Reaching and Supporting Trafficked Women in Austria and Germany: A Call for Training on Attachment and Trust-Building

Many victims of trafficking in women are not reached by the available support services despite numerous measures that have been put in place on both the national and international levels. This deficiency is due to the inadequacy of the support systems, which do not meet the needs of the women concerned. A bilateral Austro-German research project entitled “Prävention und Intervention bei Menschenhandel zum Zweck sexueller Ausbeutung (PRIMSA) [“Prevention and intervention in the trafficking of human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation”] was set up with the aim of developing ideas for a multidisciplinary prevention and intervention scheme. This article presents a case study of one of the women from a Central European country who was interviewed and the selected results on the need for training on trust-building and attachment with victims

An Update on Legislation of Food for Coeliacs

Se realizó un análisis de la normativa sanitaria sobre alimentos para celíacos y su impacto en la población celíaca, mediante la investigación y comparación de las normativas sanitarias argentina e internacional sobre alimentos libres de gluten y el análisis de las consultas realizadas al listado oficial argentino de productos libres de gluten. La norma CODEX STAN 118/1979 y la normativa de la Comunidad Europea reconocen como alimentos “exentos de gluten” a los que contienen hasta 20 mg/kg y como reducidos en gluten a los que contienen entre 20 y 100 mg/kg. La FDA define como alimentos libres de gluten a aquellos con un máximo de 20 mg/kg. Australia y Nueva Zelanda distinguen como alimentos libres de gluten a aquellos que no contienen gluten detectable y como bajos en gluten a los que no superan los 20 mg/kg de gluten. En Argentina, el máximo permitido por el Código Alimentario Argentino es de 10 mg/kg para “alimentos libres de gluten”, lo que también se aplica a alimentos libres de gluten provenientes de los países miembros del MERCOSUR. La Ley Celíaca Argentina introdujo avances como el listado oficial actualizado de productos libres de gluten. Argentina está entre los países con el límite de gluten más exigente en alimentos para celíacos, lo que otorga ventajas sanitarias y comerciales.Analysis of food health regulations and their impact on coeliac population was performed through research and comparison of argentinian and international health regulations on gluten-free foods, and by analysis of website visits to argentinian official list of gluten free products. The CODEX STAN 118/1979 standard and rules from the European Community recognized as “gluten free” foods those which contain up to 20 mg/kg, and as “low gluten content” those with 20-100 mg/kg, while FDA defines “gluten free” foods as those with a maximum of 20 mg/kg. Australia and New Zealand distinguish as “gluten free” foods those that contain no detectable gluten and “low-gluten those which do not exceed 20 mg/kg of gluten. In Argentina the maximum allowed by the “Código Alimentario Argentino” is 10 mg/kg for “gluten free” foods. This also applies to gluten free food from MERCOSUR members. The Coeliac Law of Argentina introduced several advances as the updated official gluten free products list. Argentina is one of the countries which has the most severe limit of gluten for food destined for coeliac population providing health and commercial advantages or profits.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

An Update on Legislation of Food for Coeliacs

Se realizó un análisis de la normativa sanitaria sobre alimentos para celíacos y su impacto en la población celíaca, mediante la investigación y comparación de las normativas sanitarias argentina e internacional sobre alimentos libres de gluten y el análisis de las consultas realizadas al listado oficial argentino de productos libres de gluten. La norma CODEX STAN 118/1979 y la normativa de la Comunidad Europea reconocen como alimentos “exentos de gluten” a los que contienen hasta 20 mg/kg y como reducidos en gluten a los que contienen entre 20 y 100 mg/kg. La FDA define como alimentos libres de gluten a aquellos con un máximo de 20 mg/kg. Australia y Nueva Zelanda distinguen como alimentos libres de gluten a aquellos que no contienen gluten detectable y como bajos en gluten a los que no superan los 20 mg/kg de gluten. En Argentina, el máximo permitido por el Código Alimentario Argentino es de 10 mg/kg para “alimentos libres de gluten”, lo que también se aplica a alimentos libres de gluten provenientes de los países miembros del MERCOSUR. La Ley Celíaca Argentina introdujo avances como el listado oficial actualizado de productos libres de gluten. Argentina está entre los países con el límite de gluten más exigente en alimentos para celíacos, lo que otorga ventajas sanitarias y comerciales.Analysis of food health regulations and their impact on coeliac population was performed through research and comparison of argentinian and international health regulations on gluten-free foods, and by analysis of website visits to argentinian official list of gluten free products. The CODEX STAN 118/1979 standard and rules from the European Community recognized as “gluten free” foods those which contain up to 20 mg/kg, and as “low gluten content” those with 20-100 mg/kg, while FDA defines “gluten free” foods as those with a maximum of 20 mg/kg. Australia and New Zealand distinguish as “gluten free” foods those that contain no detectable gluten and “low-gluten those which do not exceed 20 mg/kg of gluten. In Argentina the maximum allowed by the “Código Alimentario Argentino” is 10 mg/kg for “gluten free” foods. This also applies to gluten free food from MERCOSUR members. The Coeliac Law of Argentina introduced several advances as the updated official gluten free products list. Argentina is one of the countries which has the most severe limit of gluten for food destined for coeliac population providing health and commercial advantages or profits.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

