38 research outputs found
Behavior of cortisol, ck and lactate in a session of variable resistance
Introduction: Complex Training (CT) has been used to achieve Post-activation Potentiation (PAP) of physical
capabilities and, in doing so, improve the sports performance of athletes. However, few studies have
considered alterations in serum Cortisol, Metabolic Creatine Kinase (MB-CK), Total Creatine Kinase (Total-CK),
and Lactate concentrations ([La]) resulting from this training method. Objective: This study determined the
behavior of the following blood serum substances in a CT session: Cortisol, MB-CK, Total CK and [La]. Method:
Ten military athlete volunteers aged 28.5 ± 4.8 years; 66.2 ± 2.8 kg, 171.4 ± 3.7 cm, 22.6 ± 1.2 kg/m2; 11.3 ±
2.9% of fat tissue took part in the study. The study had a quasi-experimental, intrasubject design. The variable
measurements were: Cortisol, MB-CK, Total-CK, and [La], measured before physical exercise and 24 hours
post-stress. The CT session consisted of: four series of five repetitions at 30% of 1RM, plus four repetitions at
60% of 1RM, plus three throws of a 575 g projectile, 15 seconds apart. The statistical analysis was carried out
through repeated measure ANOVA for Lactate and a Wilcoxon Matched Pairs t-Test for Cortisol, MB-CK and
Total-CK. Results: There was no evidence of alterations in the indicators for fatigue ([La] p = 0.36), and muscular
injury (Cortisol p = 0.16; MB-CK p = 0.23; Total-CK p = 0.64) after the training sessions. Conclusion: Variables
for muscular injury showed no evidence of alterations 24 hours after the CT sessions, hence confirming that
the workload did not generate significant post-stress muscular injury. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic Study:
Investigating Treatment Results
Effects of Training with Different Modes of Strength Intervention on Psychosocial Disorders in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This paper will be part of Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes Doctoral Thesis performed
in the Biomedicine Doctorate Program of the University of Granada, Spain.Physical exercise has a positive impact on anxiety and depression. However, the evidence that associates strength training with a decrease in adolescents' psychosocial disorders is scarce. Consequently, the objective was to analyze the effects of training with different modes of strength intervention on anxiety, stress, and depression in adolescents. The search was designed according to PRISMA (R). We searched WoS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE (2010-2020). Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration. The analysis was carried out with a standardized mean difference (SMD) pooled using the Hedges g test (95% CI). The Main Outcome Measures were: anxiety, stress, and depression in adolescents post strength training. Nine studies were included in the systematic review and seven in the meta-analysis. These studies showed a large and significant effect of strength training on anxiety (SMD = -1.75; CI = 95%: -3.03, -0.48; p = 0.007) and depression (SMD = -1.61; CI = 95%: -2.54, -0.67, p = 0.0007). In conclusion, training with different modes of strength intervention have shown control over anxiety and depression in adolescents. However, conventional strength training seems to have better results than other modes of strength intervention
Efecto de un método de Entrenamiento Intervalado de Alta Intensidad sobre el consumo máximo de oxígeno en escolares chilenos
Introduction: The low levels of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) evaluated in Chilean schoolchildren suggest the startup of trainings that improve the aerobic capacity. Objective: To analyze the effect of a High-intensity Interval Training method on maximum oxygen consumption in Chilean schoolchildren. Materials and methods: Thirty-two high school students from the eighth grade, who were divided into two groups, were part of the study (experimental group = 16 students and control group = 16 students). The main analyzed variable was the maximum oxygen consumption through the Course Navette Test. A High-intensity Interval training method was applied based on the maximum aerobic speed obtained through the Test. A mixed ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: The experimental group showed a significant increase in the Maximum Oxygen Consumption between the pretest and posttest when compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results of the study showed a positive effect of the High-intensity Interval Training on the maximum consumption of oxygen. At the end of the study, it is concluded that High-intensity Interval Training is a good stimulation methodology for Chilean schoolchildren
Influencia de la fuerza isométrica máxima sobre el tiempo en sprints de 20 metros
Introduction: The squat is an exercise that is widely used for the development of strength in sports. However,
considering that not all sports gestures are vertical, it is important to investigate the effectiveness of propulsive
force stimuli applied in different planes. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to determine the influence
of maximum isometric force (MIF) exerted on starting blocks over performance in 5, 10 and 20-meter sprints.
