92 research outputs found
Automatic speech recognition research at NASA-Ames Research Center
A trainable acoustic pattern recognizer manufactured by Scope Electronics is presented. The voice command system VCS encodes speech by sampling 16 bandpass filters with center frequencies in the range from 200 to 5000 Hz. Variations in speaking rate are compensated for by a compression algorithm that subdivides each utterance into eight subintervals in such a way that the amount of spectral change within each subinterval is the same. The recorded filter values within each subinterval are then reduced to a 15-bit representation, giving a 120-bit encoding for each utterance. The VCS incorporates a simple recognition algorithm that utilizes five training samples of each word in a vocabulary of up to 24 words. The recognition rate of approximately 85 percent correct for untrained speakers and 94 percent correct for trained speakers was not considered adequate for flight systems use. Therefore, the built-in recognition algorithm was disabled, and the VCS was modified to transmit 120-bit encodings to an external computer for recognition
Truncating the Y-Axis: Threat or Menace?
Bar charts with y-axes that don't begin at zero can visually exaggerate
effect sizes. However, advice for whether or not to truncate the y-axis can be
equivocal for other visualization types. In this paper we present examples of
visualizations where this y-axis truncation can be beneficial as well as
harmful, depending on the communicative and analytic intent. We also present
the results of a series of crowd-sourced experiments in which we examine how
y-axis truncation impacts subjective effect size across visualization types,
and we explore alternative designs that more directly alert viewers to this
truncation. We find that the subjective impact of axis truncation is persistent
across visualizations designs, even for designs with explicit visual cues that
indicate truncation has taken place. We suggest that designers consider the
scale of the meaningful effect sizes and variation they intend to communicate,
regardless of the visual encoding
1993 Progress Reports
The 1993 Progress Reports which contain Blueberry Tax Supported Weed Management and Pruning Project Reports, and CSRS Supported Weed Management and Pruning Project Reports, pertain to and report on research conducted in 1992. They were prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:
Progress Reports
1. Effects of Irrigation on Low bush Blueberry Yield and Quality
2. Economics of Investing in Irrigation for Lowbush Blueberries
3. Diammonium Phosphate Study
4. Phosphorus Dose/Response Curve
5. Winter Injury Protection by Potassium
6. Multiple Cropping of Wild Stands
7. Effect of Boron on Lowbush Blueberry Fruit Set and Yield
8.Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Freshly Harvested and Processed Lowbush Blueberries
9. Effects of Calcium Salts and Citric Acids on the Quality of Canned Lowbush Blueberries- missing
10. Investigation of PreProcess Changes- missing
11. The Effect of Fertilization and Irrigation on Blueberry Fruit Control - missing
12. Pollination Ecology of Lowbush Blueberry in Maine
13. Control of Secondary Blueberry Pests
14. Control of Blueberry Maggot
15. Biology and Action Thresholds of Secondary Blueberry Pests
16. Cold-Hardiness of Native Lowbush Blueberries
17. Design, Fabrication, and Testing of an Experimental Sterilizer for Blueberry Fields
18. Canned Product Quality - Heat Resistant Molds
19. Sanitation for Disease Control
Blueberry Tax Supported Weed Management and Pruning Project Reports
20. Evaluation of Postemergence Applications of Tribenuron Methyl for Bunchberry Control
21. Comparison of Poast and Select for Suppression of Bunchgrass
22. Effect of Time of Fall Pruning on Growth and Productivity of Blueberries. and Evaluation of Infrared Burner to Prune Blueberries
23. Evaluation of Velpar impregnated DAP for weed control
24. Thresholds of Dogbane and Bracken Fern for Mechanical and Chemical Control in Lowbush Blueberry Fields
25. Effect of Time and Rate of Application of Clopyralid for Control of Vetch in Lowbush Blueberries
26. Hexazinone Ground Water Survey
27. Composting Blueberry Processing Waste
28. Hexazinone Movement in a Blueberry Soil in Maine
CSRS Supported Weed Management and Pruning Project Reports
29. Evaluation of the Suitability of Remote Sensing to Evaluate Plant Cover in Lowbush Blueberry Fields
30. Obstruction Removal in Lowbush Blueberry Fields
31. Evaluation of Pressurized Rope Wick Wick Master Wiper for Treating Weeds Growing Above Lowbush Blueberries
32. Evaluation of Infrared Burner for Weed Control
33. Blueberry Extension Education Program Base
Miscellaneous
34. Comparison of N, NP, and NPK Fertilizers to Correct Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deficienc
Knowledge translation of the American College of Emergency Physicians’ clinical policy on syncope using computerized clinical decision support
1992 Blueberry Research Progress Reports
The 1992 Blueberry Research Progress Reports pertain to and report on research conducted in 1991, and were prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:
1992 CSRS Progress Reports:
1. Investigation of Groundwater Resources
2. Sprinkler Irrigation
