The Efficacy of Biliary Diversion for Benign Disease: Long-Term Follow-up

Retrospective analysis of 70 patients who underwent biliary bypass operations for benign disease over an eight-year period was undertaken to evaluate long-term complications. Operative procedures included choledochoduodenostomy in 60 patients, choledochojejunostomy in four, and cholecystoduodenostomy, cholecystojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy in two patients each. The most common indication for surgery was choledocholithiasis, with or without hepatic stones, viscid bile, and ampullary stenosis (61 to 70 patients). Other indications included chronic pancreatitis, choledochal cyst, and sclerosing cholangitis. One patient died postoperatively from hemorrhage, and two others died from causes unrelated to surgery. Two patients developed cholangitis without reflux and demonstrated anastomotic stenosis at re-operation. Sixty-four patients in the series had reflux but remained asymptomatic. Our study supports the concept that cholangitis results from relative obstruction of the anastomosis rather than from reflux

Visualization of Rotor Tip Secondary Flows with Blade Tip Air Discharge and Suction in a Low-speed Turbine

Smoke was used to visualize outer-wall secondary flows in a low-speed turbine utilizing rotor tip air discharge and suction. Photographs as well as visual observations of the effect of tip air discharge and suction were made by independently varying the direction and quantity of the tip air discharge and suction, and varying tip clearance, and main-stream air speed. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the hollow blade discharge opening was varied for the case of tip air discharge

Smoke Study of Nozzle Secondary Flows in a Low-speed Turbine

Still and motion pictures were made of boundary-layer and wake secondary-flow phenomena visualized by smoke. Two annular cascades of turbine nozzles were used, both designed for constant discharge angle but differing in blade shape and suction-surface velocity distribution. Flows were similar to those obtained with pressure and angle measurements at near-sonic airspeeds. Boundary-layer cross-channel and trailing-edge radial flows caused vortices and an accumulation of low-momentum air at the hub, which may affect flow in following blade rows. Motion of a downstream rotor blade row produced pulsations in trailing-edge radial flow. The motion-picture supplement may be obtained on loan from NACA Headquarters, Washington, D.C

The Effects of Canada Goose Grazing on Winter Wheat: An Experimental Approach

The effects of grazing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) by Canada geese (Branta canadensis) was assessed in 3 fields during 2 years of experimentation at the Wye Research and Education Center, Queenstown, Maryland. Randomly placed wire enclosures prevented goose grazing on 11.1 m sq. control plots. Grazed plots were marked in each field soon after the geese migrated in March. Grazed plots had consistently lower yields than ungrazed plots with mean differences ranging from 0-13%. The differences were related to the intensity of grazing. Other parameters, including mean weight per seed, mean number of seeds per spike, mean number of spikes per plot, mean plant height and head date, were also measured. Statistically significant differences were found for many of these variables between grazed and ungrazed plots. The estimates of yield reduction were probably conservative in that the presence of control exclosures may have discouraged goose use of experimental fields compared to other fields in the vicinity

Study of secondary-flow patterns in an annular cascade of turbine nozzle blades with vortex design

In order to increase understanding of the origin of losses in a turbine, the secondary-flow components in the boundary layers and the blade wakes of an annular cascade of turbine nozzle blades (vortex design) was investigated. A detailed study was made of the total-pressure contours and, particularly, of the inner-wall loss cores downstream of the blades. The inner-wall loss core associated with a blade of the turbine-nozzle cascade is largely the accumulation of low-momentum fluids originating elsewhere in the cascade. This accumulation is effected by a secondary-flow mechanism which acts to transport the low-momentum fluids across the channels on the walls and radially in the blade wakes and boundary layers. The patterns of secondary flow were determined by use of hydrogen sulfide traces, paint, flow fences, and total pressure surveys. At one flow condition investigated, the radial transport of low-momentum fluid in the blade wake and on the suction surface near the trailing edge accounted for 65 percent of the loss core; 30 percent resulted from flow in the thickened boundary layer on the suction surface and 35 percent from flow in the blade wake

Fiberoptic Colonoscopic Polypectomies

The development of fiberoptic instruments which permit direct visualization of the entire colonic lumen has made possible the safe removal of polyps from any part of the colon. The avoidance of transabdominal colotomy and polypectomy significantly decreases the mortality and morbidity as well as the duration of hospital stay. We wish to present our experience in performing the endoscopic removal of 128 colonic polyps larger than 0.5 cm in size in 103 patients, located from the cecum to the sigmoid colon and beyond the reach of the rigid sigmoidoscope. The polypectomy procedures via the colonoscope were done without mortality and with only three relatively minor complications, all of which responded to conservative measures. Endoscopic removal of colonic polyps is proposed as a safe, practical alternative to either laparotomy and colotomy or repeated barium enema studies in the management of the patient with a colonic polyp

Comparison of secondary flows and boundary-layer accumulations in several turbine nozzles

An investigation was made of losses and secondary flows in three different turbine nozzle configurations in annular cascade. Appreciable outer shroud loss cores (passage vortices) were found to exist at the discharge of blades which had thickened suction surface boundary layers near the outer shroud. Blade designs having thinner boundary layers did not show such outer shroud loss cores, but indicated greater inward radial flow of low momentum air, in the wake loss is to this extent an indication of the presence or absence of radial flow. The blade wake was a combination of profile loss and low momentum air from the outer shroud, and the magnitude of the wake loss is to this extent an indication of the presence or absence of radial flow. At a high Mach number, shock-boundary-layer thickening on the blade suction surfaces provided an additional radial flow path for low momentum air, which resulted in large inner shroud loss regions accompanied by large deviations from design values of discharge angle. (author

A survey of the financial activities of the Churches of Christ in Harris County

Purpose: It was the purpose of this study (1) to determine the specific areas of financial activities of the churches of Christ in Harris County and (2) show the relationship between the amount of money received by the churches of Christ in this county and the amount spent in each area of activity. Methods: The data for this study was obtained by two methods: library research and correspondence. The library research was done at Sam Houston State Teachers College, the Spring church of Christ library, and private sources including that of the writer. The source of correspondence was the individual churches of Christ in Harris Country. Findings: The facts presented by this study seems to indicate the following general conclusion: The churches of Christ in Harris County are engaged in an extensive program of work, but not all of the churches participate in each activity. This is caused by a lack of interest, ability and opportunity