Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule 2 (Ecsm2) Localizes To Cell-Cell Junctions And Modulates Bfgf-Directed Cell Migration Via The Erk-Fak Pathway

Background: Despite its first discovery by in silico cloning of novel endothelial cell-specific genes a decade ago, the biological functions of endothelial cell-specific molecule 2 (ECSM2) have only recently begun to be understood. Limited data suggest its involvement in cell migration and apoptosis. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms and novel functions of ECSM2 remain to be explored. Methodology/Principal Findings: A rabbit anti-ECSM2 monoclonal antibody (RabMAb) was generated and used to characterize the endogenous ECSM2 protein. Immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, deglycosylation, immunostaining and confocal microscopy validated that endogenous ECSM2 is a plasma membrane glycoprotein preferentially expressed in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Expression patterns of heterologously expressed and endogenous ECSM2 identified that ECSM2 was particularly concentrated at cell-cell contacts. Cell aggregation and transwell assays showed that ECSM2 promoted cell-cell adhesion and attenuated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-driven EC migration. Gain or loss of function assays by overexpression or knockdown of ECSM2 in ECs demonstrated that ECSM2 modulated bFGF-directed EC motility via the FGF receptor (FGFR)-extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway. The counterbalance between FAK tyrosine phosphorylation (activation) and ERK-dependent serine phosphorylation of FAK was critically involved. A model of how ECSM2 signals to impact bFGF/FGFR-driven EC migration was proposed. Conclusions/Significance: ECSM2 is likely a novel EC junctional protein. It can promote cell-cell adhesion and inhibit bFGF-mediated cell migration. Mechanistically, ECSM2 attenuates EC motility through the FGFR-ERK-FAK pathway. The findings suggest that ECSM2 could be a key player in coordinating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-, integrin-, and EC junctional component-mediated signaling and may have important implications in disorders related to endothelial dysfunction and impaired EC junction signaling. © 2011 Shi et al

Study on Construction Resource Optimization and Uncertain Risk of Urban Sewage Pipe Network

With considering sewage pipe network upgrading projects in the “villages” in cities, the optimization of construction resources and the assessment of delay risks could be achieved. Based on the schedule-cost hypothetical theory, the mathematical model with constraint indicators was established to obtain the expression of optimal resource input, and conclude the method to analyze the schedule uncertainties. The analysis showed that cyclical footage of pipe could be regarded as a relatively fixed value, and the cost can be regarded as a function that depending on the number of working teams. The optimal number of teams and the optimal schedule occurred when the minimum total cost achieved. In the case of insufficient meteorological data, the Monte Carlo simulation method and uncertainty analysis method can be applied to assess the impact of rainfall on the total construction period, correspondingly the probability of such risk could be derived. The calculation showed that the risk of overdue completion varied significantly according to the construction starting time. It was necessary to take rainfall risk into consideration and make corresponding strategies and measures

PARTNER: Level up the Polar Representation for LiDAR 3D Object Detection

Recently, polar-based representation has shown promising properties in perceptual tasks. In addition to Cartesian-based approaches, which separate point clouds unevenly, representing point clouds as polar grids has been recognized as an alternative due to (1) its advantage in robust performance under different resolutions and (2) its superiority in streaming-based approaches. However, state-of-the-art polar-based detection methods inevitably suffer from the feature distortion problem because of the non-uniform division of polar representation, resulting in a non-negligible performance gap compared to Cartesian-based approaches. To tackle this issue, we present PARTNER, a novel 3D object detector in the polar coordinate. PARTNER alleviates the dilemma of feature distortion with global representation re-alignment and facilitates the regression by introducing instance-level geometric information into the detection head. Extensive experiments show overwhelming advantages in streaming-based detection and different resolutions. Furthermore, our method outperforms the previous polar-based works with remarkable margins of 3.68% and 9.15% on Waymo and ONCE validation set, thus achieving competitive results over the state-of-the-art methods.Comment: ICCV 202

Structural and Functional Characterization of Two Alternative Splicing Variants of Mouse Endothelial Cell-Specific Chemotaxis Regulator (ECSCR)

