1,249 research outputs found
Adaptive control in rollforward recovery for extreme scale multigrid
With the increasing number of compute components, failures in future
exa-scale computer systems are expected to become more frequent. This motivates
the study of novel resilience techniques. Here, we extend a recently proposed
algorithm-based recovery method for multigrid iterations by introducing an
adaptive control. After a fault, the healthy part of the system continues the
iterative solution process, while the solution in the faulty domain is
re-constructed by an asynchronous on-line recovery. The computations in both
the faulty and healthy subdomains must be coordinated in a sensitive way, in
particular, both under and over-solving must be avoided. Both of these waste
computational resources and will therefore increase the overall
time-to-solution. To control the local recovery and guarantee an optimal
re-coupling, we introduce a stopping criterion based on a mathematical error
estimator. It involves hierarchical weighted sums of residuals within the
context of uniformly refined meshes and is well-suited in the context of
parallel high-performance computing. The re-coupling process is steered by
local contributions of the error estimator. We propose and compare two criteria
which differ in their weights. Failure scenarios when solving up to
unknowns on more than 245\,766 parallel processes will be
reported on a state-of-the-art peta-scale supercomputer demonstrating the
robustness of the method
La lucha contra la corrupción desde una perspectiva supranacional
La lucha mundial contra la corrupción se lleva a cabo con base en varios instrumentos
jurídicos supranacionales, que fueron elaborados desde mediados de los años noventa del
siglo pasado en todo el mundo y actualmente se hallan en proceso de incorporación a la
legislación nacional. El artículo hace un examen de las convenciones más importantes pinceladas por la OCDE, la Unión Europea y el Consejo de Europa, y compara sus diversos
objetivos, alcances y contenidos.The world wide war against corruption is fought on the legal basis of several supra national
instruments which were created since the mid 90s of the last century in all parts of the
world. They are presently in the state of being incorporated into national legislation. The
article gives a survey on the more important conventions drafted by the OCDE, the European Union, and the Council of Europe and compares their different aims, scope, and
contents
Kokospalmenmenschen : Boden und Alltag und ihre Bedeutung im Selbstverständnis der Abelam von Kimbangwa (East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea)
Влияние примесей натрий- и калий-ионов на потенциометрическое определение литий-ионов при переработке литиевого гидроминерального сырья
Genotoxicity of nitroso compounds and sodium dichromate in a model combining organ cultures of human nasal epithelia and the comet assay
Genotoxic effects of xenobiotics are a possible step in tumor initiation in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Using the comet assay, detecting genotoxicity in human tissue has been restricted to single incubations in vitro, but in vivo most xenobiotics harm their target in a repetitive or chronic manner. Therefore, we propose a model, which provides repetitive incubations in human upper aerodigestive tract mucosa cultures. Samples of human inferior nasal turbinate mucosa (n = 25) were cultured according to a modified version of a technique originally described by Steinsvag. On day 1 fresh samples and on days 7, 9 and 11 organ cultures were incubated with N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) and N'-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). Mucosa samples and organ cultures, respectively, underwent a modified comet assay on days 1, 7 and 11. Genotoxicity could be shown for NDEA, Na2Cr2O7 and MNNG on days 1, 7 and 11. Duration of tissue culture and repetitive incubations did not significantly influence the results for NDEA. Nevertheless, Na2Cr2O7 and MNNG caused higher genotoxic effects on cultures subjected to the comet assay on day 11. This model may help to assess genotoxic hazards posed by environ mental pollutants that have a cumulative character in repetitive or chronic exposure in vivo. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
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