Preface and Introduction to \u3cem\u3eGeneration A: Research on Autism in the Workplace\u3c/em\u3e

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Frederick Winslow Taylor: Reflections on the Relevance of The Principles of Scientific Management 100 Years Later

This Special Edition of the Journal of Business and Management was organized to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the publication of Frederick Winslow Taylor’s The Principles of Scientific Management. The large response to our call for papers is indicative of the scholarly interest in Taylor, his work, and its relevance to management practitioners. The papers we received were broad in scope. While most were supportive of scientific management, some felt that Taylor should not be honored. The merits of Taylor’s work can certainly be debated, but what cannot be argued is that Taylor changed the way people worked in the 20th century. This Special Issue focuses on the relevance of Taylor’s work to managerial practice in the 21st century. The aim of this Special Issue is to encourage theoretical and empirical research on Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, and its implications for managerial practice in the 21st century

Determinants of Managerial Career Attainment: Student Perceptions and organizational Realities

This study explored the perceptions of managerial career attainment of graduating MBA students and compared them to previous research on the actual determinants of career attainment. Results suggest that students did seem to have a good grasp of which determinants are important to managerial career attainment. Business school faculty are encouraged to prepare MBA students for the organizational realities that they will likely experience during their careers

Image Norms: A Model of Formation and Operation

This paper presents a model describing the formation and operation of image norms. Image norms are discussed from both the individual and the organizational perspective. This is followed by a discussion of the implications of image norms for individuals’ career choice decisions. The implications of image norms for organizations are also presented. Suggestions for future research on image norms are provided

Staying Hungry, Staying Foolish: Academic Reflections on the Life and Career of Steve Jobs

The 2011 death of Steve Jobs, Apple CEO and cofounder, generated a flood of articles in the popular press acknowledging his influence on the design and delivery of consumer products that changed the way multiple generations work and play. As one of the most visible, yet controversial CEOs in recent history, stories of his management style are likely to fuel a debate over his leadership effectiveness. It is expected that scholarly and academic articles will emerge in the next few years detailing the business lessons that can be learned from the way that Jobs ran Apple Computer, NeXT, Pixar, and his transformation of Apple in the 1990s

Chitinase digestion for the analysis of microplastics in chitinaceous organisms using the terrestrial isopod Oniscus asellus L. as a model organism

Chitinaceous organisms have been found to ingest microplastic; however, a standardised, validated, and time- and cost-efficient method for dissolving these organisms without affecting microplastic particles is still required. This study tested four protocols for dissolving organisms with a chitin exoskeleton: 1) potassium hydroxide (KOH) + chitinase, 2) Creon® + chitinase, 3) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) + chitinase, and, 4) Nitric Acid (HNO3) + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The effects on microplastics composed of eight different polymers were also tested. The use of H2O2 followed by chitinase was found to be a highly efficient method. The three other protocols either did not digest the chitin sufficiently or negatively affected the tested polymers. A recovery test using microplastic fibres, beads and tyre particles revealed high recovery rates of 0.85, 0.89 and 1 respectively. This further supported the applicability of the H2O2 and chitinase (protocol 3) for dissolving chitinaceous organisms. Thus, we recommend that future investigations of microplastic (0.05 μm–5000 μm) in chitinaceous organisms (0.3 cm–5 cm) utilise the here presented methodology. This represents an important component of the ongoing validation and harmonization of methodological approaches that are urgently needed for the advancement of microplastic assessments globally.publishedVersio

Autism in the Workplace: Assessing the Transition Needs of Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Over the next decade, close to half a million people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) will reach adulthood. Research suggests that the career and life outcomes for young adults with ASD are poor as compared with those of the general population. Nevertheless, there is relatively little research on the work experiences of young adults with ASD that focuses on their career aspirations, preparation for work, career experiences, and the barriers associated with their transition into the world of work. Given the large numbers of young adults with ASD who are exiting secondary school and vocational training programs, it is imperative to understand the issues associated with their transition into the world of work. The purpose of this study, which utilizes a survey questionnaire and focus group, is to assess the transition needs and experiences of young adults with ASD as they prepare to enter the workplace. The results indicate that young adults with ASD face significant transition barriers when navigating the world of work and have certain transition needs. Policy implications for the transition needs identified are presented

High Tech Entrepreneurial Careers: A Model of Stages, Phases, and Ages

The meteoric rise, dramatic fall, and spectacular comeback associated with Steve Jobs’ career path is an evocative example of the risks and rewards associated with following a high-tech entrepreneurial career. While research on entrepreneurs has primarily focused on their characteristics, there is limited research on the career paths of entrepreneurs in either the careers or the entrepreneurship literature. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new model of entrepreneurial careers that better reflects the realities of pursuing a career in the high-tech computer industry. The proposed model considers the role that stages, phases, and ages play in the careers of hightech entrepreneurs

Emerging Issues of Management Education in the 21st Century

There is a need for the development of international course material studying corporations outside of the United States. The development of these materials is going to require new forms of cooperation between universities and corporations. Little research exists which examines whether practitioners read, understand, or use the material contained in academic journals. This paper examines the relationship between universities and corporations by reporting the results of a study which surveyed executives about their relationship with academic research. The paper then discusses methodologies for improving collaboration between the two constituencies and offers suggestions for the development of international course materials

Slowly cycling Rho kinase-dependent actomyosin cross-bridge slippage explains intrinsic high compliance of detrusor smooth muscle

Biological soft tissues are viscoelastic because they display timeindependent pseudoelasticity and time-dependent viscosity. However, there is evidence that the bladder may also display plasticity, defined as an increase in strain that is unrecoverable unless work is done by the muscle. In the present study, an electronic lever was used to induce controlled changes in stress and strain to determine whether rabbit detrusor smooth muscle (rDSM) is best described as viscoelastic or viscoelastic plastic. Using sequential ramp loading and unloading cycles, stress-strain and stiffness-stress analyses revealed that rDSM displayed reversible viscoelasticity, and that the viscous component was responsible for establishing a high stiffness at low stresses that increased only modestly with increasing stress compared with the large increase produced when the viscosity was absent and only pseudoelasticity governed tissue behavior. The study also revealed that rDSM underwent softening correlating with plastic deformation and creep that was reversed slowly when tissues were incubated in a Ca2+ -containing solution. Together, the data support a model of DSM as a viscoelastic-plastic material, with the plasticity resulting from motor protein activation. This model explains the mechanism of intrinsic bladder compliance as slipping cross bridges, predicts that wall tension is dependent not only on vesicle pressure and radius but also on actomyosin cross-bridge activity, and identifies a novel molecular target for compliance regulation, both physiologically and therapeutically