Methods: Seven high-level male sprinters (mean age ± SD = 28 ± 5.77 years) participated in this study. The
variables were: a) MIF in squats and on starting blocks (measured using a functional electromechanical dynamometer [FEMD]), b) time in 5, 10 and 20-m sprints and c) jump height (measured by the squat jump test). For
data analysis, a Pearson correlation was performed between the different variables. The criteria for interpreting
the strength of the r coefficients were as follows: trivial (<0.1), small (0.1−0.3), moderate (0.3−0.5), high (0.5−0.7),
very high (0.7−0.9), or practically perfect (>0.9). The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: There was very
high correlation between MIF exerted on starting blocks and performance in the first meters of the sprint
(5-m: r = -0.84, p = 0.01). However, there was small correlation between MIF in squats and performance in the
first meters of the sprint (5-m: r = -0.22, p < 0.62). Conclusion: The MIF applied on starting blocks correlates very
high with time in the first meters of the sprint in high-level athletes. In addition, the use of the FEMD provides
a wide range of possibilities for evaluation and development of strength with a controlled natural movement.
Level of evidence IV; Prognostic Studies - Case series.Introdução: O agachamento é um exercício amplamente utilizado para o desenvolvimento de força nos esportes. No
entanto, considerando que nem todos os gestos esportivos são verticais, é importante investigar a eficácia dos estímulos de
força propulsiva em diferentes planos. Objetivo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência da força isométrica
máxima (FIM) exercida em os blocos de largada sobre o desempenho em sprints de 5, 10 e 20 metros. Métodos: Sete velocistas
de alto nível do sexo masculino (média ± DP = 28,0 ± 5,77 anos) fizeram parte deste estudo. As variáveis foram: a) FIM no agachamento e nos blocos de largada (avaliados com um dinamômetro eletromecânico funcional (DEF)), b) tempo de sprints de 5,
10 e 20 metros e c) altura do salto (medida pelo teste de squat jump). Para análise dos dados, foi usada a correlação de Pearson
entre as diferentes variáveis. Os critérios para interpretar o coeficiente r foi: nulo (< 0,1), pequeno (0,1 a 0,3), moderado (0,3 a
0,5), alto (0,5 a 0,7), muito alto (0,7 a 0,9) ou praticamente perfeito (> 0,9). O nível de significância foi p < 0,05. Resultados: Houve
correlação muito alta entre a FIM exercida nos blocos de largada e o desempenho nos primeiros metros do sprint (5-m: r = -0,84,
p = 0,01). No entanto, a correlação entre o agachamento da FIM e os primeiros metros de sprint foi pequena
(5-m: r = -0,22, p < 0,62). Conclusão: A FIM aplicada aos blocos de largada teve uma correlação muito alto com o tempo
nos primeiros metros de sprint em atletas de alto nível. Além disso, o uso de um DEF oferece uma ampla gama de possibilidades para avaliar e desenvolver força com um movimento natural controlado. Nível de evidência IV; Estudos
Prognósticos – Série de casos.Introducción: La sentadilla es un ejercicio ampliamente usado para el desarrollo de fuerza en los deportes. Sin
embargo, considerando que no todos los gestos deportivos son verticales, es importante investigar la eficacia de los
estímulos de fuerza propulsiva en diferentes planos. Objetivo: El principal objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de la fuerza isométrica máxima (FIM) ejercida en los bloques de salida sobre el rendimiento en sprints de 5, 10 y
20 metros. Métodos: Siete velocistas de alto nivel del sexo masculino (promedio ± SD = 28,0 ± 5,7 años) formaron parte
de este estudio. Las variables fueron: a) FIM en la sentadilla y en los bloques de salida (evaluados con un dinamómetro
electromecánico funcional [DEF]) b) tiempo de sprints de 5, 10 y 20-metros y c) altura del salto (medida a través del test
de squat jump). Para el análisis de los datos se usó la correlación de Pearson entre las diferentes variables. Los criterios
para interpretar el coeficiente r fueron: nulo (<0,1), pequeño (0,1 a 0,3), moderado (0,3 a 0,5), alto (0,5 a 0,7), muy alto (0,7
a 0,9) o prácticamente perfecto (>0,9). El nivel de significancia fue p < 0,05. Resultados: Hubo correlación muy alta entre a FIM ejercida en los bloques de salida y el rendimiento en los primeros metros del sprint (5-m: r = -0,84, p = 0,01). Sin
embargo, la correlación entre la FIM en sentadilla y los primeros metros de sprint fue pequeña (5-m: r = -0,22, p < 0,62).
