Историческая антропонимия сербско-хорватского языка как источник реконструкции праславянской лексики

(uk) Статтю присвячено словотвірно-етимологічному аналізу групи слов'янських особових імен, засвідчених у пам'ятках писемності сербсько-хорватської мови. Результатом аналізу виступає реконструкція архаїчних лексем, які зникли зі слов'янського апелятивного словника.(ru) Статья посвящена словообразовательно-этимологическому анализу группы славянских личных имен, засвидетельствованных в памятниках письменности сербско­хорватского языка. Результатом анализа стача реконструкция ряда архаичных лексем, утраченных в славянском апеллативном словаре.(en) The article is devoted to the word-formative etymological analysis o f a number o f Slavonic personal names, verified in the historical papers o f serbo-croatian language. The result o f the analysis is the reconstruction o f a series o f archaic lexemes lost in the Slavonic appellative vocabulary

Does loud sound influence the intracochlear oxygen tension?

The effect of loud sound on the perilymphatic oxygen tension was studied in anesthetized guinea pigs. Pure tone (4 kHz) and broad-band noise were given at 85-130 dB SPL for 3-8 min. No effects were seen either in the animals exposed to pure tone or in the animals exposed to 85 dB broad-band noise. In the animals exposed to noise at 130 dB SPL both increases and decreases of perilymphatic oxygen were measured but the changes were only of about 12% or less. The response to anoxia was normal. In animals with hypotension (PO2 fluctuated with the blood pressure. When the sound was delivered directly into the opened bulla the measured PO2 dropped immediately but was found to be caused by the cooling effect of an air current produced by the noise. Flushing the opened bulla with nitrogen, air or oxygen caused the same temperature-induced drop of measured PO2. The results and the artifacts are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24212/1/0000471.pd

Cochlear blood flow increases after systemic hemodilution: Comparison of simultaneous laser doppler flowmetry and radioactive microsphere measurements

Guinea pig cochlear blood flow was measured before and after systemic normovolemic hemodilution with high molecular weight dextran. Absolute determinations of blood flow (in the cochlea, brain, kidney and lung) were accomplished by use of radioactive-labeled (85Sr or 141Ce) microspheres. Relative measurements of the cochlear blood flow changes were made simultaneously by the use of a laser Doppler flowmeter. The flowmeter probe was placed on the first cochlear turn. Hemodilution to an average systemic hematocrit of 20% increased cochlear blood flow by 250% as measured with microspheres. The laser Doppler instrument significantly underestimated the actual flow increase giving an indication of 148%. Furthermore, the data, when analyzed on an individual trial basis, showed a very poor correlation between the two methods. The theoretical basis for these findings in relation to the use of the laser Doppler instrument is discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27192/1/0000195.pd

Cochlear blood flow in response to dilating agents

Reduced cochlear blood flow (CBF) has been implicated in various pathologies of the inner ear, including sudden deafness, noise-induced hearing loss and Meniere's disease. Thus the aim of some current therapeutic regimens to treat these conditions is to increase CBF and thereby improve oxygenation of the inner ear tissues. Most of the vasodilating agents in clinical use, however, do not have specific experimental evidence to support their effects on CBF. The hypotension which can follow systemic administration may limit their local effectiveness and general utility, just as it complicates the interpretation of the data in animal experiments. In the current study we investigated the effect of six agents, known for their systemic cardiovascular actions, on CBF: hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside, papaverine, nicotinic acid, verapamil and histamine. The effect of these drugs was studied after topical applications on the round window membrane (RWM) and systemic intravenous administrations. CBF was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF). Topical administration of sodium nitroprusside was the most effective in increasing CBF, followed, in order, by hydralazine and histamine. No change in CBF was observed for papaverine, verapamil or nicotinic acid. Systemic administrations of all the agents caused a marked decrease in blood pressure and variable effects on CBF. We discuss the CBF changes in relation to the different pharmacological mechanisms of action of each drug. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of topical application of vasodilating agents in increasing CBF.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30211/1/0000601.pd

Совершенствование организационных структур управления

Материалы IV Республик. науч. конф. студентов, магистрантов и аспирантов, Гомель, 12 мая 2011 г

Evaluation of genome-wide loci of iron metabolism in hereditary hemochromatosis identifies PCSK7 as a host risk factor of liver cirrhosis

