279 research outputs found
The intermediate line region in active galactic nuclei
We show that the recently observed suppression of the gap between the broad
line region (BLR) and the narrow line region (NLR) in some AGN can be fully
explained by an increase of the gas density in the emitting region. Our model
predicts the formation of the intermediate line region (ILR) that is observed
in some Seyfert galaxies by the detection of emission lines with intermediate
velocity full width half maximum (FWHM) 700 - 1200 km s. These
lines are believed to be originating from an ILR located somewhere between the
BLR and NLR. As it was previously proved, the apparent gap is assumed to be
caused by the presence of dust beyond the sublimation radius. Our computations
with the use of {\sc cloudy} photoionization code, show that the differences in
the shape of spectral energy distribution (SED) from the central region of AGN,
do not diminish the apparent gap in the line emission in those objects. A
strong discontinuity in the line emission vs radius exists for all lines at the
dust sublimation radius. However, increasing the gas density to
10 cm at the sublimation radius provides the continuous line
emission vs radius and fully explains the recently observed lack of apparent
gap in some AGN. We show that such a high density is consistent with the
density of upper layers of an accretion disk atmosphere. Therefore, the upper
layers of the disk atmosphere can give rise to the formation of observed
emission line clouds.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Intermediate-line Emission in AGNs: The Effect of Prescription of the Gas Density
The requirement of intermediate line component in the recently observed
spectra of several AGNs points to possibility of the existence of a physically
separate region between broad line region (BLR) and narrow line region (NLR).
In this paper we explore the emission from intermediate line region (ILR) by
using the photoionization simulations of the gas clouds distributed radially
from the AGN center. The gas clouds span distances typical for BLR, ILR and
NLR, and the appearance of dust at the sublimation radius is fully taken into
account in our model. Single cloud structure is calculated under the assumption
of the constant pressure. We show that the slope of the power law cloud density
radial profile does not affect the existence of ILR in major types of AGN. We
found that the low ionization iron line, Fe~II, appears to be highly sensitive
for the presence of dust and therefore becomes potential tracer of dust content
in line emitting regions. We show that the use of disk-like cloud density
profile computed at the upper part of the accretion disc atmosphere reproduces
the observed properties of the line emissivities. In particular, the distance
of H line inferred from our model agrees with that obtained from the
reverberation mapping studies in Sy1 galaxy NGC 5548.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure
Jakość rządzenia i sprawność biurokratyczna a polityka spójności na tle tradycji kulturowej Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
The topic of research was a hypothesis concerning the impact of cohesion policy on the quality of governance and bureaucratic efficiency in the context of socio-cultural conditions. The units of observation were the nations and regions of Central and Eastern Europe. The cultural factors were described in terms of the historical evolution of the correlates of social capital. Calculations were performed using international databases for nations and regions. Quality of governance was measured using: QoG (Quality of Governance) and the regional quality of governance indicator: EQI (European Quality Index). Quality of governance measured by QoG is a function of social capital and the financial resources of public administrations. In Poland, the modification of the separation of powers that began in 2015 has not yet affected governance indicators. However, in Hungary, the change in government and subsequent decline in the quality of government was preceded by a deep crisis of civil society. Cohesion policy was treated as a distinct case of a cultural import. Regional studies based on EQI have shown that cohesion policy funds have led to improved functioning of public administration bodies, but did not result in a better EQI rating. The significance of changes in socio-cultural factors on improved bureaucratic efficiency is uncertain. Changes in external factors (social capital) promote improved functioning of public administrations in Central and Eastern European countries. However, the style of leadership may present a clear barrier to these influences. This cultural import has not brought about any visible transformation in organizational culture.Przedmiotem badań była hipoteza dotycząca wpływu polityki spójności na jakość rządzenia i sprawność biurokratyczną na tle uwarunkowań społeczno-kulturowych. Jednostkami