Table_1_Proteomic Analysis of Zika Virus Infected Primary Human Fetal Neural Progenitors Suggests a Role for Doublecortin in the Pathological Consequences of Infection in the Cortex.xlsx

<p>Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with severe neurological defects in fetuses and newborns, such as microcephaly. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, proteomic analysis on ZIKV-infected primary human fetal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) revealed that virus infection altered levels of cellular proteins involved in NPC proliferation, differentiation and migration. The transcriptional levels of some of the altered targets were also confirmed by qRT-PCR. Among the altered proteins, doublecortin (DCX) plays an important role in NPC differentiation and migration. Results showed that ZIKV infection downregulated DCX, at both mRNA and protein levels, as early as 1 day post infection (1 dpi), and lasted throughout the virus replication cycle (4 days). The downregulation of DCX was also observed in a ZIKV-infected fetal mouse brain model, which displayed decreased body weight, brain size and weight, as well as defective cortex structure. By screening the ten viral proteins of ZIKV, we found that both the expression of NS4A and NS5 were correlated with the downregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of DCX in NPCs. These data suggest that DCX is modulated following infection of the brain by ZIKV. How these observed changes of DCX expression translate in the pathological consequences of ZIKV infection and if other cellular proteins are equally involved remains to be investigated.</p

Changes in Birth Weight between 2002 and 2012 in Guangzhou, China

<div><p>Background</p><p>Recent surveillance data suggest that mean birth weight has begun to decline in several developed countries. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in birth weight among singleton live births from 2002 to 2012 in Guangzhou, one of the most rapidly developed cities in China.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We used data from the Guangzhou Perinatal Health Care and Delivery Surveillance System for 34108 and 54575 singleton live births with 28–41 weeks of gestation, who were born to local mothers, in 2002 and 2012, respectively. The trends in birth weight, small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age and gestational length were explored in the overall population and gestational age subgroups.</p><p>Results</p><p>The mean birth weight decreased from 3162 g in 2002 to 3137 g in 2012 (crude mean difference, −25 g; 95% CI, −30 to −19). The adjusted change in mean birth weight appeared to be slight (−6 g from 2002 to 2012) after controlling for maternal age, gestational age, educational level, parity, newborn's gender and delivery mode. The percentages of SGA and LGA in 2012 were 0.6% and 1.5% lower than those in 2002, respectively. The mean gestational age dropped from 39.2 weeks in 2002 to 38.9 weeks in 2012. In the stratified analysis, we observed the changes in birth weight differed among gestational age groups. The mean birth weight decreased among very preterm births (28–31 weeks), while remained relatively stable among other gestational age subcategories.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Among local population in Guangzhou from 2002 to 2012, birth weight appeared to slightly decrease. The percentage of SGA and LGA also simultaneously dropped, indicating that newborns might gain a healthier weight for gestational age.</p></div

Percentage of singleton live births with SGA, AGA and LGA, by maternal and newborn characteristics in 2002 and 2012.

<p>SGA, small for gestational age; AGA, appropriate size for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age.</p><p>^* Standardized to the 2002.</p><p>Percentage of singleton live births with SGA, AGA and LGA, by maternal and newborn characteristics in 2002 and 2012.</p

Maternal and newborn characteristics among singleton live births in 2002 and 2012.

<p>Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or n(%).</p><p>Maternal and newborn characteristics among singleton live births in 2002 and 2012.</p

Changes in birth weight among singleton live births between 2002 and 2012.

<p>Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.</p><p>^* Adjusted for maternal age, gestational age, educational level, parity, newborn's gender and delivery mode.</p><p>^** Adjusted for maternal age, educational level, parity, newborn's gender and delivery mode.</p><p>Changes in birth weight among singleton live births between 2002 and 2012.</p

Percentage distribution of singleton live births by birthweight, born in 2002 and 2012.

<p>(A, 28–41 completed weeks of gestation; B, 28–31 completed weeks of gestation; C, 32–36 completed weeks of gestation; D, 37–38 completed weeks of gestation; E, 39–40 completed weeks of gestation; F, 41 completed weeks of gestation).</p

Additional file 1: of Early life vitamin D status and asthma and wheeze: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplementary Materials. (DOCX 290 kb)

Návrh mobilního robotu s kolovým podvozkem

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta strojní. Katedra (354) robototechnik

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Anterograde monosynaptic transneuronal tracers derived from herpes simplex virus 1 strain H129

Application of H129-G4 in tree shrew (a) Comparison of mouse and tree shrew brains. The brains of adult mouse and tree shrew are imaged with top (left) or side view (middle) after perfusion and fixation. The average size and weight of the brains are presented (right) as mean ± SD (standard deviation) from 5 animals in each group. (b-g) Tracing results H129-G4 in tree threw M1 circuit. H129-G4 and CTB were injected into the M1of adult tree shrews, and the brains were perfused at 6 dpi. Representative images of the coronal brain sections are presented, and the boxed regions are displayed with a higher magnification. M1, primary motor cortex; IRd, infraradiata dorsalis; Pir, piriform cortex; Pu, putamen; Cl, claustrum (Cl); PC, paracentral thalamic nucleus; VL, ventrolateral thalamic nucleus; V1, primary visual cortex. (h) A representative H129-G4 labeled single neuron in tree threw. A representative GFP-labeled neuron around the injection site is shown, and the magnified images of the apical (h1-h3) and basal dendrites (h4) are presented in the right panels. (PDF 3120 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Anterograde monosynaptic transneuronal tracers derived from herpes simplex virus 1 strain H129

The microfluidic plate (a) The schematic structure diagram of the microfluidic system. (b) Axons through the microchannels. Freshly isolated fetal mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons were seeded into one chamber of the microfluidic plate, and cultured for 7 days with positive hydrostatic pressure in the soma chamber. Then the plate was disassembled and stained with antibodies against Tau and Map2. Shown is the representative image from 3 plates. (c) Pre- and post-synaptic markers in the afferent chamber. Neurons were sequentially plated into both chambers at Day 1 and Day 5 respectively, and cultured for additional 7 days with positive hydrostatic pressure in the efferent chamber. The plate was disassembled on Day 12 and stained for pre-synaptic marker synaptophysin (SYP) and post-synaptic marker PSD-95. The nuclei were counterstain with Hoechst dye. Shown is the representative image from 3 plates. (d) No inter-compartment leakage between the chambers. Vero cells were cultured in one chamber with positive hydrostatic pressure, and H129-G4 was added into the opposite chamber to a final concentration of 2.5 × 109 pfu/ml. The GFP signal in the Vero cell culture chamber was monitored, and show is the representative image at 72 hpi. (PDF 676 kb