Endothelial cells (ECs) that line the lumen of blood vessels are important players in blood vessel formation, and EC migration is a key component of the angiogenic process. Thus, identification of genes that are specifically or preferentially expressed in vascular ECs and in-depth understanding of their biological functions may lead to discovery of new therapeutic targets. We have previously reported molecular characterization of human endothelial cell-specific molecule 2 (ECSM2)/endothelial cell-specific chemotaxis regulator (ECSCR). In the present study, we cloned two mouse full-length cDNAs by RT-PCR, which encode two putative ECSCR isoform precursors with considerable homology to the human ECSCR. Nucleotide sequence and exon-intron junction analyses suggested that they are alternative splicing variants (ECSCR isoform-1 and -2), differing from each other in the first and second exons. Quantitative RT-PCR results revealed that isoform-2 is the predominant form, which was most abundant in heart, lung, and muscles, and moderately abundant in uterus and testis. In contrast, the expression of isoform-1 seemed to be more enriched in testis. To further explore their potential cellular functions, we expressed GFP- and FLAG-tagged ECSCR isoforms, respectively, in an ECSCR deficient cell line (HEK293). Interestingly, the actual sizes of either ECSCR-GFP or -FLAG fusion proteins detected by immunoblotting are much larger than their predicted sizes, suggesting that both isoforms are glycoproteins. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that both ECSCR isoforms are localized at the cell surface, which is consistent with the structural prediction. Finally, we performed cell migration assays using mouse endothelial MS1 cells overexpressing GFP alone, isoform-1-GFP, and isoform-2-GFP, respectively. Our results showed that both isoforms significantly inhibited vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell migration. Taken together, we have provided several lines of experimental evidence that two mouse ECSCR splicing variants/isoform precursors exist. They are differentially expressed in a variety of tissue types and likely involved in modulation of vascular EC migration. We have also defined the gene structure of mouse ECSCR using bioinformatics tools, which provides new information towards a better understanding of alternative splicing of ECSCR

Key predisposing factors and susceptibility assessment of landslides along the Yunnan–Tibet traffic corridor, Tibetan plateau: Comparison with the LR, RF, NB, and MLP techniques

The Yunnan–Tibet traffic corridor runs through the Three Rivers Region, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, which is characterized by high-relief topography and active tectonics, with favourable conditions for landslides. It is of great significance to identify the key predisposing factors of landslides and to reveal the landslide susceptibility in this area. A total of 2,308 landslides were identified as learning samples through remote sensing interpretation and detailed field surveys, and four machine learning algorithms involving logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), naïve Bayes (NB) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) were compared to model the landslide susceptibility. Through the multicollinearity test, 13 influential factors were selected as conditioning factors. The area under the curve (AUC) values of LR, RF, NB and MLP models are .788, .918, .785 and .836 respectively, indicating that the four models have good or very good prediction accuracy in landslide susceptibility assessment along the Yunnan–Tibet traffic corridor. In addition, the elevation, slope, rainfall, distance to rivers, and aspect play a major role in landslide development in the study area. The susceptibility zoning map based on the best RF model shows that the areas with high susceptibility and very high susceptibility account for 12.24% and 6.72%, respectively, and are mainly distributed along the Jinsha River, the Lancang River and the G214 highway

Influence of dopamine receptor activation on neurosecretion from perfused rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial explants

The hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) contains both vasopressin-secreting (AVP) and oxytocin-secreting (OT) magnocellular neurons which release their respective hormones from the posterior pituitary gland into the systemic circulation. A direct relationship has been demonstrated in earlier physiological studies between the excitability of SON neurons and hormone release from the neurohypophysis. Catecholamines have been shown to activate SON neurons, thereby increasing the action potential frequency to the neural lobe. The present study examined the ability of catecholamines to evoke release of vasopressin and/or oxytocin from the neural lobe of an intraarterially perfused preparation of rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysis.Experiments were carried out on male Long-Evans rats. Drugs (noradrenaline, dopamine, D1 and D2 dopamine receptor agonists) were delivered both into the perfusion medium and directly over the SON. Fractions of effluent medium were collected from the area of the neurohypophysis and tested for hormone release using a selective radioimmunoassay. Noradrenaline (NA) in concentrations of 10$sp{-5}$ to 10$sp{-4}$ M stimulated AVP release from neural lobe. The $alpha sb1$-adrenergic receptor antagonist, prazosin (50 nM in perfusion experiments; 1$mu$M in local injection experiments) blocked the noradrenaline-stimulated release. Dopamine (10$sp{-4}$ to 10$sp{-3}$ M), D1 (SKF 38393, 0.5 mM) and D2 (QNP 0.5 mM) dopamine receptor agonists also increased the release of AVP. In the presence of prazosin, DA, QNP and SKF 38393 still evoked AVP release. Therefore, it is proposed that both noradrenaline and dopamine stimulate the release of AVP in this preparation; the responses to dopamine appear to be mediated by both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors, presumably located at the level of the cell somata/dendrites, possibly also on axon terminals in the neural lobe