obserwacji były regiony i państwa Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Czynniki kulturowe opisano w kategoriach historycznej ewolucji korelatów kapitału społecznego. Obliczenia przeprowadzono w oparciu o międzynarodowe bazy danych dla państw i regionów. Do pomiaru jakości rządzenia użyto wskaźników: QoG (Quality of Gowernace) i regionalnego wskaźnika jakości rządzenia EQI (European Quality Index). Jakość rządzenia mierzona wskaźnikiem QoG jest funkcją kapitału społecznego i wyposażenia w zasoby finansowe administracji publicznej. Zapoczątkowane w 2015 r. w Polsce modyfikacje trójpodziału władzy, nie przełożyły się, jak na razie, na wskaźniki jakości rządzenia. Natomiast na Węgrzech zmiana rządu i późniejszy spadek jakości rządzenia były poprzedzone głębokim kryzysem społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Polityka spójności została potraktowana jako szczególny przypadek importu kulturowego. Badania regionalne w oparciu o wskaźnik EQI pokazały, że środki polityki spójności przyczyniły się do poprawy funkcjonowania organów administracji publicznej, ale nie wpłynęły na poprawę wskaźnika EQI. Znaczenie zmian czynników społeczno-kulturowych dla poprawy sprawności biurokratycznej jest ambiwalentne. Zmiany czynników zewnętrznych (kapitał społeczny) sprzyjają poprawie funkcjonowania administracji publicznej w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Natomiast styl kierowania będzie stanowił wyraźną barierę wobec tych oddziaływań. Import kulturowy nie spowodował wyraźnych przemian kultury organizacyjnej
The dust origin of the Broad Line Region and the model consequences for AGN unification scheme
We propose a very simple physical mechanism responsible for the formation of
the Low Ionization Line part of the Broad Line Region in Active Galactic
Nuclei. It explains the scaling of the Broad Line Region size with the
monochromatic luminosity, including the exact slope and the proportionality
constant, seen in the reverberation studies of nearby sources. The scaling is
independent from the mass and accretion rate of an active nucleus. The
mechanism predicts the formation of a dust-driven wind in the disk region where
the local effective temperature of a non-illuminated accretion disk drops below
1000 K and allows for dust formation. We explore now the predictive power of
the model with the aim to differentiate between this model and the previously
proposed mechanisms of the formation of the Broad Line Region. We discuss the
expected departures from the universal scaling at long wavelength, and the role
of the inclination angle of the accretion disk in the source. We compare the
expected line profiles with Mg II line profiles in the quasars observed by us
with the SALT telescope. We also discuss the tests based on the presence or
absence of the broad emission lines in low luminosity active galaxies. Finally,
we discuss the future tests of the model to be done with expected ground-based
observations and satellite missions.Comment: Based the talk presented during the COSPAR 2014 meeting, Advances in
Space Research (in press
The mass of the black hole in RE J1034+396
The black hole mass measurement in active galaxies is a challenge,
particularly in sources where the reverberation method cannot be applied. We
aim to determine the black hole mass in a very special object, RE J1034+396,
one of the two AGN with QPO oscillations detected in X-rays, and a single
bright AGN with optical band totally dominated by starlight. We fit the stellar
content using the code starlight, and the broad band disk contribution to
optical/UV/X-ray emission is modeled with optxagnf. We also determine the black
hole mass using several other independent methods. Various methods give
contradictory results. Most measurements of the blacc hole mass are in the
range 1.e6-1.e7 Msun, and the measurements based on dynamics give higher values
than measurements based on Hbeta and Mg II emission lines.Comment: A&A, in pres
Towards equation of state of dark energy from quasar monitoring: reverberation strategy
Context. High-redshift quasars can be used to constrain the equation of state of dark energy. They can serve as a complementary tool to supernovae Type Ia, especially at z > 1
A Poincar\'e-Birkhoff theorem for tight Reeb flows on
We consider Reeb flows on the tight -sphere admitting a pair of closed
orbits forming a Hopf link. If the rotation numbers associated to the
transverse linearized dynamics at these orbits fail to satisfy a certain
resonance condition then there exist infinitely many periodic trajectories
distinguished by their linking numbers with the components of the link. This
result admits a natural comparison to the Poincar\'e-Birkhoff theorem on
area-preserving annulus homeomorphisms. An analogous theorem holds on
and applies to geodesic flows of Finsler metrics on .Comment: 67 pages. To appear in Inventiones Mathematica
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