3. Investigation of Preprocess Changes Leading to Berry Spoilage
4. Effect of Fertilization and Irrigation on Blueberry Quality
5. Effects of Calcium Salts and Citric Acid on Quality of Canned Lowbush Blueberries
6. Pollination of Lowbush Blueberry by Native Bees
7. Application of Heat for Controlling Insects
8. Investigations of Lowbush Blueberry Fruit Bud Cold-Hardiness
9. Steam Sterilization in Lowbush Blueberry Fields
10. Heat-Tolerant Molds
11. Vacuum Sanitation for Disease Control
12. Evaluation of Infrared Burner for Weed Control
13. Evaluation and Modification of Commercial Herbicide Wipers
14. Evaluation of Remote Sensing to Estimate Plant Cover in Lowbush Blueberry Fields
15. Comparison of Three Mechanical Blueberry Harvesters vs. Hand Raking
Advisory Committee Research Reports:
16. Biology and action thresholds of secondary blueberry insects
17. Control of secondary blueberry pests
18. Control of blueberry maggot
19. Effects of calcium salts and citric acid on the quality of canned lowbush blueberries
20. The effects of postharvest handling on the dietary fiber and ellagic acid content of lowbush blueberries
21. Investigation of preprocessing changes that could lead to development of simple and inexpensive method to measure preprocessing berry spoilage
22. Determination of pesticide residue levels in fresh and processed lowbush blueberries
23. Vacuum sanitation for disease control
24. Heat-tolerant molds
25. Seedling pruning study
26. Effect of time and rate of application of Clopyralid for control of Vetch in lowbush blueberries
27. Evaluation and modification of commercial herbicide wipers
28. Effect of time of application and formulation of Hexazinone (Velpar) on Blueberry and Bunchberry
29. Evaluation of postemergence applications of Tribenuron Methyl for Bunchberry control
30. Thresholds of Dogbane and Bracken Fern by mechanical and chemical control in lowbush blueberry fields
31. Evaluation of the suitability of remote sensing to evaluate plant cover in lowbush blueberry fields
32. Evalution of infrared burner for weed control
33. Effect of time of fall pruning on growth and productivity of blueberry and evaluation of infrared burner to prune blueberries
34. Effect of Boron on lowbush blueberry fruit set and yield
35. Winter injury protection by potassium
36. Multiple cropping of wild stands
37. Nitrogen-Phosphorus study
38. Phosphorus dose/response curve
39. Investigations of lowbush blueberry fruit bud cold-hardines
1993-94 Progress Report
The 1993 edition of the Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:
1. Effects of irrigation on lowbush blueberry yield and quality
2. The Economics of investigating irrigation for lowbush blueberries
3. Phosphorus dose/response curve
4. Winter injury protection by potassium
5. Multiple cropping of wild stands
6. Effect of Boron and Calcium on lowbush blueberry fruit set and yield
7. Comparison of N, NP, and NPK fertilizers to correct nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency
8. Determination of pesticide residue levels in freshly harvested and processed lowbush blueberries
9. Effects of calcium salts and citric acid on the quality of canned lowbush blueberries
10. Investigation of preprocess changes (chemical, microbiological, and/or physical) that can lead to the development of a simple and inexpensive method to measure preprocess berry spoilage
11. The effect of fertilization and irrigation in blueberry fruit quality
12. Pollination Ecology of lowbush blueberry in Maine
13. Current importance of insects in lowbush blueberry fields
14. Application of heat as a method of controlling secondary pest insects on lowbush blueberry: a feasibility study
15. Control of blueberry maggot
16. Control of secondary blueberry pest insects
17. Biology and action thresholds of secondary blueberry pest insects
18. Cold-hardiness of native lowbush blueberry
19. Design, fabrication, and testing of an experimental sterilizer for blueberry fields
20. Canned Product Quality--Heat-resistant molds
21. Sanitation for disease control
22. Evaluation of Velpar® impregnated DAP and Pronone® for weed control
23. Evaluation of postemergence applications of tribenuron methyl for bunchberry control
24. Evaluation of postemergence applications of a tank mix of tribenuron methyl and hexazinone for bunchberry control
25. Thresholds of dogbane and bracken fem by mechanical and chemical control in lowbush blueberry fields
26. Effect of time of application of clopyralid for control of vetch and effect on flowering in lowbush blueberries
27. Effect of time of fall pruning on growth and productivity of blueberries and evaluation of infrared burner to prune blueberries
28. Evaluation of infrared burner for selective seedling weed control
29. Evaluation of pressurized rope wick Wick Master wiper for treating weeds growing above lowbush blueberries
30. Blueberry Extension Education Program Base
31. Blueberry ICM program for Hancock County
32. Composting blueberry processing waste
33. Hexazinone ground water survey
34. Investigations of Lowbush Blueberry Fruit bud Cold-hardiness
35. Design, Fabrication, and Testing of an Experimental Sterilizer for Blueberry Field
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Vulnerability to climate change of managed stocks in the California Current large marine ecosystem
