Resposta de mudas clonais de eucalipto cultivadas com hidrorretentor em diferentes níveis de disponibilidade hídrica

A água é um dos principais fatores que limitam o crescimento das plantas, sendo importante responsável por oscilações na produtividade das culturas. Assim, a irrigação e a inclusão de polímeros hidrorretentores podem auxiliar na manutenção de uma produção constante. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do polímero, sob diferentes manejos de irrigação, sobre o crescimento, produção e qualidade das mudas clonais de eucalipto. As mudas foram enraizadas no viveiro da empresa Fibria Celulose S. A., unidade Aracruz e transportadas para o município de Jerônimo Monteiro com 30 dias. Não houve intervenção da lâmina aplicada durante a permanência das mudas no viveiro da empresa. As variáveis avaliadas foram mensuradas ao final de cada fase do desenvolvimento das mudas: adaptação, aclimatação, crescimento e rustificação. Utilizou-se de um Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC), com quatro repetições, e a unidade experimental composta por 20 plantas. O experimento foi montado num esquema de parcela subsubdividida, com lâminas de irrigação em três níveis: L1=100% ET0, L2=75% ET0 e L3=50% ET0; o uso do hidrorretentor em dois níveis: D0= 0,0 Kg m-3 , D1= 0,50 Kg m -3 ; e analisados em quatro fases, Fase0= 35 dias, Fase1= 50 dias, Fase2= 70 dias e Fase3= 95 dias após o estaqueamento das miniestacas, sendo avaliadas aos 35 dias apenas as variáveis: sobrevivência, altura e diâmetro do coleto. Os dados experimentais obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA, e quando significativos foram realizados os desdobramentos das interações e os respectivos testes de média, sendo comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de significância de 5%. Para acompanhar o desenvolvimento e o crescimento das mudas foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis morfológicas: altura, diâmetro, massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz; foram determinados a lâmina irrigada diária, o teor de água no substrato e o potencial hídrico foliar, e a classificação das mudas de acordo com o padrão de qualidade estabelecido pela empresa Fibria S. A.. Notou-se uma variação nas mudas em resposta aos tratamentos as quais foram submetidas e as fases avaliadas. Pela análise da variância observou-se efeito significativo entre as interações triplas para as variáveis: massa seca da parte aérea e raiz, teor de água no substrato e potencial hídrico em ambos os horários, enquanto as variáveis morfológicas, altura e diâmetro do coleto ocorreram apenas interações duplas entre os fatores. Para as condições de estudo, as lâminas 100% e 75% da ET0, determinadas pela equação de Hargreaves & Samani são indicadas para irrigação de mudas do clone híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Os tratamentos os quais foram restituídos 50% da ET0, o desenvolvimento da planta expresso em termos de altura registraram decréscimos significativos nas fases avaliadas. O horário utilizado das 14 horas, para avaliação do parâmetro potencial hídrico foliar não manifestou efeitos distintos para as plantas, por ser um horário de grande atividade xv metabólica com altas taxas de transpiração, devendo-se preferir medições em horários ao amanhecer. O padrão de qualidade das mudas não é afetado pela redução em 25% da lâmina aplicada, obtendo mudas de qualidade superior.Water is a major factor limiting plant growth, being responsible for significant swings in crop productivity. Thus, polymers hidrorretentores and irrigation inclusion can assist in maintaining a constant production. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the polymer under different irrigation management about growth, yield and quality of seedlings clonal of eucalyptus. The seedlings were rooted in the nursery company Fibria Cellulose S. A, Aracruz unit and transported to the city of Jerônimo Monteiro with 30 days. There was no intervention blade applied during the stay of seedlings in the nursery operational. The evaluated variables measured at the end of each phase of development of the seedlings were: adaptation, acclimatization, growth and hardening. It was used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and the experimental unit consists of 20 plants. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot scheme, with irrigation at three levels, L1 = 100% ET0, L2 = 75% ET0 and L3 = 50% ET0; using hidrorretentor on two levels, D0 = 0.0 Kg m-3 , D1 = 0.50 kg m-3 and analyzed in four phases, Phase 0 = 35 days Phase 1 = 50 days, Phase 2 = 70 days and Phase 3 = 95 days after the cutting of the shoots, being evaluated at 35 days only variables: survival, height and stem diameter. The experimental data were subjected to ANOVA, and when significant developments were made of interactions and their average tests being compared by Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. To monitor the development and growth of the seedlings were evaluated for morphological variables: height, diameter, dry mass of shoots and roots; were determined to blade irrigated daily, the substrate water content and leaf water potential; and the classification of plants according to the quality standards set by the company Fibria S. A.. It was noticed a variation in seedlings in response to treatments which were submitted and evaluated phases. By analysis of variance showed a significant effect for triple interactions between variables: dry mass of shoots and roots, substrate water content and water potential in both schedules, while morphological variables, height and stem diameter occurred only double interactions between factors. For the study conditions, the blades 100% and 75% of ET0, determined by the equation of Hargreaves & Samani are suitable for irrigation of seedlings of hybrid clone of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. The treatments which were returned 50% ET0, plant development when expressed in terms of height recorded significant decreases at the phases evaluated. The used time of 14 hours, for evaluation parameter leaf water potential does not manisfested different effects for plants, because it is a time of high metabolic activity with high rates of transpiration, should prefer in the morning hours. The standard of quality seedlings is not affected by the 25% reduction in blade applied, obtaining higher quality seedlings