Conclusión: La FIM aplicada a los bloques de salida tuvo una correlación muy alta con el tiempo en los primeros metros
de sprint en atletas de alto nivel. Además, el uso de un DEF ofrece una amplia gama de posibilidades para evaluar y
desarrollar fuerza con un movimiento natural controlado. Nivel de evidencia IV; Estudios pronósticos: Serie de casos.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
RTI2018-099723-B-I0
Test–Retest Reliability of Functional Electromechanical Dynamometer on Five Sit-to-Stand Measures in Healthy Young Adults
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability for the strength
and movement velocity of the concentric phase from the five Sit-to-Stand (5STS), using three incremental loads measured by a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD) in healthy young
adults. Methods: The average and peak strength and velocity values of sixteen healthy adults
(mean ± standard deviation (SD): age = 22.81 ± 2.13 years) were recorded at 5, 10 and 15 kg. To
evaluate the reliability of FEMD, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) were obtained. Results: Reliability was high for
the 10 kg (CV range: 3.70–4.18%, ICC range: 0.95–0.98) and 15 kg conditions (CV range: 1.64–3.02%,
ICC: 0.99) at average and peak strength, and reliability was high for the 5 kg (CV range: 1.71–2.84%,
ICC range: 0.96–0.99), 10 kg (CV range: 0.74–1.84%, ICC range: 0.99–1.00) and 15 kg conditions
(CV range: 0.79–3.11%, ICC range: 0.99–1.00) at average and peak velocity. Conclusions: The findings
of this study demonstrate that FEMD is a reliable instrument to measure the average and peak
strength and velocity values during the five STS in healthy young adults.FEDER/Ministry of Science, Innovation and
Universities—State Research Agency (Dossier number: RTI2018-099723-B-I00
Effects of acute supplementation with beta-alanine on a limited time test at maximum aerobic speed on endurance athletes
Introducción: la beta-alanina (BA) es una de las ayudas ergogénicas más utilizadas actualmente por deportistas, pero la mayoría de los estudios
centran su investigación en la suplementación prolongada.
Objetivos: determinar el efecto agudo de la suplementación con BA sobre una prueba de tiempo límite (PTL) a velocidad aeróbica máxima
(VAM) en atletas de resistencia.
Material y método: once atletas de resistencia (VO2máx 61,6 ± 9,5 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) fueron parte del estudio. El diseño fue doble ciego, cruzado
intrasujeto, y la suplementación de BA fue de 30 mg·kg-1 o placebo (PL) 60 minutos antes de completar una PTL. Las variables fueron: tiempo
y distancia en la PTL y concentraciones de lactato ([La]) postesfuerzo en los minutos 1, 3, 5, 7 y 9. Para el análisis se utilizó una prueba t de
Student y el tamaño del efecto (TE) se realizó mediante la prueba d de Cohen.
Resultados: el tiempo en la PTL evidenció diferencias significativas entre la BA y PL (p = 0,047; TE = 0,48). No se observaron diferencias
significativas en distancia entre ambos grupos (p = 0,071; TE = 0,48) y las [La] evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en
los minutos 3, 5 y 7, respectivamente (p < 0,05).
Conclusión: la suplementación aguda con BA evidenció aumentos significativos en el tiempo de ejecución en la PTL a intensidades correspondientes
a VAM. Por lo anterior, la suplementación aguda con BA es una ayuda ergogénica que podría ser considerada por los atletas de
resistencia para aumentar el rendimiento deportivo.Introduction: the beta-alanine (BA) is one of the ergogenic aid most used by athletes, but the majority of the studies center the research on
chronic supplementation.
Objectives: to determine the acute effect of BA supplementation on a limited time test (LTT) at maximum aerobic speed (MAS) on endurance
athletes.
Material and method: eleven endurance athletes (VO2max 61.6 ± 9.5 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) were part of the study. The study consisted of a double-
blind, cross-over intra-subject design, and the BA supplementation was 30 mg·kg-1 or placebo (PL) 60 minutes before completing a LTT. The
variables were: time and distance in LTT, and post-effort lactate concentrations ([La]) in minutes 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The Student’s t test was used
for the analysis and the size of the effect (SE) was measured through Cohen’s d test.
Results: the time on LTT showed significant differences between BA and PL (p = 0.047; SE = 0.48). No significant differences were seen between
both groups (p = 0.071; SE = 0.48), and [La] showed significant differences between both groups in minutes 3, 5 and 7, respectively (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: acute supplementation with BA showed a significant increase in the execution time in LTT in the intensities connected to MAS. Hence,
acute supplementation with BA is an ergogenic aid that could be considered by resistance athletes in order to increase the athletic performance
5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica
El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería.
En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones.
El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador.
Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores.
Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros
Potenciación post activación y rendimiento en deportes con predominio de la fuerza explosiva elástica-refleja
El enfoque de la presente tesis doctoral se debe entender desde el punto de vista de la cuantificación y estimulación de la fuerza explosiva elástica-refleja, esta capacidad física está presente en la mayoría de los deportes y, por lo tanto, se deben seguir buscando nuevas y mejores formas de estimulación y desarrollo.Tesis Univ. Granada. Programa Oficial de Doctorado en: Actividad Física y Salu