtle psychosocial processes that are involved in participatory storytelling. This paper discusses such processes and examines some methodological implications of researching storytelling. It asks what contribution storytelling can make towards authentic representation of individual and community voices

The Esso refinery, Everett, Mass., an analysis and evaluation of its public relations policies and practices

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-148)

Raman Spectroscopy of Monolayers Formed from Chromate Corrosion Inhibitor on Copper Surfaces

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was used to observe interactions of dilute Cr^VI solutions with silver and copper surfaces in situ. Using silver as a model surface which supports strong SERS with a 514.5 nm laser, it was possible to observe Cr^III at the near monolayer level, and the spectra were compared to those from Cr^III oxyhydroxide species and Cr^III/Cr^VI mixed oxide. Similar experiments were conducted with Cu surfaces and 785 nm excitation. Upon exposure to Cr^VI solution, the characteristic Cu oxide Raman bands disappeared, and a Cr^III band increased in intensity over a period of ~20 h. The intensity of the Cr^III band on Cu became self-limiting after the formation of several Cr^III monolayers, as supported by chronoamperometry experiments. This Cr^III spectrum was stable after Cr^VI was removed from the solution provided the potential remained negative of –200 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The results support the conclusion that Cr^VI is reductively adsorbed to Cu at the near neutral pH and open circuit potentials expected for Cu/Al alloys in field applications. The Cr^III film is stable and is a strong inhibitor of electron transfer in general and oxygen reduction in particular. An important mechanistic feature of Cr^III formation is the substitution lability of Cr^VI compared to Cr^III. The Cr^VI-O bond can be broken much more rapidly than the substitution inert Cr^III-O bond, making formation of Cr^III/Cr^VI mixed oxide kinetically favorable. Once reduced to Cr^III, however, the substitution inert oxyhydroxide film is much less labile. An important and central feature of Cr^VI as a corrosion inhibitor is its transformation via reductive adsorption from a mobile, substitution labile Cr^VI form to an insoluble, substitution inert Cr^III oxyhydroxide. Furthermore, Cr^VI reduction is likely to occur at cathodic sites previously responsible for oxygen reduction, which are then permanently blocked by a stable Cr^III film with a thickness of a few monolayers