The Dawn of a New, New International Economic Order

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether being overweight or obese is associated with significant health outcomes in an 85-year-old population. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanDESIGN: A cross-sectional population-based study. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanSETTING: Linkoping, Sweden. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPARTICIPANTS: Three hundred thirty-eight people born in 1922 were identified using the local authoritys register. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMEASUREMENTS: Data related to sociodemographic characteristics, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), assistance use, and the presence of diseases were collected using a postal questionnaire. Anthropometry and functional status were assessed during home and geriatric clinic visits. Diseases were double-checked in the electronic medical records, and information about health service consumption was obtained from the local healthcare register. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS: Overweight (body mass index (BMI) 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)) and obese (BMI andgt;= 30.0 kg/m(2)) participants perceived more difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and had more comorbidity than their normal-weight counterparts (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), but their overall HRQoL and health service costs did not differ from those of normal-weight participants. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, being overweight did not influence IADLs or any comorbidity, but obese participants were more likely to perceive greater difficulty in performing outdoor activities (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-4) and cleaning (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2-4.2) than their normal-weight counterparts. Although obesity was also associated with multimorbidity (OR = 3, 95% CI = 1.2-8), the health service cost of each case of multimorbidity (n = 251) was highest in normalweight participants and nearly three times as much as in obese participants (ratio: 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1-8.1). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSION: For 85-year-olds, being obese, as opposed to overweight, is associated with self-reported activity limitations and comorbidities. Overweight older adults living in their own homes in this population had well-being similar to that of those with normal weight.Funding Agencies|Health Research Council of the South-East of Sweden||County of Ostergotland||Janne Elgqvist Family Foundation||</p

Generic Structure of Research Article Abstracts

As an academic genre, the research article (RA) abstracts play an important role in academic community. This paper aims to explore the differences between RA abstracts by native and non-native speakers of English in terms of the generic structure. Theoretically, the commonly accepted IMRD model (Introduction-Method-Results-Discussion) and Swale’s Move-Step model are adopted to analyse the macro- and micro-structure respectively. It is found that the Introduction Move is obligatory for English RA abstracts by non-native speakers as opposed to the Introduction and the Results move by native speakers. Key words: Research Article; ; GeGenre Analysisneric Structur

Low-momentum interactions with Brown-Rho-Ericson scalings and the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy

We have calculated the nuclear symmetry energy $E_{sym}(\rho)$ up to densities of $4 \sim 5 \rho_0$ with the effects from the Brown-Rho (BR) and Ericson scalings for the in-medium mesons included. Using the $V_{low-k}$ low-momentum interaction with and without such scalings, the equations of state (EOS) of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter have been calculated using a ring-diagarm formalism where the particle-particle-hole-hole ring diagrams are included to all orders. The EOS for symmetric nuclear matter and neutron matter obtained with linear BR scaling are both overly stiff compared with the empirical constraints of Danielewicz {\it et al.} \cite{daniel02}. In contrast, satisfactory results are obtained by either using the nonlinear Ericson scaling or by adding a Skyrme-type three-nucleon force (TNF) to the unscaled $V_{low-k}$ interaction. Our results for $E_{sym}(\rho)$ obtained with the nonlinear Ericson scaling are in good agreement with the empirical values of Tsang {\it et al.} \cite{tsang09} and Li {\it et al.} \cite{li05}, while those with TNF are slightly below these values. For densities below the nuclear saturation density $\rho_0$, the results of the above calculations are nearly equivalent to each other and all in satisfactory agreement with the empirical values.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Factors Influencing Household’s Solid Waste Classification Management: The case of Hangzhou

Households’ contribution in solid waste classification and recycling of municipal household solid waste is one of the essential factors influencing municipal solid waste management. We identify and investigate the factors influencing solid waste management classification as well as mechanism used by households to dispose waste in their communities. Based on the survey data of households in Hangzhou China in three different communities, factors that affect household disposal and their degree of influence have been analyzed, followed by discussion on decision-making mechanisms. The results show that household behavioral selection has been linked to several key factors which are Environmental attitude, knowledge and education, classification facilities and services, and policies. The research has also determined to reveal the response of the people to solid waste classification, and the combined effect of the factors is almost twice that of the former. In addition, environmentally friendly facilities and programs are most successful in encouraging the involvement of household in identification and recycling. Finally, the research put forward applicable policy suggestions for the comprehensive management of municipal Household Solid Waste classification and recycling

Half-Skyrmions and the Equation of State for Compact-Star Matter

The half-skyrmions that appear in dense baryonic matter when skyrmions are put on crystals modify drastically hadron properties in dense medium and affect strongly the nuclear tensor forces, thereby influencing the equation of state (EoS) of dense nuclear and asymmetric nuclear matter. The matter comprised of half skyrmions has vanishing quark condensate but non-vanishing pion decay constant and could be interpreted as a hadronic dual of strong-coupled quark matter. We infer from this observation combined with certain predictions of hidden local symmetry in low-energy hadronic interactionsa a set of new scaling laws -- called "new-BR" -- for the parameters in nuclear effective field theory controlled by renormalization-group flow. They are subjected to the EoS of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter, and are then applied to nuclear symmetry energies and properties of compact stars. The changeover from the skyrmion matter to a half-skyrmion matter that takes place after the cross-over density $n_{1/2}$ provides a simple and natural field theoretic explanation for the change of the EoS from soft to stiff at a density above that of nuclear matter required for compact stars as massive as $\sim 2.4M_\odot$. Cross-over density in the range 1.5n_0 \lsim n_{1/2} \lsim 2.0 n_0 has been employed, and the possible skyrmion half-skyrmion coexistence {or cross-over} near $n_{1/2}$ is discussed. The novel structure of {the tensor forces and} the EoS obtained with the new-BR scaling is relevant for neutron-rich nuclei and compact star matter and could be studied in RIB (rare isotope beam) machines.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, slightly revised for PRC, in pres