Pixel-Reasoning-Based Robotics Fine Grasping for Novel Objects with Deep EDINet Structure.

Robotics grasp detection has mostly used the extraction of candidate grasping rectangles; those discrete sampling methods are time-consuming and may ignore the potential best grasp synthesis. This paper proposes a new pixel-level grasping detection method on RGB-D images. Firstly, a fine grasping representation is introduced to generate the gripper configurations of parallel-jaw, which can effectively resolve the gripper approaching conflicts and improve the applicability to unknown objects in cluttered scenarios. Besides, the adaptive grasping width is used to adaptively represent the grasping attribute, which is fine for objects. Then, the encoder-decoder-inception convolution neural network (EDINet) is proposed to predict the fine grasping configuration. In our findings, EDINet uses encoder, decoder, and inception modules to improve the speed and robustness of pixel-level grasping detection. The proposed EDINet structure was evaluated on the Cornell and Jacquard dataset; our method achieves 98.9% and 96.1% test accuracy, respectively. Finally, we carried out the grasping experiment on the unknown objects, and the results show that the average success rate of our network model is 97.2% in a single object scene and 93.7% in a cluttered scene, which out-performs the state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, EDINet completes a grasp detection pipeline within only 25 ms

Régulation de l'expression génétique du facteur tissulaire et de l'angiogenèse par Hypb, H3K36 methyltransferase

