Oribatid assemblies of tropical high mountains on some points of the “Gondwana-Bridge” – a case study

This work is the first part of a series of studies, which introduces the methodological possibilities of coenological and zoogeographical indication and – following the climate, vegetation and elevation zones – the pattern-describing analysis of the main Oribatid sinusia of the world explored till our days.This current work is a case-study, which displays the comparison of 9 examination sites from 3 different geographical locations. On each location, three vegetation types have been examined: a plain rain-forest, a mossforest and a mountainous paramo. Analyses are based on the hitherto non-published genus-level database and coenological tables of the deceased János Balogh professor. Occurrence of 18 genera is going to be published as new data for the given zoogeographical region

Mode 1 and Mode 2 Analysis of Graphite/Epoxy Composites Using Double Cantilever Beam and End-Notched Flexure Tests

The critical strain energy release rates associated with debonding of the adhesive bondlines in graphite/epoxy IM6/3501-6 interlaminar fracture specimens were investigated. Two panels were manufactured for this investigation; however, panel two was layed-up incorrectly. As a result, data collected from Panel Two serves no real purpose in this investigation. Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens were used to determine the opening Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, G1(sub c), of uni-directional fiber re-inforced composites. The five specimens tested from Panel One had an average value of 946.42J/sq m for G1(sub c) with an acceptable coefficient of variation. The critical strain energy release rate, G2(sub c), for initiation of delamination under inplane shear loading was investigated using the End-Notched Flexure (ENF) Test. Four specimens were tested from Panel One and an average value of 584.98J/sq m for G2(sub c) was calculated. Calculations from the DCB and ENF test results for Panel One represent typical values of G1(sub c) and G2(sub c) for the adhesive debonding in the material studied in this investigation

Regionalisierung von Anbausystemen des ökologischen Landbaus [Regionalisation of cropping systems in organic agriculture]

Problemstellung/ Ziele: Der Ökologische Landbau wird - im Gegensatz zum konventionellen Landbau - in seinen ökonomisch und ökologisch Leistungen deutlich stärker von den natürlichen Standortbedingungen (Bodenqualität, Witterung) beeinflusst. Dies ist bei der regionalen Abbildung und Bewertung von Anbausystemen bzw. -verfahren des Ökologischen Landbaus zu berücksichtigen. Bisher findet dies aber aus Mangel an regionalisierenden Abschätzungs- und Bewertungsalgorithmen in Wissenschaft und Beratung nur ungenügend statt. Neben Fruchtfolgen sind Anbauverfahren der verschiedener Fruchtarten das wesentliche Element zur Charakterisierung von Anbausystemen in Abhängigkeit der Betriebstrukturen. Eine prinzipielle Methodik zur Generierung und Bewertung von anbauverfahren und daraus generierten Fruchtfolgen für den Ökologischen Landbau wurde bereits an anderer Stelle vorgestellt. Im bisherigen Ansatz werden regionale Unterschiede jedoch nur unbefriedigend berücksichtigt. Ein möglicher Regionalisierungsansatz soll im Folgenden dargestellt werden. Sowohl für die regionale Bewertung des Ökologischen landbaus in Hinblick auf dessen ökonomische wie auch ökologischen Leistungen, als auch für die einzelbetriebliche, strategische Planung, ist eine möglichst detaillierte Abschätzung des Einflusses der Bodenqualität in Kombination mit regionalen Witterungsverhältnissen, sowohl auf die Gestaltung von Fruchtfolgen, als auch die Gestaltung bzw. Auswahl von Anbauverfahren einzelner Fruchtarten mit ihren zeitlichen Abläufen notwendig

Fractal Conductance Fluctuations of Classical Origin

In mesoscopic systems conductance fluctuations are a sensitive probe of electron dynamics and chaotic phenomena. We show that the conductance of a purely classical chaotic system with either fully chaotic or mixed phase space generically exhibits fractal conductance fluctuations unrelated to quantum interference. This might explain the unexpected dependence of the fractal dimension of the conductance curves on the (quantum) phase breaking length observed in experiments on semiconductor quantum dots.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PR

Influence of Refractive Index Differences on the Signal Strength for Raman-Spectroscopic Measurements of Double Emulsion Droplets

Double emulsions show great potential for encapsulating active substances and protecting them against external influences. However, they tend to become unstable during storage. Research on double emulsions, therefore, focuses on maintaining their microstructure during their shelf life. Optical measurement methods, such as Raman spectroscopy, have hardly been used to date to analyze the microstructure of double emulsions, mainly due to multiple scattering effects. This study investigates the influence of refractive index matching of double emulsion phases by measuring the Raman signal strength of the inner water phase for different refractive index combinations. Ammonium nitrate and glycerol are added to the inner and outer water phase, respectively, to change the refractive indices of both phases. Additionally, polyvinyl alcohol serves as an emulsifier in the outer water phase. The oil phase consists of silicone oil and Dowsil Resin XR 0497 as the emulsifier. The refractive index of the oil phase is kept constant. For individual phase boundaries of single droplets, the refractive index matching plays a minor role. However, if there are many droplets with correspondingly numerous phase boundaries, which leads to multiple scattering during the measurement, the matching has a significant influence on the signal strength of the inner phase. When measuring double emulsions, the phases should always be matched, as this results in higher signals and improves the sensitivity of the measurement

Measurement of the Filling Degree and Droplet Size of Individual Double Emulsion Droplets Using Raman Technologies

Double emulsions arouse great interest in various industries due to their ability to encapsulate value-adding ingredients. However, they tend to be unstable due to their complex structure. Several measurement techniques have already been developed to study and monitor the stability of double emulsions. Especially for the measurement of the filling degree of double emulsions, so far there is no reliable method available. In this paper, a measurement system is presented that can measure the filling degree of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions by both spectrometrical and photometrical means. The method is based on the Raman effect and does not require any sample preparation, and the measurement has no negative influence on the double emulsion. It is shown that both spectrometric and photometric Raman techniques can reliably distinguish between double emulsions with filling degrees that have a 0.5% difference. Additionally, oil droplet sizes can be photometrically measured. Furthermore, the measurement system can be integrated into both inline and online emulsification processes

Monitoring of Osmotic Swelling Induced Filling Degree Changes in WOW Double Emulsions Using Raman Technologies

Due to their nested structure, double emulsions have the potential to encapsulate value-adding substances until their application, making them of interest to various industries. However, the complex, nested structure negatively affects the stability of double emulsions. Still, there is a lack of suitable measurement technology to fundamentally understand the cause of the instability mechanisms taking place. This study presents a novel measurement method to continuously track filling degree changes due to water diffusion in a water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsion droplet. The measurement method is based on the Raman effect and provides both photometric and spectrometric data. No sample preparation is required, and the measurement does not affect the double emulsion droplet

A new life for sterile neutrino dark matter after the pandemic

We propose a novel mechanism to generate sterile neutrinos $\nu_s$ in theearly Universe, by converting ordinary neutrinos $\nu_\alpha$ in scatteringprocesses $\nu_s\nu_\alpha\to\nu_s\nu_s$. After initial production byoscillations, this leads to an exponential growth in the $\nu_s$ abundance. Weshow that such a production regime naturally occurs for self-interacting$\nu_s$, and that this opens up significant new parameter space where $\nu_s$make up all of the observed dark matter. Our results provide strong motivationto further push the sensitivity of X-ray line searches, and to improve onconstraints from structure formation.<br