1 Corinthians 11:2-16: exegesis case study

Corinthians 1: 11-14. However one chooses to outline 1 Corinthians, it is evident that ch. 7-10 basically revolve around questions put to Paul by the congregation in Corinth. Ch. 11-14 focus on the worship life of the church: women in the church1 Cor 11:2-16 (cf. 14:33-36); the Lord\u27s Supper, 11:17-34; and the use of spiritual gifts, 12:1-14:40. Whether in 11:2-16 Paul is answering a question put to him by the church or simply directing himself to a particular irregularity of which he had become aware, we do not know. In this section the apostle interweaves two themes, one dealing with a basic or general principle, the other with its particular application. Thus in vv. 3,8-9,11-12 he clarifies the essential relationship between man and woman on the basis of their special creation by God. In vv. 4-7,10,13-15, he relates the principle to the issue of head coverings when praying or prophesying. Vv. 2 and 16 provide the framework for the discussion. [ed excerpt]

Präventive Tiergesundheit bei kleinen Wiederkäuern – Wissenstransfer in die Praxis

Ziel des Projektes war der Wissenstransfer von neuen Konzepten zur präventiven Tiergesundheit bei kleinen Wiederkäuern in die Praxis. Dazu wurden zunächst die Ergebnisse eines Vorläuferprojekts (03 OE 458) herangezogen, analysiert und herausgearbeitet, welche Bereiche für die Praxis (Landwirte, Berater, Tierärzte) besonders relevant sind. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde eine zweitägige Fortbildungsveranstaltung konzipiert. Sie wurde gegliedert in drei theoretische Themenblöcke und einen Block mit Praxisübungen. Das Interesse an der Veranstaltung war sehr hoch, er ergab sich eine Teilnehmerzahl von 150 Personen, ca. 50 Anmeldungen mussten wegen Überbuchung abgesagt werden. In den Vortrags- und Diskussionsveranstaltungen wurden vorbeugende Konzepte zu Parasitenbefall, bakteriellen und viralen Bestandsinfektionen sowie zur Spurenelementversorgung vorgestellt und mit den Teilnehmern ausführlich diskutiert. Dabei ist es gelungen, eine deutliche Annährung der wissenschaftlichen Konzepte an die Bedingungen der Bestände zu erreichen. Im praktischen Teil wurden für Kleingruppen die Übungen 1. Klauenpflege und Moderhinkeprophylaxe, 2. Melktechnik und Mastitiserkennung , 3. Praktische Parasitenerkennung und Bekämpfung, 4. Futterbeurteilung und Fütterungskonzepte, 5.Reproduktionsmanagement, Brunststeuerung, Bockbeurteilung, Besamung, 6. Monitoring - Frühzeitige Krankheitserkennung & Dokumentation (Atemwegserkrankungen, Pseudo-Tbc u. a.), 7. Geburtshilfe, Abortdiagnostik- und Prophylaxe sowie 8. Tierzucht, Zucht auf Krankheitsresistenz, Gentests, Missbildungen angeboten. Jeder Teilnehmer konnte zwei Übungen belegen. Die Resonanz auf die gesamte Veranstaltung von Seiten der Teilnehmer war außerordentlich positiv

Entwicklung präventiver Tiergesundheitskonzepte bei kleinen Wiederkäuern im ökologischen Landbau

Die Ergebnisse gelten für ökologische und konventionelle Betriebe. Sehr problematisch ist die regional mangelhafte Verfügbarkeit spezialisierter Tierärzte/Berater. Endoparasiten: Durch Prophylaxe, gezielte Diagnostik und restriktiven Arzneimitteleinsatz kann ein tolerabler Parasitendruck hergestellt und der Entwicklung von Anthelmintikaresistenz entgegengesteuert werden. Einzeltier- oder Teilherdenbehandlung sollte die Routinebehandlung der Gesamtherde ersetzen. Die überwiegende Stallhaltung mit befestigtem Auslauf ist in Problembetrieben sinnvoll. Ein Herdengesundheitsplan und die Züchtung auf Resistenz ist wünschenswert. Alternative Behandlungsverfahren können derzeit nicht empfohlen werden. Infektionskrankheiten: Basale Präventionsmaßname ist die routinemäßige Bestandsdokumentation sowie die Untersuchung von verendeten Tieren/Kümmerern (ab 5%). Freiwillige, modulare Hygieneprogramme werden von Tierhaltern gegenüber bindenden Leitlinien bevorzugt. Notwendig ist eine erleichterte Impfstoffeinfuhr und -anwendung aus dem EU-Ausland. Homöopathie ist zur Entwurmung ungeeignet, indikationsbedingt zur Stärkung der Immunabwehr evt. sinnvoll. Positiver Nebeneffekt der Homöopathikagabe sind verbesserte Tierbeobachtung und spezielleres Management. Neu wird zukünftig vor allem die Übertragung der Verantwortung für die Sicherstellung der Lebensmittelqualität auf den Erzeuger sein. Spurenelemente: Mineralfuttereinsatz ist auch im Ökolandbau notwendig. Kompensationsmöglichkeiten über selektive Pflanzen- oder Laubfütterung/ -düngung sind gering. Für Ziegen sind die Gehalte fast aller Futterpflanzen zu gering. Futtermittel- sowie Blut- und Organanalysen sollten zur Objektivierung der Bestandssituation vermehrt erhoben werden. Zunehmender Verlust an Biodiversität trägt maßgeblich zur Verarmung der Futtermittel bei. In der Diagnostik, auf dem Gebiet der Referenzwerte sowie bezüglich der örtlich zu erwartenden Spurenelemente in Futterpflanzen besteht dringender Forschungsbedarf