Introduction: Understanding how abundance, productivity and distribution of individual species may respond to climate change is a critical first step towards anticipating alterations in marine ecosystem structure and function, as well as developing strategies to adapt to the full range of potential changes. Methods: This study applies the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Fisheries Climate Vulnerability Assessment method to 64 federally-managed species in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem to assess their vulnerability to climate change, where vulnerability is a function of a species’ exposure to environmental change and its biological sensitivity to a set of environmental conditions, which includes components of its resiliency and adaptive capacity to respond to these new conditions. Results: Overall, two-thirds of the species were judged to have Moderate or greater vulnerability to climate change, and only one species was anticipated to have a positive response. Species classified as Highly or Very Highly vulnerable share one or more characteristics including: 1) having complex life histories that utilize a wide range of freshwater and marine habitats; 2) having habitat specialization, particularly for areas that are likely to experience increased hypoxia; 3) having long lifespans and low population growth rates; and/or 4) being of high commercial value combined with impacts from non-climate stressors such as anthropogenic habitat degradation. Species with Low or Moderate vulnerability are either habitat generalists, occupy deep-water habitats or are highly mobile and likely to shift their ranges. Discussion: As climate-related changes intensify, this work provides key information for both scientists and managers as they address the long-term sustainability of fisheries in the region. This information can inform near-term advice for prioritizing species-level data collection and research on climate impacts, help managers to determine when and where a precautionary approach might be warranted, in harvest or other management decisions, and help identify habitats or life history stages that might be especially effective to protect or restore
Ancestry of the Iban Is Predominantly Southeast Asian: Genetic Evidence from Autosomal, Mitochondrial, and Y Chromosomes
Humans reached present-day Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) in one of the first major human migrations out of Africa. Population movements in the millennia following this initial settlement are thought to have greatly influenced the genetic makeup of current inhabitants, yet the extent attributed to different events is not clear. Recent studies suggest that south-to-north gene flow largely influenced present-day patterns of genetic variation in Southeast Asian populations and that late Pleistocene and early Holocene migrations from Southeast Asia are responsible for a substantial proportion of ISEA ancestry. Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests that the ancestors of present-day inhabitants came mainly from north-to-south migrations from Taiwan and throughout ISEA approximately 4,000 years ago. We report a large-scale genetic analysis of human variation in the Iban population from the Malaysian state of Sarawak in northwestern Borneo, located in the center of ISEA. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers analyzed here suggest that the Iban exhibit greatest genetic similarity to Indonesian and mainland Southeast Asian populations. The most common non-recombining Y (NRY) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplogroups present in the Iban are associated with populations of Southeast Asia. We conclude that migrations from Southeast Asia made a large contribution to Iban ancestry, although evidence of potential gene flow from Taiwan is also seen in uniparentally inherited marker data
Books in Arabic Script
The chapter approaches the book in Arabic script as the indispensable means for the transmission of knowledge across Eurasia and Africa, within cultures and across cultural boundaries, since the seventh century ad. The state of research can be divided into manuscript and print studies, but there is not yet a history of the book in Arabic script that captures its plurilinear development for over fourteen hundred years. The chapter explores the conceptual and practical challenges that impede the integration of the book in Arabic script into book history at large and includes an extensive reference list that reflects its diversity.
The final published version was slightly updated, and includes seven illustrations of six Qurans from the holdings of Columbia University Libraries, four manuscripts and two printed versions. Moreover, the illustrations are images of historical artifacts which are in the public domain - despite Wiley's copyright claim
A Meta-analysis of Multiple Myeloma Risk Regions in African and European Ancestry Populations Identifies Putatively Functional Loci
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European populations have identified genetic risk variants associated with multiple myeloma (MM)
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