187 research outputs found
Analyses of 100 Gbps Coherent System Performances
This paper presents the results of laboratory and field testing of coherent 100 Gbps system with DP-QPSK modulation. Several measurements were performed including power budget, nonlinear threshold, spectrum filtration, constellation diagram, interoperability with 10 Gbps lambdas and dispersion compensation type impact. Field tests addressed transmission of 100 Gbps signal as an Alien Wavelength through multivendor network, influence of photonic service parallel to 100 Gbps signal and performance of 100 Gbps system over single fiber bidirectional transmission lines. 100 Gbps system has been found extremely resilient to most classical impairments thanks to advances error coding and compatible with standard 10 Gbps NRZ lambdas and any type of dispersion compensation. The system was also working over single fiber bidirectional lines and in parallel with Photonic Service of time transfer. The paper also shows recent results of single hop test with 100 Gbps system in laboratory environment
Field trajectories proposals as a tool for increasing work efficiency and sustainable land management
ArticleTogether with the requirement for higher productivity the average performance and the
weight of agricultural machines are increasing. Agricultural land is increasingly exposed to
pressures caused by agricultural machinery. The heavy agricultural machinery
passes across a
field are frequently associated with technogenic soil compaction. Soil compaction is one of the
main problems of modern agriculture. From the previous measuring of the traffic intensity it was
found 86.13
%
of the total field area was run
-
o
ver with a machine at least once a year, when using
conventional tillage and 63.75
%
of the total field area was run
-
over when using direct seeding
technology, with dependence on the working width of the machines. Field passes are inevitable
in present agri
culture. As a result of the increase of total machines weight, it is necessary to
optimize the traffic lines trajectories and limit the entries of the machines in the field. At present,
the choice of traffic lines direction is based primarily on the experi
ence of drivers or the practice
of farmers. There are a number of influences that affect the machine work efficiency. Monitoring
of the tractor, on an irregular 8 fields showed the following results. Eight
-
meter working width
tiller or seeder brought short
ening of total length of turns at headlands with the change in
trajectory azimuth. For purposes of measuring the monitored tractors were equipped with
monitoring units ITineris. An overview of the chosen directions of the trajectories and the lengths
of wo
rking and non
-
working passes was obtained. Based on the shape of the plot, the trajectory
of the lines was also modelled. Suitable traffic lines directions in terms of the ratio of work and
non
-
work passes were searched.
Based on records of real trajectori
es, the ratio of working and non
-
working path ranged between
6.3 and 15.2%. It was obvious from the results that the shortening of non
-
working passes and
turns in comparison with the originally chosen trajectory directions was achieved by optimization.
Thi
s was especially valid for complex shapes of fields. Trajectory optimization leads to a
reduction of total le
n
g
th
of path in all cases. The reduction in total length of path ranged from
69.7
m to 1
,
004.8
m. Changing the length of the working path ranged fr
om 10.9
m to 264.9
m
with the change in azimuth. The extension was observed in three cases. The highest part on the
change of the overall length of the path presented nonworking rides
Perceptions of institutional complexity and lobbyists’ decisions to join lobbying coalitions – evidence from the European Union context
YesWe use data from in-depth interviews with business lobbyists in Brussels to
investigate why they choose to join lobbying coalitions. We find that
lobbyists face two competing institutional incentives. First, they are
confronted with incentives to ally with other European organisations,
develop multilateral policy messages, and communicate messages to the
Commission and the Parliament. Simultaneously, they face inducements to
join narrower coalitions, develop bilateral policy messages, and direct
those messages at the Council. Lobbyists’ receptivity to these incentives –
and thus their choices of lobbying coalitions – differs with their age,
educational background, and with the type and ownership structure of the
organisations they represent. Combined, our findings contribute to the
limited, mainly American literature on interest coalitions by demonstrating
that lobbyists operate in complex institutional environments, and that their
interpretations of and reactions to institutional complexity are shaped by
individual- and organisational-level factors
Multi-round trust game quantifies inter-individual differences in social exchange from adolescence to adulthood
Investing in strangers in a socio-economic exchange is risky, as we may be uncertain whether they will reciprocate. Nevertheless, the potential rewards for cooperating can be great. Here, we used a cross sectional sample (n = 784) to study how the challenges of cooperation versus defection are negotiated across an important period of the lifespan: from adolescence to young adulthood (ages 14 to 25). We quantified social behaviour using a multi round investor-trustee task, phenotyping individuals using a validated model whose parameters characterise patterns of real exchange and constitute latent social characteristics. We found highly significant differences in investment behaviour according to age, sex, socio-economic status and IQ. Consistent with the literature, we showed an overall trend towards higher trust from adolescence to young adulthood but, in a novel finding, we characterized key cognitive mechanisms explaining this, especially regarding socio-economic risk aversion. Males showed lower risk-aversion, associated with greater investments. We also found that inequality aversion was higher in females and, in a novel relation, that socio-economic deprivation was associated with more risk averse play
The effect of N-stearoylethanolamine on the lipid composition of the rat testes and testosterone level during the early stages of streptozotocin-Ń–nduced diabetes
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with multiorgan complications, including reproductive system dysfunction where lipid imbalance of germ cells play an important role. N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) shows a modulatory effect on the lipid composition under different pathologies. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the NSE effect on the testes lipid composition and testosterone level in plasma of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg). Animals with glucose levels of 8-12 mmol/l were further selected. NSE was administrated to rats (50 mg/kg) for 10 days at 1.5 months after the streptozotocin injection. The rat testes were used for lipid analysis, namely, phospholipid level, fatty acid methyl esters and plasma testosterone estimation. NSE administration to diabetic rats triggered normalization of total and individual phospholipid content, as well as composition of free and phospholipids fatty acids in the rat testes. In addition, the testosterone content showed a slight increase under the action of NSE. Our results showed that the early stages of diabetes caused destructive changes in rat testes that may induce a decrease in future testicular function. NSE administration to diabetic rats normalized the lipid content of rat testes and was correlated with an increased testosterone level. NSE induced the restoration of testes structure and function during the early stages of streptozotocin-Ń–nduced diabetes in rats
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