La thèse décrit, dans le premier chapitre, les effets opposés sur la régulation de l'expression du gène du facteur tissulaire (TF) par la voie PI3K/Akt et la voie Erk1/2 in vitro. TF est une molécule clé pour initier la coagulation du sang. Son rôle est maintenant connu au développement embryonnaire, le maintien de l'intégrité vasculaire et la réparation tissulaire. De fait que divers cancers expriment des niveaux aberrantes du TF qui sont corrélés avec le pronostic, TF pourrait réellement favorise la croissance tumorale, l'angiogenèse et la métastase. En utilisant une lignée cellulaire épithéliale de cancer du sein MDA-MB-231, nous avons quantifié l'expression du gène du TF par le test luminescent, qPCR, western blot, et d'activité TF associée aux cellules in vitro. Nous avons constaté que 1) PI3K/Akt est la principale voie qui active l'expression des gènes TF. 2) L'activité Erk1 / 2 inhibe l'expression du gène TF; 3) le blocage de la voie Erk1/2par PD98059 induit une expression aberrante du gène du TF via sur-activation du récepteur du EGF; 4) cette sur-expression du TF peut être neutralisé par le blocage de l'EGFR et de la voie PI3K/Akt; 5) cette sur-expression induite par l'inhibition de Erk1/2est une caractéristique commune pour les lignées de cellules épithéliales cancéreuses testés, comme SKOV-3-3 et OVCAR ; 6) la forme soluble du TF suite à l'épissage alternatif représente une faible proportion de l'ARNm de TF totale et 7) Le niveau d’expression duTF des cellules MDA-MB-231 est corrélée à une activité procoagulante cellulaire et à l'invasivité des cellules in vitro. Cette étude a révélé une boucle de régulation négative de l’Erk1/2 vis-à-vis du l’activité du EGFR, ce qui suggère un effet indésirable des agents thérapeutiques ciblant l’Erk dans la clinique.La thèse décrit, dans le deuxième chapitre, les éléments de preuve de la fonction angiogénique de Hypb, une H3K36 méthyltransférase avec Hypb-/ - knockout souris.Ces souris ont montré une létalité embryonnaire à E10.5-E11.5 et de graves anomalies vasculaires dans le sac vitellin d'embryons et le placenta. Les expériences avec des cellules endothéliales HMEC-1 in vitro utilisant l’anti-Hypb siARN ont démontré défaut de migration et d’invasion cellulaire. En outre, les cellules traitées ont perdu la capacité de former des vaisseaux. Ces données sont bien cohérente avec l'analyse histologique de embryons Hypb-/- de souris dont le réseau complexe de ramification vaisseaux embryonnaires et la circulation sanguine étaient absentes. L'analyse génétique sur sac vitellin avec microarray ont suggéré une association entre le défaut de l'angiogenèse dans Hypb-/ - souris et la déréglementation de la sécrétion des protéines Angptl3 etCyr61, qui pourraient se lier à avß3. Il a également souligné le rôle de l'angiogénine,Angptl3 et Gja4 dans ce défaut, parce que lien de ces gènes à l'angiogenèse étaient démontrés. Mécanismes plausibles sont explorés. La régulation épigénétique de l'angiogenèse est une question importante parce qu'elle contrôle la régulation spatiale et temporelle de l'expression de milliers de gènes. Notre étude suggère clairement un rôle clé de Hypb et H3K36 méthylation et Hypb mécanismes liés aux processus de vascularisation chez les mammifères (vasculogenèse et l'angiogenèse). L'angiogenèse est importante pour la recherche fondamentale et application médicale dans les maladies cardio-vasculaires et de la thérapie anti-cancereuse. Nous espérons que de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques ciblant les voies épigénétiques permettra d'offrir de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques.The thesis described, in the first chapter, an opposite regulatory effects of PI3K/Akt pathway and Erk1/2 pathway on tissue factor(TF) gene expression in vitro. TF is a keymolecule required to initiate blood coagulation, and is now accepted to be essential forembryo development, maintenance of vascular integrity and tissue repair. Since a variety of cancers show aberrant prognostics-correlated high levels of TF expression, it is believed that TF promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Using an epithelial breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, we quantified TF gene expression by luminescent test, qPCR, western blot, and cell-associated TF activity in vitro. We found that 1) PI3K/Akt is the major pathway that activates TF gene expression. 2) Erk1/2activity inhibits TF gene expression; 3) blocking Erk1/2 by PD98059 aberrant lyupregulates TF gene expression via enhancing EGFR activity; 4) this enhanced TF expression can be neutralized by blocking EGFR and PI3K/Akt pathway activation; 5) TF upregulation induced by Erk inhibition is a common feature in the tested epithelial cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3; 6) Soluble form of TF due to alternative splicing represents a small proportion of total TF mRNA and 7) The level of TF gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cells is correlated to cell procoagulant activity and cell invasiveness in vitro. This study revealed a negative feedback loop of Erk-mediated EGFR inhibitions,suggesting an undesirable effect of the agents targeting Erk in clinic.The thesis described, in the second chapter, the evidence of angiogenic function of Hypb,a H3K36 methyltransferase with Hypb-/- knockout mice. These mice demonstrated embryonic lethality at E10.5-E11.5 and severe vascular defects in the Hypb−/− embryo,yolk sac, and placenta. The experiments with endothelial cells HMEC-1 in vitro using anti-Hypb siRNA demonstrated defective cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the treated cells lost the capacity of vessel formation. These data were well coherent with histological analysis of Hypb-/- mice embryos that lacked the intricate network of branching embryonic vessels and showed disrupted blood flow. The genetic microarray analysis on yolk sac suggested an association between the defect of angiogenesis inHypb-/- mice and deregulated Angptl3 and Cyr61 protein release, since both of which could bind to αvβ3. It also suggested the roles of angiogenin, Angptl3 and Gja4 in this defect because these angiogenesis-related genes were downregulated. Plausible mechanisms are discussed. The epigenetic regulation of angiogenesis is an important issue because it controls the spatial and temporal regulation of expression of thousands of genes. Our study clearly suggests a key role of Hypb and H3K36 methylation and Hypb-related mechanisms in the processes of mammalian vascularization (vasculogenesis and angiogenesis). Angiogenesis is important for both basic researchand medical application in cardiovascular diseases and cancer therapeutics. We believe that novel therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic pathways will achieve real benefit in medical practices

Highly efficient complete oxidation of dilute benzene over ultrafine Cu0.1Ce0.5Zr0.4O2-delta catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor

Ultrafine Cu0.1Ce0.5Zr0.4O2-delta catalyst operated in a fluidized bed reactor was found to be very effective for complete oxidation of dilute benzene in air. The complete conversion of benzene could be achieved at reaction temperature as low as 220 degrees C. The mechanism of benzene oxidation over the Cu0.1Ce0.5Zr0.4O2-delta catalyst was investigated by conducting pulse reaction of pure benzene in the absence of O-2 over the catalyst and the results indicated the involvement of lattice oxygen from the catalyst in benzene oxidation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Chem. Lett.