Effect of “Internet+” 5G Information Technology on Blended Teaching: A Test Based on Counterfactual Method

Blended teaching is becoming an important way of educational reform and development. However, empirical studies on the effectiveness of blended teaching vary widely. From the perspective of “Internet+” 5G information technology application, this paper takes internship data of undergraduates who implement blended teaching in accounting majors in eight local public universities as research samples and uses counterfactual methods to discuss the application of “Internet +” 5G information technology on the effectiveness of blended teaching. The results show that students’ grade point average, educational level, and whether there is a vocational qualification certificate have a significant impact on internship performance. Students’ gender, residence, English certificate, and internship location have no significant impact on internship performance. This paper provides a useful exploration for the reform of classroom teaching in universities in the “Internet +” era and puts forward evidence for the promotion and application of 5G information technology and blended teaching

Transformation and migration mechanism of fluorine-containing pollutants in the pyrolysis process of spent lithium-ion battery

Pyrolysis is an effective method to remove organics (e.g. electrolytes and binders) from spent lithium-ion battery (LIB). In this study, the co-pyrolysis characteristics of fluorine-containing substances and active materials from LIB were investigated using thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Associated with the pyrolysis, active materials adsorb the residues of electrolyte on the surface and into the pores (20-200 degrees C), while polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) forms a liquid film to cover the local surface of active materials (400-500 degrees C). These interactions prevent deep removal of organics, leaving fluorine-containing contaminants in active materials. The barrier effect of PVDF liquid mesophase on the removal of organics with secondary liquidous phase formation during pyrolysis was confirmed by in situ optical observation. The migration behavior of fluorine element during the pyrolysis of black mass (BM) from spent LIB was also investigated. With pyrolysis temperature increasing from 100 degrees C to 600 degrees C, the dissociable fluorine content in pyrolyzed BM increased from 1.4 wt% to 3.7 wt%. The fluorine-containing contaminants in BM cannot be removed completely by simply increasing pyrolysis temperature. This study provides a better understanding on the transformation of fluorine-containing pollutants during the pyrolysis of BM

Transformation and migration mechanism of fluorine-containing pollutants in the pyrolysis process of spent lithium-ion battery

Pyrolysis is an effective method to remove organics (e.g. electrolytes and binders) from spent lithium-ion battery (LIB). In this study, the co-pyrolysis characteristics of fluorine-containing substances and active materials from LIB were investigated using thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Associated with the pyrolysis, active materials adsorb the residues of electrolyte on the surface and into the pores (20-200 degrees C), while polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) forms a liquid film to cover the local surface of active materials (400-500 degrees C). These interactions prevent deep removal of organics, leaving fluorine-containing contaminants in active materials. The barrier effect of PVDF liquid mesophase on the removal of organics with secondary liquidous phase formation during pyrolysis was confirmed by in situ optical observation. The migration behavior of fluorine element during the pyrolysis of black mass (BM) from spent LIB was also investigated. With pyrolysis temperature increasing from 100 degrees C to 600 degrees C, the dissociable fluorine content in pyrolyzed BM increased from 1.4 wt% to 3.7 wt%. The fluorine-containing contaminants in BM cannot be removed completely by simply increasing pyrolysis temperature. This study provides a better understanding on the transformation of fluorine-containing pollutants during the pyrolysis of BM