Users of mental health services as peer support providers and research collaborators

This special issue of the Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services includes three articles that focus on the users of mental health services, not as patients but as providers of peer support services or as collaborators in mental health nursing research. In particular, they highlight the thought and consideration that goes into ensuring that service users and family caregivers are adequately prepared and supported in these relatively new roles

Lung lobe torsion in adult and juvenile pugs

This cases series of 13 pugs with lung lobe torsion (LLT) is the largest case series of pugs in the literature and the first to compare dogs presenting before and after 12 months of age. Similar to previous case series, the median age of pugs with LLT was 17 months; however six dogs were under 12 months of age (3 of 13 were 11–13 weeks at presentation). There were no differences between the dogs that presented younger or older than 12 months old with respect to sex, neuter status, lung lobe affected, duration and nature of clinical signs, time alive after discharge, and complications. The juvenile onset may suggest that some dogs are inherently at risk of LLT. This is intriguing and important as LLT may not be an intuitive diagnosis in a juvenile brachycephalic animal, and practitioners should be aware of this unusual presentation

Pet owners' awareness of animal blood banks and their motivations towards animal blood donation

The general public’s awareness of, and attitude to, canine and feline blood donation is poorly understood. Increasing understanding of pet owners’ thoughts about donation may allow more effective blood donor recruitment. The aims of this study were to investigate pet owners’ awareness of small animal blood donation and their attitude and motivations regarding their pet being a blood donor. A mixed methods approach was used, with data collected from 158 pet owners attending a first-opinion veterinary clinic using a written questionnaire of closed and open questions. Most owners were unaware that dogs and cats could donate blood (70 per cent). However, 89 per cent stated they would be willing to let their pet donate blood if they were suitable. This was more likely if the owner did not work full time and less likely if they were aged over 71 years. Thematic analysis of owners’ motivations and deterrents towards pet blood donation resulted in four key themes: ‘Beneficence’, the desire to help others; ‘Necessity of service’, a recognition of the requirement for blood products; ‘Reciprocity’, a hope that if they participated this would result in blood products being available for their pet; and ‘Reservations and concerns’

Differentiation of Cardiac from Noncardiac Pleural Effusions in Cats using Second-Generation Quantitative and Point-of-Care NT-proBNP Measurements

BACKGROUND: Pleural effusion is a common cause of dyspnea in cats. N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) measurement, using a first‐generation quantitative ELISA, in plasma and pleural fluid differentiates cardiac from noncardiac causes of pleural effusion. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether NT‐proBNP measurements using second‐generation quantitative ELISA and point‐of‐care (POC) tests in plasma and pleural fluid distinguish cardiac from noncardiac pleural effusions and how results compare to the first‐generation ELISA. ANIMALS: Thirty‐eight cats (US cohort) and 40 cats (UK cohort) presenting with cardiogenic or noncardiogenic pleural effusion. METHODS: Prospective cohort study. Twenty‐one and 17 cats in the US cohort, and 22 and 18 cats in the UK cohort were classified as having cardiac or noncardiac pleural effusion, respectively. NT‐proBNP concentrations in paired plasma and pleural fluid samples were measured using second‐generation ELISA and POC assays. RESULTS: The second‐generation ELISA differentiated cardiac from noncardiac pleural effusion with good diagnostic accuracy (plasma: sensitivity, 95.2%, specificity, 82.4%; pleural fluid: sensitivity, 100%, specificity, 76.5%). NT‐proBNP concentrations were greater in pleural fluid (719 pmol/L (134–1500)) than plasma (678 pmol/L (61–1500), P = 0.003), resulting in different cut‐off values depending on the sample type. The POC test had good sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (87.5%) when using plasma samples. In pleural fluid samples, the POC test had good sensitivity (100%) but low specificity (64.7%). Diagnostic accuracy was similar between first‐ and second‐generation ELISA assays. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Measurement of NT‐proBNP using a quantitative ELISA in plasma and pleural fluid or POC test in plasma, but not pleural fluid, distinguishes cardiac from noncardiac causes of pleural effusion in cats

Repetitive spinal motor neuron discharges following single transcranial magnetic stimulation: relation to dexterity

Transcranial magnetic stimulation allows to study the properties of the human corticospinal tract non-invasively. After a single transcranial magnetic stimulus, spinal motor neurons (MNs) sometimes fire not just once, but repetitively. The biological significance of such repetitive MN discharges (repMNDs) is unknown. To study the relation of repMNDs to other measures of cortico-muscular excitability and to physiological measures of the skill for finely tuned precision movements, we used a previously described quadruple stimulation (QuadS) technique (Z'Graggen et al. 2005) to quantify the amount of repMNDs in abductor digiti minimi muscles (ADMs) on both sides of 20 right-handed healthy subjects. Skillfulness for finger precision movements of both hands was assessed using a finger tapping task. In 16 subjects, a follow-up examination was performed after training of either precision movements (n=8) or force (n=8) of the left ADM. The size of the QuadS response (amplitude and area ratios) was greater in the dominant right hand than in the left hand (QuadS amplitude ratio: 47.1±18.1 versus 37.7±22.0%, Wilcoxon test: P<0.05; QuadS area ratio: 49.7±16.2% versus 36.9±23.0%, Wilcoxon test: P<0.05), pointing to a greater amount of repMNDs. Moreover, the QuadS amplitude and area increased significantly after finger precision training, but not after force training. This increase of repMNDs correlated significantly with the increase in performance in the finger tapping task. Our results demonstrate that repMNDs are related to handedness and therefore probably reflect supraspinal excitability differences. The increase of repMNDs after skills training but not after force training supports the hypothesis of a supraspinal origin of repMND

Sex Differences in Measures of Wave Reflection and Aortic Arterial Stiffness in Response to Weight Machine Resistance Exercise

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(2): 1190-1201, 2022. While it has been demonstrated that acute resistance exercise (RE) alters measures of wave reflection and aortic arterial stiffness in young, healthy individuals, limited research has evaluated sex differences. Accordingly, we recruited moderately active, resistance-trained men (Age: 22 ± 3yrs, n=12) and women (23 ± 3yrs, n=10) to perform two randomized conditions consisting of an acute bout of weight machine RE or a quiet control (CON). Measures of aortic wave reflection and aortic stiffness were taken at baseline and 15 minutes following the RE (Recovery). At baseline, women had significantly higher heart rate (p = 0.05) and lower brachial systolic blood pressure (p = 0.009) compared to men. There were no significant three-way interactions for any variable. Significant condition by time interactions were noted for heart rate (Baseline: 65 ± 10bpm, Recovery: 87 ± 13bpm, p = 0.001), brachial systolic blood pressure (Baseline: 116 ± 9mmHg, Recovery: 123 ± 10mmHg, p = 0.014), and the augmentation index (AIx) normalized at 75bpm (Baseline: 7.7 ± 12.8%, Recovery: 15.5 ± 9.5%, p = 0.002) such that Recovery was augmented compared to Baseline following RE but not CON. There was also a significant main effect of time for augmentation pressure (Baseline: 4.1 ± 4.0mmHg, Recovery: 4.0 ± 3.6mmHg, p = 0.04) such that it decreased from Baseline to Recovery following RE but not the CON. There were no significant effects of sex, condition, or time on aortic arterial stiffness. Men and women have similar responses in measures of aortic wave reflection and aortic arterial stiffness following acute RE using weight machines

Antidepressants for treatment of depression in primary care:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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