Psychiatric intensive care units: A literature review

Background: Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) have been part of most inpatient psychiatric services for some time, however information about their functioning and outcome has not previously been collated. Aim: To conduct a systematic literature review to assess the current state of knowledge about such services. Method: A search of electronic databases was undertaken, followed by obtaining additional references from items obtained. Results: Over 50 papers in English containing some empirical data were identified. Most studies were retrospective. Typical PICU patients are: male; younger; single; unemployed; suffering from schizophrenia or mania; from a black Caribbean or African background; legally detained; with a forensic history. The most common reason for admission is for aggression management, and most patients stay a week or less. Evidence of the efficacy of PICU care is very poor. Conclusions: Most research so far has been small scale, and more substantial work using better methodologies is clearly required

Determination The effects of black pepper and angelica oil on nicotine craving of students: a randomized controlled pilot trial

Objective This study was examined the effects of essential oils inhalation on smoking cessation. Methods This study is an experimental study conducted with the intervention and control groups (pretest/posttest). Fifty-eight students were randomly grouped into 1 of 3 groups: black pepper group (n:21), inhaled black pepper oil, angelica group (n:18) inhaled angelica oil, and control group (n:19), inhaled sunflower (placebo) oil for 2 min. when they felt the urge to smoke. Conclusion The study showed that the mean score of students applying black pepper oil and angelica oil in intra-group comparison decreased after aromatherapy. Aromatherapy is an effective and safe method on smoking cessation

Physical Healthcare of People with Serious Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nurses' Involvement, Views, and Current Practices

Background: Based on the poor physical health and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, people with serious mental illness (SMI) have a high risk for long-term disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Aims: This study examined nurses' current practices and views regarding the physical health of people with SMI. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working in acute wards in large mental health hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Convenience sample of 184 nurses agreed to participate in the study. Data collection was based on the self-reported responses. Descriptive statistics and comparison tests were used to describe the sample's characteristics and identify associations amongst the participants' characteristics. Findings: The results showed that nurses considered the patients' physical health important, particularly female nurses. Monitoring blood pressure, assessing physical health status at admission, and helping self-care needs were common practices. Believing in the importance of physical health was correlated with high knowledge and self-confidence levels in delivery of physical healthcare. Discussion: These findings are useful for implementing integrated nursing care in acute psychiatric care and improving patients' mental and physical well-being

Genetic algorithm-driven surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy substrate optimization

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive and molecule-specific detection technique that uses surface plasmon resonances to enhance Raman scattering from analytes. In SERS system design, the substrates must have minimal or no background at the incident laser wavelength and large Raman signal enhancement via plasmonic confinement and grating modes over large areas (i.e., squared millimeters). These requirements impose many competing design constraints that make exhaustive parametric computational optimization of SERS substrates pro-hibitively time consuming. Here, we demonstrate a genetic-algorithm (GA)-based optimization method for SERS substrates to achieve strong electric field localization over wide areas for recon-figurable and programmable photonic SERS sensors. We analyzed the GA parameters and tuned them for SERS substrate optimization in detail. We experimentally validated the model results by fabricating the predicted nanostructures using electron beam lithography. The experimental Raman spectrum signal enhancements of the optimized SERS substrates validated the model predictions and enabled the generation of a detailed Raman profile of methylene blue fluorescence dye. The GA and its optimization shown here could pave the way for photonic chips and components with arbitrary design constraints, wavelength bands, and performance targets

Initial psychometric evaluation of the physical health attitude scale and a survey of mental health nurses

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject

Nurses' attitudes towards professional containment methods used in psychiatric wards and perceptions of aggression in Turkey

Aims and objective. The aim of this study was to determine nurses' attitudes towards professional containment methods and to explore the relationship between those attitudes and nurses' perception of aggression

Anti-elastase, anti-urease and antioxidant activities of (3-13)-monohydroxyeicosanoic acid isomers

yanardag, refiye/0000-0003-4185-4363; Onar, Hulya Celik/0000-0003-2573-5751WOS: 000311594100004A series of (3-13)-monohydroxyeicosanoic acid isomers were evaluated for their anti-elastase, anti-urease and. antioxidant activities for the first time in this study. All the test compounds exhibited anti-elastase, anti-urease and antioxidant activities. According to the obtained results, the hydroxyeicosanoic acid isomers in which the hydroxyl group is located in the middle or close to the middle of the chain showed higher anti-elastase, anti-urease and antioxidant activities than that of the other isomers. Therefore, (3-13)-monohydroxyeicosanoic acid isomers can be used in agriculture, pharmacy and cosmetic industries due to their excellent anti-elastase, anti-urease and antioxidant activities

Student nurses' attitudes towards professional containment methods used in psychiatric wards and perceptions of aggression

The aim of this study was to determine student nurses' attitudes towards professional containment methods used in psychiatric wards and its relation to their perception of aggression

Conceptual Development and Content Validation of a Multicultural Instrument to Assess the Normalization of Gender-Based Violence against Women

none7siThe normalization of gender-based violence (GBV) consists of all those cultural beliefs and values that sustain, justify, or minimize GBV perpetration. Acknowledging the lack of instruments addressing the normalization of GBV and its constitutive sociocultural dimensions, this article presents the conceptual development and initial validation of the Normalization of gender-based violence against women scale. This 18-item instrument could be used to assess the normalization of violence against women in GBV survivors of various cultural contexts. The scale has been developed through a sizeable mixed-methods study. This paper reports the qualitative portion of the study that allowed the development of the instrument and assessment of its content and face validity. In particular, the method section details the process by which the assessed scale’s domain has been identified through an expert panel workshop, the analysis of GBV survivor’s interviews, and the review of existing scales. The assessment of face and content validity, trough expert judges’ evaluation and Cognitive Interviewing, is presented. This instrument is the first normalization scale developed by a multicultural team for use with violence survivors. The techniques used to construct this scale aimed to capture cultural aspects of normalization that might be shared across women from diverse groups. Therefore, its use could enable social or health care providers worldwide to program or evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to contrast GBV by promoting a clearer understanding of cultural and social norms that sustain the acceptance and normalization of violence.openRodelli M.; Koutra K.; Thorvaldsdottir K.B.; Bilgin H.; Ratsika N.; Testoni I.; Saint Arnault D.M.Rodelli, M.; Koutra, K.; Thorvaldsdottir, K. B.; Bilgin, H.; Ratsika, N.; Testoni, I.; Saint Arnault, D. M