Vulnerability of Subaerial and Submarine Landscapes: The Sand Falls in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico

The coastal landscape of the south of the Baja California peninsula provides significant socio-economic benefits based on tourism. An analysis of coastal vulnerability was conducted for Cabo San Lucas, considering wave climate conditions, sediment characterization, beach profiles, and the historical occurrence of coastline changes, hurricanes, and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The coastal scenery was also classified considering the landscape value of the environment from a touristic point of view, based on human and natural interactions on the landscape. Results show that the vulnerability increases close to the submarine sand falls, near intense urbanization, in resort areas, and at locations with narrow beach and dune widths. The degree of vulnerability along the coast alters abruptly, as urban and recreational sites alternate with natural sites. This coastline has seen exponential development since the 1980s, resulting in highly vulnerable areas with a low, and decreasing, touristic value, as the landscape has been changed into an urban settlement with limited natural attractions. Urban and recreational settlements threaten to cover dunes and reservoirs of natural sediments, increasingly affecting vulnerability in the area as well as the landscape values of many parts of the coast, including the submarine sand falls.Funding is acknowledged from the Program of Postdoctoral Grants from II-UNAM and DGAPA-UNAM for the first author, for research studies 2014-2016, and from CONACYT for the Master studies of the second author

Ultrasound Application to Improve Meat Quality

High-intensity ultrasound offers an alternative to traditional methods of food preservation and is regarded as a green, versatile, popular, and promising emerging technology. Ultrasound generates acoustic cavitation in a liquid medium, developing physical forces that are considered the main mechanism responsible for the observed changes in exposed materials. In meat, ultrasound has been successfully used to improve processes such as mass transfer and marination, tenderization of meat ,and inactivation of microorganisms. It is also an alternative to traditional meat aging methods for improving the quality properties of meat. Moreover, the combination of ultrasonic energy with a sanitizing agent can improve the effect of microbial reduction in foods. This review describes recent potential applications of ultrasound in meat systems, as well as physical and chemical effects of ultrasound treatments on the conservation and modification of processed meat foods

Bienestar en ovinos y su evaluación

The objective of this paper is to review some factors that affect the welfare of sheep. However, it is necessary to know the behavioral characteristics of these animals, (social organization, sensory capacity, and cognition), in order to achieve good animal welfare levels, without compromising their productivity. In addition, it is necessary to assess sheep welfare, being necessary to know the protocols that are currently used for its evaluation.Objetivo: Analizar algunos factores que afectan el bienestar de los ovinos, así como conocer los protocolos que actualmente se emplean para su evaluación. Aproximación: Es necesario conocer las características conductuales de los ovinos (organización social, capacidad sensorial y cognición), con la finalidad de tener bienestar sin afectar su productividad. Además, se debe determinar el grado de bienestar de estos animales en los sistemas de producción por medio de indicadores fisiológicos, sanitarios, zootécnicos y de comportamiento

Effect of environmental temperature, floor type and breed on skatole and indole concentrations in fat of females, immuno-castrated and entire males

The present study was divided in two different trials. The aim of the first trial was to determine if the thresholds of detection of skatole and indole are achieved in females and in males vaccinated against the GnRF housed in two different type of floors and subject to control or high environmental temperatures. The aim of the second trial was to assess the effect of sire (Duroc crossbreed and Pietrain crossbreed) and heat stress on the concentration of skatole and indole in entire males. In the first trial, the animals subjected to heat stress on a concrete floor were found to be dirtier and to present higher skatole and indole concentrations than did animals from the control treatment in 100% slatted floors. In the second trial, although the animals were dirtier when subjected to high temperatures, no effect of the temperature was found in skatole/indole concentrations. The Duroc pigs were dirtier and had higher skatole and indole concentrations than did Pietrain pigs. It is concluded that even females or vaccinated males can reach values of skatole/indole close to the thresholds of sensory detection under conditions of dirtiness and heat stress. However, the relationship between heat, dirtiness and skatole/indole concentrations in fat were not confirmed in trial 2 using entire males.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Physicochemical properties and young adult consumer preference of dry-aged beef after high-intensity ultrasonication

This study aimed to determine the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU. F = 37 kHz, I = 28W/cm2, bath for 30 min, 5 °C) on physicochemical characteristics and sensorial preference of seven aged (23 d ageing) bovine muscles (L. dorsi lumborum, L. dorsi thoracis, Psoas major, Semimembranosus, Biceps femoris, Rectus femoris, and Gluteus medius). Muscles were randomly distributed in two treatments: with and without ultrasonication. Colour (L*, a*, b* and C*), water-holding capacity (WHC), and shear force (N) were determined before and after simulated retail display (SRD) in modified atmosphere packing (MAP; 75% O2: 25% CO2, 3 °C, 13 h led light exposition) for 5 d. Sensorial toughness was also evaluated at the end of the SRD. Ultrasonication slightly reduces 6–9% WHC of beef. HIU did not affect (p ˃ 0.05) water loss, meat colour, shear force and sensorial toughness of the meat. The Semimembranosus was the toughest muscle. Ultrasonication of 23-day-aged beef did not show improvements on quality characteristics, and despite minor changes in water loss and slight increase in shear force, consumers did not detect differences

Resource assessment of the marine current developed in the Cozumel Channel

Renewable energy based systems are expected to contribute on the reduction of greenhouse gases and carbon emission, while satisfying global energy demands. In Mexico, the Cozumel Channel located in the Caribbean Sea has been identified as a potential energy source in the region. Preliminary studies have shown that the ocean current is characterized by almost uniform and unidirectional flow velocities of up to 2.0 m/s within its mid-section with water depths > 500 m. Nevertheless, a detailed resource assessment in shallow waters of the Cozumel Channel is required to address sites potentially suitable for the installation of marine energy converters. Field measurements were taken during September 23rd-29th, 2018 to describe the spatial variation of the marine current velocities at various points along the east-side of the Cozumel Channel, at water depths less than 50 m. Flow velocities higher than 1.0 m/s were identified on the northern east of the Cozumel Channel, at a distance >600 m from the shoreline and over the continental shelf with water depths <50 m. Both energy and power intensity exceedance curves were developed from depth averaged velocities from ADCP measurements. Potential sites were identified where an array of marine energy converters could be installed preventing the devastation of the rich ecosphere renown in the region

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

High-intensity ultrasound applied on cured pork: Sensory and physicochemical characteristics

This research aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and their relationship with sensory properties of cured porcine m. longissimus lumborum assisted by high-intensity ultrasound (HIU, 37 kHz, 22 Wcm−2). An experiment was designed with three factors at two levels each: type of curing (immersion or ultrasound-assisted -UA-), immersion time (30 or 90 min), and steak thickness (1.27 or 2.54 cm). After treatment and 7 days of storage at 4°C, the percentage of salt, pH, CIE L* a* b* color, water holding capacity (WHC), and shear force were determined in the samples. A quantitative descriptive analysis was performed using eight trained panelists. The HIU significantly increased the percentage of NaCl (p &lt; .0005) and decreased the color saturation of the meat (p &lt; .05), but did not affect the luminosity, redness (a*), yellowness (b*), pH, WHC, or shear force (all p &gt; .05). The thickness of the steak had significant effects on almost all of the evaluated variables. Samples with 1.27 cm thickness had lower shear force, higher WHC and salt percentage (p &lt; .0001). In agreement with this, the sensory profiles showed that the 1.27 cm samples treated with HIU for 30 min were perceived as less tough (more tender) and juicier

Energy Yield Assessment from Ocean Currents in the Insular Shelf of Cozumel Island

Marine renewables represent a promising and innovative alternative source for satisfying the energy demands of growing populations while reducing the consumption of fossil fuels. Most technological advancements and energy yield assessments have focused on promoting the use of kinetic energy from tidal streams with flow velocities higher than 2.0 m s&#8722;1. However, slower-moving flows from ocean currents are recently explored due to their nearly continuous and unidirectional seasonal flows. In this study, the potential of the Yucatan Current was analysed at nearshore sites over the insular shelf of Cozumel Island in the Mexican Caribbean. Field measurements were undertaken using a vessel-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) to analyse the spatial distribution of flow velocities, along with Conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles as well as data gathering of bathymetry and water elevations. Northward directed flow velocities were identified, with increasing velocities just before the end of the strait of the Cozumel Channel, where average velocities in the region of 0.88&#8211;1.04 m s&#8722;1 were recorded. An estimation of power delivery using horizontal axis turbines was undertaken with Blade Element Momentum theory. It was estimated that nearly 3.2 MW could be supplied to Cozumel Island, amounting to about 10% of its electricity consumption

La necesidad de incorporar en la constitución política a la Pacha mama como sujeto de derecho

el presente trabajo académico aborda conceptualizaciones teóricas de orden constitucional y civil sobre la finalidad y sentido epistemológico de la Ley Fundamental, así como de la personalidad jurídica y la capacidad para ser sujeto de derecho; de la misma manera se desarrollarán tópicos referidos al origen y evolución de los derechos humanos y los conceptos doctrinarios de antropocentrismo y biocentrismo, pasando por revisiones ancestrales de los conceptos de Pacha Mama y Sumak kawsay, así como aproximaciones sociológicas relativas a la naturaleza, sociedad y novísimos desarrollos de ecología política y ética ambiental