An Update on Legislation of Food for Coeliacs

Se realizó un análisis de la normativa sanitaria sobre alimentos para celíacos y su impacto en la población celíaca, mediante la investigación y comparación de las normativas sanitarias argentina e internacional sobre alimentos libres de gluten y el análisis de las consultas realizadas al listado oficial argentino de productos libres de gluten. La norma CODEX STAN 118/1979 y la normativa de la Comunidad Europea reconocen como alimentos “exentos de gluten” a los que contienen hasta 20 mg/kg y como reducidos en gluten a los que contienen entre 20 y 100 mg/kg. La FDA define como alimentos libres de gluten a aquellos con un máximo de 20 mg/kg. Australia y Nueva Zelanda distinguen como alimentos libres de gluten a aquellos que no contienen gluten detectable y como bajos en gluten a los que no superan los 20 mg/kg de gluten. En Argentina, el máximo permitido por el Código Alimentario Argentino es de 10 mg/kg para “alimentos libres de gluten”, lo que también se aplica a alimentos libres de gluten provenientes de los países miembros del MERCOSUR. La Ley Celíaca Argentina introdujo avances como el listado oficial actualizado de productos libres de gluten. Argentina está entre los países con el límite de gluten más exigente en alimentos para celíacos, lo que otorga ventajas sanitarias y comerciales.Analysis of food health regulations and their impact on coeliac population was performed through research and comparison of argentinian and international health regulations on gluten-free foods, and by analysis of website visits to argentinian official list of gluten free products. The CODEX STAN 118/1979 standard and rules from the European Community recognized as “gluten free” foods those which contain up to 20 mg/kg, and as “low gluten content” those with 20-100 mg/kg, while FDA defines “gluten free” foods as those with a maximum of 20 mg/kg. Australia and New Zealand distinguish as “gluten free” foods those that contain no detectable gluten and “low-gluten those which do not exceed 20 mg/kg of gluten. In Argentina the maximum allowed by the “Código Alimentario Argentino” is 10 mg/kg for “gluten free” foods. This also applies to gluten free food from MERCOSUR members. The Coeliac Law of Argentina introduced several advances as the updated official gluten free products list. Argentina is one of the countries which has the most severe limit of gluten for food destined for coeliac population providing health and commercial advantages or profits.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

The scope of science for the International Polar Year, 2007-2008

The International Polar Year 2007““2008 will be the largest internationally coordinated research programme in 50 years. It will be an intensive period of interdisciplinary science focused on the Arctic and the Antarctic. IPY 2007““2008 research activities were assembled from the ideas of researchers in more than 60 countries. A total of 228 projects have been endorsed by the ICSU/WMO Joint Committee for IPY 2007““2008. These projects have a strong interdisciplinary emphasis and address the six themes as well as education and outreach objectives. IPY projects will exploit new technological and logistical capabilities and strengthen international coordination of research. They aim to attract, engage and develop a new generation of researchers and raise the awareness, interest and understanding of polar residents, educators, students, the general public and decision makers worldwide. IPY projects will collect a broad-ranging set of samples, data and information which will be made available to an unprecedented degree. IPY 2007““2008 aims to leave a legacy of enhanced observational systems, facilities and infrastructure. The observational networks to be established during IPY include integrated ocean observing systems in both the Arctic and Southern Oceans, coordinated acquisition of satellite data products from multiple space agencies and observational systems for astronomy, sun““earth physics, atmospheric chemistry, meteorology, ecosystems, permafrost, glaciers and geophysics. Many observing systems within IPY will be developed within the framework of existing international global observing systems

Genetic Diversity of Polymorphic Vaccine Candidate Antigens (Apical Membrane Antigen-1, Merozoite Surface Protein-3, and Erythrocyte Binding Antigen-175) in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Western and Central Africa

The malaria vaccine candidate antigens erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA-175), merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP-3), and apical membrane antigen (AMA-1) from Plasmodium falciparum isolates from countries in central and west Africa were assessed for allelic diversity. Samples were collected on filter paper from 600 P. falciparum-infected symptomatic patients in Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Senegal and screened for class-specific amplification fragments. Genetic diversity, assessed by mean heterozygosity, was comparable among countries. We detected a clinical increase in eba 175 F-allele frequency from west to east across the study region. No statistical difference in msp-3 allele distribution between countries was observed. The ama-1 3D7 alleles were present at a lower frequency in central Africa than in West Africa. We also detected little to no genetic differentiation among sampling locations. This finding indicates that, at least at the level of resolution offered by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, these antigens showed remarkable genetic homogeneity throughout the region sampled, perhaps caused by balancing selection to maintain a diverse array of antigen haplotyes

Polygenic prediction of educational attainment within and between families from genome-wide association analyses in 3 million individuals

We conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment (EA) in a sample of ~3 million individuals and identify 3,952 approximately uncorrelated genome-wide-significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide polygenic predictor, or polygenic index (PGI), explains 12-16% of EA variance and contributes to risk prediction for ten diseases. Direct effects (i.e., controlling for parental PGIs) explain roughly half the PGI's magnitude of association with EA and other phenotypes. The correlation between mate-pair PGIs is far too large to be consistent with phenotypic assortment alone, implying additional assortment on PGI-associated factors. In an additional GWAS of dominance deviations from the additive model, we identify no genome-wide-significant SNPs, and a separate X-chromosome additive GWAS identifies 57