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed genetic determinants of iron metabolism, but correlation of these with clinical phenotypes is pending. Homozygosity for HFE C282Y is the predominant genetic risk factor for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and may cause liver cirrhosis. However, this genotype has a low penetrance. Thus, detection of yet unknown genetic markers that identify patients at risk of developing severe liver disease is necessary for better prevention. Genetic loci associated with iron metabolism (TF, TMPRSS6, PCSK7, TFR2 and Chr2p14) in recent GWAS and liver fibrosis (PNPLA3) in recent meta-analysis were analyzed for association with either liver cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis in 148 German HFE C282Y homozygotes. Replication of associations was sought in additional 499 Austrian/Swiss and 112 HFE C282Y homozygotes from Sweden. Only variant rs236918 in the PCSK7 gene (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7) was associated with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis (P = 1.02 × 10−5) in the German cohort with genotypic odds ratios of 3.56 (95% CI 1.29-9.77) for CG heterozygotes and 5.38 (95% CI 2.39-12.10) for C allele carriers. Association between rs236918 and cirrhosis was confirmed in Austrian/Swiss HFE C282Y homozygotes (P = 0.014; ORallelic = 1.82 (95% CI 1.12-2.95) but not in Swedish patients. Post hoc combined analyses of German/Swiss/Austrian patients with available liver histology (N = 244, P = 0.00014, ORallelic = 2.84) and of males only (N = 431, P = 2.17 × 10−5, ORallelic = 2.54) were consistent with the premier finding. Association between rs236918 and cirrhosis was not confirmed in alcoholic cirrhotics, suggesting specificity of this genetic risk factor for HH. PCSK7 variant rs236918 is a risk factor for cirrhosis in HH patients homozygous for the HFE C282Y mutatio

Evaluation of genome-wide loci of iron metabolism in hereditary hemochromatosis identifies PCSK7 as a host risk factor of liver cirrhosis

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed genetic determinants of iron metabolism, but correlation of these with clinical phenotypes is pending. Homozygosity for HFE C282Y is the predominant genetic risk factor for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and may cause liver cirrhosis. However, this genotype has a low penetrance. Thus, detection of yet unknown genetic markers that identify patients at risk of developing severe liver disease is necessary for better prevention. Genetic loci associated with iron metabolism (TF, TMPRSS6, PCSK7, TFR2 and Chr2p14) in recent GWAS and liver fibrosis (PNPLA3) in recent meta-analysis were analyzed for association with either liver cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis in 148 German HFE C282Y homozygotes. Replication of associations was sought in additional 499 Austrian/Swiss and 112 HFE C282Y homozygotes from Sweden. Only variant rs236918 in the PCSK7 gene (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7) was associated with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis (P = 1.02 × 10(-5)) in the German cohort with genotypic odds ratios of 3.56 (95% CI 1.29-9.77) for CG heterozygotes and 5.38 (95% CI 2.39-12.10) for C allele carriers. Association between rs236918 and cirrhosis was confirmed in Austrian/Swiss HFE C282Y homozygotes (P = 0.014; ORallelic = 1.82 (95% CI 1.12-2.95) but not in Swedish patients. Post hoc combined analyses of German/Swiss/Austrian patients with available liver histology (N = 244, P = 0.00014, ORallelic = 2.84) and of males only (N = 431, P = 2.17 × 10(-5), ORallelic = 2.54) were consistent with the premier finding. Association between rs236918 and cirrhosis was not confirmed in alcoholic cirrhotics, suggesting specificity of this genetic risk factor for HH. PCSK7 variant rs236918 is a risk factor for cirrhosis in HH patients homozygous for the HFE C282Y mutation

Corticosteroid Treatment of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Randomized Triple-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective: To compare the effect of Prednisolone and placebo on the recovery of unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanStudy Design: Prospective, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanSetting: Four tertiary and 10 secondary referral centers. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPatients: Of 103 patients randomly assigned, 93 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The patients, aged 18 to 80 years, were seeking care within 1 week after onset of acute unilateral sensorineural hearing loss with a mean decrease of 30 dB or greater in the 3 most affected contiguous frequencies. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanIntervention: Patients were randomly assigned in permuted blocks of 10 to receive Prednisolone or placebo in tapering doses from 60 mg for 3 days and, thereafter, 10 mg less each day until Day 8. If complete recovery, no more medication given, otherwise medication continued at 10 mg per day until Day 30. Final follow-up was after 3 months with audiogram; 47 patients received Prednisolone and 46 placebo. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMain Outcome Measure: The primary endpoint was efficacy of treatment on recovery at Day 90. Secondary endpoints were prognostic factors for hearing recovery. Analyses were by modified intention-to-treat and per protocol. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Hearing improvement for 47 Prednisolone-treated patients was 25.5 +/- 27.1 dB compared to 26.4 +/- 26.2 dB for 46 placebo-treated patients at Day 8 and 39 +/- 20.1 dB versus 35.1 +/- 38.3 dB after 3 months. Vertigo had significant negative effect on hearing improvement and inflammatory signs in the laboratory workup-a positive prognostic effect, irrespective of treatment. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: Prednisolone in customary dosage does not seem to influence recovery of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.Funding Agencies|Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS)||County Council of Ostergotland||Stiftelsen Tysta Skolan||Acta Oto-Laryngologica stipendium|