32,006 research outputs found
Lacie phase 1 Classification and Mensuration Subsystem (CAMS) rework experiment
An experiment was designed to test the ability of the Classification and Mensuration Subsystem rework operations to improve wheat proportion estimates for segments that had been processed previously. Sites selected for the experiment included three in Kansas and three in Texas, with the remaining five distributed in Montana and North and South Dakota. The acquisition dates were selected to be representative of imagery available in actual operations. No more than one acquisition per biophase were used, and biophases were determined by actual crop calendars. All sites were worked by each of four Analyst-Interpreter/Data Processing Analyst Teams who reviewed the initial processing of each segment and accepted or reworked it for an estimate of the proportion of small grains in the segment. Classification results, acquisitions and classification errors and performance results between CAMS regular and ITS rework are tabulated
Entry pathways of herpes simplex virus type 1 into human keratinocytes are dynamin- and cholesterol-dependent
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can enter cells via endocytic pathways or direct fusion at the plasma membrane depending on the cell line and receptor(s). Most studies into virus entry have used cultured fibroblasts but since keratinocytes represent the primary entry site for HSV-1 infection in its human host, we initiated studies to characterize the entry pathway of HSV-1 into human keratinocytes. Electron microscopy studies visualized free capsids in the cytoplasm and enveloped virus particles in vesicles suggesting viral uptake both by direct fusion at the plasma membrane and by endocytic vesicles. The ratio of the two entry modes differed in primary human keratinocytes and in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Inhibitor studies further support a role for endocytosis during HSV-1 entry. Infection was inhibited by the cholesterol-sequestering drug methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, which demonstrates the requirement for host cholesterol during virus entry. Since the dynamin-specific inhibitor dynasore and overexpression of a dominant-negative dynamin mutant blocked infection, we conclude that the entry pathways into keratinocytes are dynamin-mediated. Electron microscopy studies confirmed that virus uptake is completely blocked when the GTPase activity of dynamin is inhibited. Ex vivo infection of murine epidermis that was treated with dynasore further supports the essential role of dynamin during entry into the epithelium. Thus, we conclude that HSV-1 can enter human keratinocytes by alternative entry pathways that require dynamin and host cholesterol
Interpenetration as a Mechanism for Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions
We study simple lattice systems to demonstrate the influence of
interpenetrating bond networks on phase behavior. We promote interpenetration
by using a Hamiltonian with a weakly repulsive interaction with nearest
neighbors and an attractive interaction with second-nearest neighbors. In this
way, bond networks will form between second-nearest neighbors, allowing for two
(locally) distinct networks to form. We obtain the phase behavior from analytic
solution in the mean-field approximation and exact solution on the Bethe
lattice. We compare these results with exact numerical results for the phase
behavior from grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations on square, cubic, and
tetrahedral lattices. All results show that these simple systems exhibit rich
phase diagrams with two fluid-fluid critical points and three thermodynamically
distinct phases. We also consider including third-nearest-neighbor
interactions, which give rise to a phase diagram with four critical points and
five thermodynamically distinct phases. Thus the interpenetration mechanism
provides a simple route to generate multiple liquid phases in single-component
systems, such as hypothesized in water and observed in several model and
experimental systems. Additionally, interpenetration of many such networks
appears plausible in a recently considered material made from nanoparticles
functionalized by single strands of DNA.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Recycle-GAN: Unsupervised Video Retargeting
We introduce a data-driven approach for unsupervised video retargeting that
translates content from one domain to another while preserving the style native
to a domain, i.e., if contents of John Oliver's speech were to be transferred
to Stephen Colbert, then the generated content/speech should be in Stephen
Colbert's style. Our approach combines both spatial and temporal information
along with adversarial losses for content translation and style preservation.
In this work, we first study the advantages of using spatiotemporal constraints
over spatial constraints for effective retargeting. We then demonstrate the
proposed approach for the problems where information in both space and time
matters such as face-to-face translation, flower-to-flower, wind and cloud
synthesis, sunrise and sunset.Comment: ECCV 2018; Please refer to project webpage for videos -
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~aayushb/Recycle-GA
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Effect of Blood Pressure Control on Long-Term Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease and Death Among Subgroups of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.
Background Our objective was to explore the effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) control on kidney and death outcomes among subgroups of patients with chronic kidney disease divided by baseline proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, age, and body mass index. Methods and Results We included 840 MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) trial and 1067 AASK (African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension) participants. We used Cox models to examine whether the association between intensive BP control and risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death is modified by baseline proteinuria (≥0.44 versus <0.44 g/g), glomerular filtration rate (≥30 versus <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2), age (≥40 versus <40 years), or body mass index (≥30 versus <30 kg/m2). The median follow-up was 14.9 years. Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against ESRD (hazard ratio [HR]ESRD, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.92) among those with proteinuria ≥0.44 g/g but not proteinuria <0.44 g/g. Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against death (HRdeath, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92) among those with glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 but not glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (HRdeath, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.84-1.15). Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against ESRD among those ≥40 years (HRESRD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.94) but not <40 years. Strict (versus usual) BP control was also protective against ESRD among those with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (HRESRD, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.92) but not body mass index <30 kg/m2. Conclusions The ESRD and all-cause mortality benefits of intensive BP lowering may not be uniform across all subgroups of patients with chronic kidney disease. But intensive BP lowering was not associated with increased risk of ESRD or death among any subgroups that we examined
Collapsing lattice animals and lattice trees in two dimensions
We present high statistics simulations of weighted lattice bond animals and
lattice trees on the square lattice, with fugacities for each non-bonded
contact and for each bond between two neighbouring monomers. The simulations
are performed using a newly developed sequential sampling method with
resampling, very similar to the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) used
for linear chain polymers. We determine with high precision the line of second
order transitions from an extended to a collapsed phase in the resulting
2-dimensional phase diagram. This line includes critical bond percolation as a
multicritical point, and we verify that this point divides the line into two
different universality classes. One of them corresponds to the collapse driven
by contacts and includes the collapse of (weakly embeddable) trees, but the
other is {\it not yet} bond driven and does not contain the Derrida-Herrmann
model as special point. Instead it ends at a multicritical point where a
transition line between two collapsed phases (one bond-driven and the other
contact-driven) sparks off. The Derrida-Herrmann model is representative for
the bond driven collapse, which then forms the fourth universality class on the
transition line (collapsing trees, critical percolation, intermediate regime,
and Derrida-Herrmann). We obtain very precise estimates for all critical
exponents for collapsing trees. It is already harder to estimate the critical
exponents for the intermediate regime. Finally, it is very difficult to obtain
with our method good estimates of the critical parameters of the
Derrida-Herrmann universality class. As regards the bond-driven to
contact-driven transition in the collapsed phase, we have some evidence for its
existence and rough location, but no precise estimates of critical exponents.Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures, 1 tabl
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