Anxiety about Digital Security and Terrorism and Support for Counter-terror Measures

Purpose: This paper aims to determine the potential predictors of anxiety about digital security, terrorist threats and support for high-tech counter measures. Design/methodology/approach: In Study 1, 195 participants indicated their anxiety about digital security systems, data protection and social networking sites. In Study 2, 107 participants indicated their anxiety about domestic terrorism, international terrorism and extremist groups. In Study 3, 261 participants indicated their support for high-tech counter terrorism measures. Findings: Study 1 suggests that whereas anxiety about digital security systems, data protection and social networking sites were positively predicted by right-wing authoritarianism, anxiety about social networking was also negatively predicted by time spent online. Study 2 shows that time spent online was a negative predictor of anxiety about domestic terrorism. Study 3 indicates that the strongest positive predictor of support for all the measures was right-wing authoritarianism, followed by national identity. Research implications: The findings show the relevance of terror management theory to digital security and counter-terrorism. Practical implications: It appears that right-wing authoritarianism and national identity may serve as mechanisms for people to subjectively counter the presented threats. This notion may inform relevant policy and practice aimed at making communities safer and potentially help introduce counter-terror measures with less public backlash. Social implications: When designing counter-terror measures, policy makers should consider compound national identities (e.g., Catalan or Basque people). Originality/Value: The paper makes contribution to underexplored areas of terrorism anxiety and support for counter-terror measures

Between a rock and a hard place of geopolitically sensitive threats – critical incidents and decision inertia

While the SAFE-T model of decision making emphasizes naturalistic decision making, its potential for cross-comparative analysis of incidents with global implications remains underutilized, which the current paper aims to address. To this end, it draws upon open-source reports from unclassified American, British and Russian intelligence reports to explore the management of three types of 10 high-profile geopolitically sensitive threats from across the globe (verifying potential terrorist identity, hostage rescue and national/international security). Defining features of such incidents include decision makers’ ability to prospectively model competing scenarios in which they must select between options and where every outcome looks aversive and high risk (‘damned if you do or damned if you don’t decisions’). A frequent consequence of such calculations is ‘decision inertia’ (a failure to execute an important, irrevocable decision resulting in non-optimal consequences), or ‘implementation failure’ (a failure to make a choice). Combining the benefit of the theoretical framework and hindsight knowledge of the analyzed incidents, the paper facilitates theoretical understanding of decision inertia and failures to act. Encouraging the consideration of multiple scenario endings contingent on a wide spectrum of factors and unique cultural-historical context, it also helps identify past decision errors in order to inform assessment and management of similar geopolitical threats in the future

Interoperability: maintaining clear superordinate goals, reducing task complexity, and optimizing team size to ensure inter-agency action implementation in critical incident decisions.

This study demonstrates how naturalistic decision-making (NDM) can be usefully applied to study ‘decision inertia’ – Namely the cognitive process associated with failures to execute action when a decision-maker struggles to choose between equally perceived aversive outcomes. Data assessed the response and recovery from a sudden impact disaster during a 2-day immersive simulated emergency response. Fourteen agencies (including police, fire, ambulance, and military) and 194 participants were involved in the exercise. By assessing the frequency, type, audience, and content of communications, and by reference to five subject matter experts’ slow time analyses of critical turning points during the incident, three barriers were identified as reducing multiagency information sharing and the macrocognitive understanding of the incident. When the decision problem was non-time-bounded, involved multiple agencies, and identification of superordinate goals was lacking, the communication between agencies decreased and agencies focused on within-agency information sharing. These barriers distracted teams from timely and efficient discussions on decisions and action execution with seeking redundant information, which resulted in decision inertia. Our study illustrates how naturalistic environments are conducive to examining relatively understudied concepts of decision inertia, failures to act, and shared situational macrocognition in situations involving large distributed teams

Towards the co-production of urban space for increased inclusiveness

Increasingly, civil society is demanding greater participation and involvement in urban development. For this reason, planning processes have become more openly structured in recent years, offering a wider range of opportunities for participation. In order to enable such participation not only in planning but also in producing the city itself, structures for the co-production of urban space have now established themselves. The co-productive city is being made reality by civil society and local actors, whose goal is to create a long-term and sustainable value creation chain. As a counter-model to the neoliberal city, co-productive urban development requires alternative financial and organizational structures. Here our primary focus is the community-based and inclusive production of space that also redefines the role of the planner

Old Testament Quotations in John\u27s Gospel

The study of these quotations can serve us in several ways. It can increase our appreciation and understanding of the Old Testament as we observe the way in which the various New Testament writers understood and applied the Old Testament texts to the situation of the New. Furthermore, the theological intent of a New Testament writer may be highlighted by the manner in which he quotes the Old. Answers to questions relating to the purpose, structure, background, and historicity of a New Testament Gospel, for instance, may be informed by a study of the evangelist\u27s use of the Old Testament