Scientific Knowledge Transfer within the Limits of Research, Integration, and Utilization: Cases of Nature Conservation in Vietnam, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, and Sweden

There is a strong scholarly consensus that scientific expertise plays an important role in addressing complex and uncertain issues in environmental governance. It is expected that when scientific ideas are put into practice, they should significantly contribute to the improvement of environmental solutions and a better science should lead to a better policy. However, such a perspective is rare in practice. There have been many efforts to explain the transfer of scientific knowledge from various perspectives. In this dissertation, Do Thi Huong uses a novel theoretical model of scientific knowledge transfer (RIU model) to explore limits of scientific knowledge transfer in cases of nature conservation in Vietnam, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, and Sweden with a great focus on three factors: Research, Integration, and Utilization. This dissertation consists of Do Thi Huong's four constitutive publications and a literature review of publications based on the RIU model from Germany, Indonesia, Japan, and Sweden. The dissertation focuses on three research questions: 1. What are the limits of scientific knowledge transfer? 2. Which factors determine the limits for scientific knowledge transfer according to RIU model? 3. Are these factors independent of each other? The RIU model served as a theoretical foundation for this dissertation. The RIU model predominantly follows the idea that policies are the result of co-production between scientific arguments and political reasoning. In the RIU model, knowledge transfer process is defined as a connection of three spheres: Research (R), Integration (I), and Utilization (U), each of which follows an individual logic. With the differentiation between research, integration, and utilization, typical activities of scientific knowledge transfer, based on different rationalities, can be analyzed and explained. Nevertheless, there is still the question of whether the factors limiting research, integration, and utilization depend on each other or they are independent of each other. This means whether a high amount of scientific statements causes much utilization always or they are independent of each other. The basic assumption of the RIU model is that the factors of research, integration, and utilization are independent of each other in limiting the transfer of knowledge. Do Thi Huong takes this assumption and formulates a leading hypothesis of her synthesis dissertation: The factors of research, integration, and utilization determine independently from each other the transfer of scientific knowledge. This dissertation was conducted using a meta-analysis of 15 publications based on the RIU model in five countries including Vietnam, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, and Sweden. The independence of research, integration, and utilization could be tested through direct hypotheses and indirect hypotheses in all 15 cases. The primary analysis of this dissertation consists of Do Thi Huong's four constitutive articles that relied principally on two sources of data: document analysis and semi-structured expert interviews. During the last four years, Do Thi Huong has conducted two field studies in Vietnam between October 2015 and February 2016, and between May and August 2017. She used the triangulation method (data, methodology, and investigator) for increasing study credibility. Qualitative content analysis and stakeholder analysis were also conducted to analyze all collected documents and role of actors with the aim of testing the hypotheses in particular cases studies in Vietnam. The results show that, first, there are five hypotheses that directly support the independence from each other of research, integration and utilization activities in the RIU model. These hypotheses have been examined in the comparative studies on forest policy development between Japan and Sweden, case studies of the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, and case studies of fishery management in Indonesia. All five hypotheses are supported by empirical evidence of the case studies. Second, independence of research, integration, and utilization is tested indirectly. The truth table formulates eight combinations of research, integration, and utilization. Out of these, five are supported by empirical evidence of cases in Vietnam, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, and Sweden. These results indicate that the research, integration, and utilization are independent of each other in the investigated cases. One important consequence of independence is that a big amount of research does not necessarily lead to effective integration or utilization and vice versa. Third, by applying the RIU model, the limiting factors of knowledge transfer could be identified within research, integration, and utilization. The RIU model is a useful tool to particularly indicate these limitations and give recommendations to improve research or/and integration or/and utilization in an effort to enhance science – based policy support. Fourth, since the factors of research, integration, and utilization determine independently from each other the transfer of scientific knowledge, the author emphasizes the importance of checking all three factors to assess the transfer of scientific knowledge in practice

Superheavy Dark Matter in the Supersymmetric Economical 3-3-1 Model

We suggest the supersymmetric particles contained in the supersymmetric economical 3-3-1model were produced during the heating time. They have not been thermodynamic equilibrium when it frozeout. It leads to the lightest supersymmetric particle can be a good candidate for superheavy dark matter.With assumption the lightest supersymmetric particle is Bino, we show that the correct contribution of thesuperheavy dark matter species to the present critical density requires the Bino mass is order 1012 GeVand there is not exists a large mass hierarchy of the superpartner in the considered model

Factoring as a Form of Financing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in ASEAN

Small and medium-sized enterprises have increasingly played very important roles, particularly in developing open economies and the ASEAN economic community. One of the biggest factors that hinders the growth of these firms is their lack of fund and limited access to financial sources. This writing, firstly, aims to illustrate that factoring can prove to be a popular tendency in fanancing small and medium enterprises in ASEAN by showing its considerable growing rate over the last two decades. In the second part, using the OLS, the paper also measures and discusses the determinants of factoring development in three financial markets including Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore

Perception and use of fat claims on food labels and consumer behaviour towards food products with fat claims: A Nottingham case study

Literature in consumer behaviour toward food and nutrition shows a lack of researches penetrating the perception and use of fat claims on the label of food products and consumer behaviour toward such product categories in the setting of real world. This study provides an insight into these issues based on questionnaires and observations in Nottingham city. The results indicate a genuine interest in the information of fat content on the package along with an overall good understanding of the healthiness of the products with such claims, though the understanding varies across product categories. The use of fat claims when shopping is relatively promising, and the degree of use is found to be compatible with the level of healthiness of product. Observed consumer behaviour does not stay in line with what is reported in questionnaires, revealing an over-reporting issue. In real setting, consumers prefer regular or full fat products to lighter versions. Socio-demographic factors are examined, figuring out a prevalence of women in the interest and use of fat claims. Other demographic factors do not seem to carry any causal effects. This study highlights the need for enhancing consumer understanding and use of health-related claims

Performance Investigation of High-Speed Train OFDM Systems under the Geometry-Based Channel Model

The high-speed of train (HST) in combination with the high carrier frequency of HST systems leads to the severe inter carrier interference (ICI) in the HST orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (HST-OFDM) systems. To avoid the complexity in OFDM receiver design for ICI eliminations, the OFDM system parameters such as symbol duration, signal bandwidth, and the number of subcarriers should be chosen appropriately. This paper aims to propose a process of HST-OFDM system performance investigation to determine these parameters in order to enhance spectral efficiency and meet a given quality-of-service (QoS) level. The signal-to-­interference-­plus-­noise ratio (SINR) has been used as a figure of merit to analyze the system performance instead of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as most of recent research studies. Firstly, using the non-stationary geometry-based stochastic HST channel model, the SINR of each subcarrier has been derived for different speeds of the train, signal bandwidths, and number of subcarriers. Consequently, the system capacity has been formulated as the sum of all the single channel capacity from each sub-carrier. The constraints on designing HST-OFDM system parameters have been thoughtfully analyzed using the obtained expressions of SINR and capacity. Finally, by analyzing the numerical results, the system parameters can be found for the design of HST-OFDM systems under different speeds of train. The proposed process can be used to provide hints to predict performance of HST communication systems before doing further high cost implementations as hardware designs

THE STATUS OF READING CULTURE OF STUDENTS THANH HOA UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM

Reading culture is extremely important in the process of studying and researching in universities. As a factor promoting the process of self-study, student research helps to innovate teaching and learning methods in the direction of learner-centered. The following article presents issues about the current situation of the reading culture of students - students studying at Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Outline strengths, limitations and propose a solution. Some solutions contribute to the development of reading culture for students - students at the school

Can the Higgs field feel a dark force?

We argue that if an electroweak Higgs field possesses a dark gauge charge responsible for dark matter stability, the $W$-boson mass deviation is properly induced, besides appropriately generated neutrino masses. We examine a simple model in which the usual Higgs doublet plays the role but dark matter candidates are somewhat input by ad hoc. We look for a realistic model that fully realizes such observation, thereby neutrino mass and dark matter are naturally supplied by a dark non-abelian gauge symmetry.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, 3 table

Performance Investigation of High-Speed Train OFDM Systems under the Geometry-Based Channel Model

The high-speed of train (HST) in combination with the high carrier frequency of HST systems leads to the severe inter carrier interference (ICI) in the HST orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (HST-OFDM) systems. To avoid the complexity in OFDM receiver design for ICI eliminations, the OFDM system parameters such as symbol duration, signal bandwidth, and the number of subcarriers should be chosen appropriately. This paper aims to propose a process of HST-OFDM system performance investigation to determine these parameters in order to enhance spectral efficiency and meet a given quality-of-service (QoS) level. The signal-to-­interference-­plus-­noise ratio (SINR) has been used as a figure of merit to analyze the system performance instead of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as most of recent research studies. Firstly, using the non-stationary geometry-based stochastic HST channel model, the SINR of each subcarrier has been derived for different speeds of the train, signal bandwidths, and number of subcarriers. Consequently, the system capacity has been formulated as the sum of all the single channel capacity from each sub-carrier. The constraints on designing HST-OFDM system parameters have been thoughtfully analyzed using the obtained expressions of SINR and capacity. Finally, by analyzing the numerical results, the system parameters can be found for the design of HST-OFDM systems under different speeds of train. The proposed process can be used to provide hints to predict performance of HST communication systems before doing further high cost implementations as hardware designs