Alkaline-earth carbonates (M = Ca, Sr, and Ba) with delicate hierarchical structures were prepared via self-assembly of nanocrystals in solution without using any surfactant at room temperature. The CO2 generated during the coprecipitation is believed to play an important role in the formation of these structures.Alkaline-earth carbonates (M = Ca, Sr, and Ba) with delicate hierarchical structures were prepared via self-assembly of nanocrystals in solution without using any surfactant at room temperature. The CO2 generated during the coprecipitation is believed to play an important role in the formation of these structures

Enhanced catalytic activity and stability of Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalyst for acetone combustion: Effect of calcination temperature

The aim of this work was to improve the catalytic activity and stability of Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalyst for acetone combustion by varying the preparation route. Nanocrystalline Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method combined with a supercritical drying technique and calcination steps. The effect of calcination temperature on the structural feature and the catalytic behavior of the Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalyst was examined in order to obtain the best catalytic performance and identify any factor that may be favorable for acetone combustion. The structural characteristics of the catalysts calcined at different temperatures were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) techniques. The experimental results revealed that the structure and catalytic performance of the as-prepared Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalyst were dependent on the calcination temperature. The catalyst calcined at 700 degrees C exhibited the best catalytic activity for acetone combustion and could catalyze the complete combustion of acetone at a temperature as low as 200 degrees C with almost 100% CO2 selectivity. The endurance tests showed that the developed catalysts calcined from 400 to 700 degrees C possessed good stability for acetone combustion over 50 h of continuous operation despite their different stability behaviors under the present experimental conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Catalytic combustion kinetics of acetone and toluene over Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalyst

Catalytic combustion kinetics of acetone and toluene at low concentrations in air over the previous Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalysts calcined at different temperatures was investigated in order to gain more insight into their catalytic behaviors. A differential packed-bed tubular reactor operated at atmospheric pressure was used to obtain the kinetic data. Reactions were carried out at temperatures between 423 and 483 K and organic compound partial pressures ranging from 10 to 101 Pa. Results showed that the simple power-law model was not enough to represent the kinetics of acetone or toluene combustion over the catalyst. The apparent reaction order and the apparent activation energy for acetone or toluene combustion over the catalyst varied with inlet compound partial pressure and reaction temperature, respectively. Based on the experimental evidence and available information in literature, a kinetic expression assuming reaction between adsorbed acetone and lattice oxygen was proposed to describe acetone combustion and a Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) equation assuming reaction between adsorbed toluene and adsorbed oxygen on different adsorption sites was used to account for toluene combustion. It was found that the kinetic equation derived from the mechanistic considerations provided fairly good fits to the kinetic data for catalytic combustion of acetone or toluene over the Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalyst. The estimated kinetic parameters of the Cu0.13Ce0.87Oy catalysts calcined at different temperatures were compared and the main difference among the three catalysts for acetone and toluene combustion was revealed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Morphology controlled synthesis of hierarchical structured Fe2O3 from natural ilmenite and its high performance for dyes adsorption

A facile method using acid leachate of ilmenite as the precursor has been successfully developed to tailor the structure of Fe2O3. The morphology and structure of the final product can be controlled from nanoparticles, microcubes, rhombohedrons to microspheres by varying the synthetic parameters. Detailed characterization showed that the microspheres had a hierarchical structure and was actually consisted of nanoblocks subunits. A possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of the hierarchically structured Fe2O3 microspheres. Due to its large surface area and abundant functional groups, the Fe2O3 microspheres could efficiently remove organic dyes in aqueous solution. The measured maximum adsorption capacities were 723.8, 150.7, and 54.5 mg/g for Congo red, Methyl orange, and Methylene blue, respectively, which were generally higher than those for Fe2O3 with other structures reported in literature. This work provides a novel approach to using waste as the resource for the preparation of low-cost and efficient adsorbent materials.</p

Sensitivity analysis of mesoscale structural parameters for simulation of fluidized beds

This study presents new numerical drag models with which to analyze the sensitivity of mesoscale structural parameters in bubbling, turbulent, and circulating fluidized beds. The drag models are derived using the method of transfer-coefficient-based structural parameters (TC-SP). Analyzing the sensitivity of the structural parameters reveals that the coefficients associated with drag are more sensitive to parameters in the dense phase than to those in the dilute phase, especially the superficial slip velocity. On the basis of these results, the TC-SP drag model is simplified further. Interestingly, despite having half the number of parameters of conventional structure -based drag models, the simplified TC-SP drag model achieves simulation results that are equally or more accurate. With simple calculations and improved accuracy using coarse grids, the model reported in this study is capable of predicting the hydrodynamics of the three types of fluidized beds. (C) 2019 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved