Clinical value of 3D printing guide plate in core decompression plus porous bioceramics rod placement for the treatment of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Abstract Background The conventional method of core decompression combined with porous bioceramics rod is usually performed under C-arm fluoroscopy for the treatment of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This study was to evaluate the clinical value and efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) printing guide plate in the process of core decompression plus porous bioceramics rod for the treatment of early ONFH. Methods Forty patients were enrolled, including 20 patients undergoing the surgery with 3D printing guide plate in the experiment group and 20 controls with C-arm fluoroscopy. The following parameters such as surgery time, blood loss, fluoroscopy times, and the accuracy of core decompression for necrosis area, function outcome according to Harris Hip Score (HHS), and any possible complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. All the patients were followed up at 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively. Results The surgery time, fluoroscopy time, and intraoperative blood loss in the experiment group was significantly less (P  0.05). All patients were followed up for 18 months. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and final follow-up HSS scores in both groups (P < 0.05). In addition, there was also a significant difference between the groups in the last follow-up HSS scores (P < 0.05). Conclusions Compared with the traditional method, 3D printing guide plate could shorten the surgery time and fluoroscopy times and decrease intraoperative blood loss. It seems to be an effective method in the combined core decompression with porous bioceramics rod placement for early ONFH

Microbial Community Compositional Analysis for Series Reactors Treating High Level Antibiotic Wastewater

A full-scale biosystem consisting of two anaerobic reactors (HA and BF1) and four aerobic ones (BF2-BF4 and OD) in succession and receiving antibiotic-bearing (mainly streptomycin) wastewater was used for studying the impacts of antibiotics on microbial community structures. Significant decreases of streptomycin (from 3955 ± 1910 to 23.1 ± 4.7 μg L^–1) and COD_Cr were observed along the treatment process. Cloning results show that the anaerobic reactors (HA and BF1) were dominated with <i>Deltaproteobacteria</i> (51%) mainly affiliated with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), while the aerobic BF2 receiving streptomycin of 408.6 ± 59.7 μg L^–1 was dominated with <i>Betaproteobacteria</i> (34%), <i>Deltaproteobacteria</i> (31%) and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> (14%). <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i> (15.9–22.4%), <i>Betaproteobacteria</i> (10.0–20.3%), and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> (4.5–29.7%) became the major bacterial groups in aerobic BF3-OD receiving streptomycin of ≤83 ± 13 μg L^–1. Archaea affiliated with <i>Methanomethylovorans hollandica</i>-like methylotroph was abundant in HA and BF1 (archaea/bacteria, 0.54–0.40; based on specific gene copy number), suggesting the coexistence of SRB and methanogens in degrading pollutants. Fungi were abundant (fungi/bacteria, 0.15; based on specific gene copy number) with the dominance of <i>Ascomycota</i> (clone ratio of <i>Ascomycota</i>/eukarya, 25.5%) in BF2, suggesting that fungi could be an important player in pollutant removal under high levels of antibiotics. This study demonstrates that under high antibiotic levels, wastewater treatment communities may maintain system stability through adjusting bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal compositions