Integration of lot sizing and scheduling models to minimize production cost and time in the automotive industry

Lot planning and production scheduling are important processes in the manufacturing industry. This study is based on the case study of automotive spare parts manufacturing firm (Firm-A), which produces various products based on customer demand. Several complex problems have been identified due to different production process flows for different products with different machine capability considerations at each stage of the production process. Based on these problems, this study proposes three integrated models that include lot planning and scheduling to minimize production costs, production times, and production costs and time simultaneously. These can be achieved by optimizing model solutions such as job order decisions and production quantities on the production process. Next, the genetic algorithm (GA) and the Taguchi approach are used to optimize the models by finding the optimal model solution for each objective. Model testing is presented using numerical examples and actual case data from Firm-A. The model testing analysis is performed using Microsoft Excel software to develop a model based on mathematical programming to formulate all three objective functions. Meanwhile, GeneHunter software is used to represent the optimization process using GA. The results show production quantity and job sequence play an essential role in reducing the cost and time of production by Rp 42.717.200,00 and 31392.82 minutes (65.4 days), respectively. The findings of the study contribute to the production management of Firm-A in helping to make decisions to reduce the time and costs of production strategically, where it provides a guideline for complex production activities

HIPTox—Hazard Identification Platform to Assess the Health Impacts from Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollutant Exposures, through Mechanistic Toxicology:A Single-Centre Double-Blind Human Exposure Trial Protocol

Over the past decade, our understanding of the impact of air pollution on short- and long-term population health has advanced considerably, focusing on adverse effects on cardiovascular and respiratory systems. There is, however, increasing evidence that air pollution exposures affect cognitive function, particularly in susceptible groups. Our study seeks to assess and hazard rank the cognitive effects of prevalent indoor and outdoor pollutants through a single-centre investigation on the cognitive functioning of healthy human volunteers aged 50 and above with a familial predisposition to dementia. Participants will all undertake five sequential controlled exposures. The sources of the air pollution exposures are wood smoke, diesel exhaust, cleaning products, and cooking emissions, with clean air serving as the control. Pre- and post-exposure spirometry, nasal lavage, blood sampling, and cognitive assessments will be performed. Repeated testing pre and post exposure to controlled levels of pollutants will allow for the identification of acute changes in functioning as well as the detection of peripheral markers of neuroinflammation and neuronal toxicity. This comprehensive approach enables the identification of the most hazardous components in indoor and outdoor air pollutants and further understanding of the pathways contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. The results of this project have the potential to facilitate greater refinement in policy, emphasizing health-relevant pollutants and providing details to aid mitigation against pollutant-associated health risks

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

The global retinoblastoma outcome study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

DATA SHARING : The study data will become available online once all analyses are complete.BACKGROUND : Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS : We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS : The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). INTERPRETATION : This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and the Wellcome Trust.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/homeam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

Peran K.H. Choer Affandi dalam pondok pesantren miftahul huda tasikmalaya tahun 1962-1994

i-xi, 1-69 hlm/ 25 c

Peran K.H. Choer Affandi dalam pondok pesantren miftahul huda tasikmalaya tahun 1962-1994

i-xi, 1-69 hlm/ 25 c

Peran K.H. Choer Affandi dalam pondok pesantren Miftahul Huda Tasikmalaya 1962-1994

Penulisan Skripsi ini mengkaji tema peran KH. Choer Affandi dalam Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda yaitu di daerah Manonjaya Tasikmalaya, dalam merekonstruksi skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan metode analytical history, berupa kajian pustaka, wawancara dan observasi langsung. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yang meliputi: pendekatan sosial dan dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah untuk mengumpulkan data tentang KH. Choer Affandi. Selanjutnya dilakukan pencarian sumber baik primer maupun sekunder guna mencari tahu suatu kebenaran dalam mencari data-data menyangkut skripsi ini. Temuan Studi ini adalah bahwa KH. Choer Affandi telah memberikan peranan yang sangat signifikan dalam memajukan masyarakat Manonjaya Tasikmalaya. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan KH. Choer Affandi yaitu membangun berbagai lembaga kepesantrenan, beliau sendirilah yang menjadi pimpinan Pesantren Miftahul Huda Tasikmalaya sampai akhir hayatnya. penulis berusaha mengungkapkan kehidupan seorang tokoh yang meliputi perjuangan dan pemikiran yang dituangkan di Pondok Pesantren dan juga masyarakat sekitar pondok pesantren

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA MELALUI DIGITALISASI UMKM MENUJU MASYARAKAT MANDIRI

Kegiatan pengabdian ini berjudul Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia MelaluiDigitalisasi UMKM Menuju Masyarakat Mandiri di era digital agar terbentuknya jiwasemangat berwirausaha yang dan unggul dalam menghadapi persaingan usaha, denganmenyelenggarakan kegiatan berbagi pengalaman, pelatihan kompetensi terkait praktis ilmupengetahuan manajemen sumber daya manusia agar anggota masyarakat UMKM DesaSegaran tersebut memiliki motivasi semangat berwirausaha yang kreatif dan kompetitif,Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelusuran objek pengabdian, dan penyampaianmateri secara implementatif dan diskusi mengenai kendala yang terjadi di lapangan dalammemanage karakter SDM dalam upaya peningkatan produktifitas usaha bagi UMKM DesaSegaran Kecamatan Batu Jaya Kabupaten Karawang. Penulis melakukan wawancara kepadapelaku usaha dengan UKM Bolu Kijing yaitu Ibu Ramziah yang berada di Desa Segaran,Kecamatan Batujaya, Kab. Karawang. Penulis melakukan observasi dan menganalisis hal-hayang mempengaruhi perkembangan bisnis. Mulai dari cara produksi hingga peningkatkaanSDM. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa SDM merupakan salah satu hal yang paling penting bagipelaku usaha