Environmental Condition of Kecskemét from the Point of View of the Climate Change

Nowadays climate change has become a reality. As a result, the focus has been on avoiding, mitigating and adjusting to expected adverse effects. In this study, we focus on Kecskemét, which is the largest city on the sand ridge between the Danube and Tisza rivers. The city is highly exposed to the negative effects of the climate change, that is why we investigated the elements of the environmental condition in the city. These elements have a significant role on the adaptation

Tasks and Suggestions for the Adaptation to the Climate Change in Kecskemét

Adapting to the expected negative impacts of climate change in our region is a strategic task in order to preserve the ecological conditions of the region and ensure the conditions for sustainable development. Responsible management of local water resources is essential (rainwater and purified sewage, saving water use) together with water supply, rational land-use change, deliberate management of green spaces, and eco-friendly urban planning/design. These serve both to preserve the natural features of the area, to ensure the sustainable use of landscape resources and to ensure the long-term viability and operability of the city

Geoecological Studies on the Karstic Surfaces of the Planned Protected Area in Western Mecsek, South Hungary

Na podlagi izsledkov starejših raziskav je bil zahodni del pogorja Mecsek vključen v naravni park Donava - Drava. Zato je bilo treba raziskati tudi prsti in rastlinstvo. Raziskave prsti so bile usmerjene predvsem v določanje pH in merjenje vsebnosti kalcija. To je pomembno za nadaljnje raziskave o vsebnosti težkih kovin v prsti. Vegetacijske raziskave so obsegale vodno bilanco, reakcijo prsti in njihovo kategorizacijo z vidika varstva narave. Posredni človekov vpliv na to kraško ozemlje se kaže v splošnem zniževanju pH. To pa je manjše v vrtačah, ker imajo te prsti razmeroma visoko vsebnost kalcija. Pravilnost zaščite tega kraškega območja opravičujejo rastlinske združbe z visokim deležem zaščitenih vrst med spremljajočimi vrstami. Raziskave potrjujejo, da je nujno ohraniti sedanje stanje, za kar pa je potrebna ustrezna zaščita.Earlier studies on the karst in Western Mecsek have already shown that this area is worth protection due to its quite well preserved natural state. In consequence, declaring the karstic territory with its wider environment as a protected area is being considered in the Danube-Drava Natural Park. In order to prove the almost untouched natural state of an area good starting point is to examine its soil and flora. Soil studies focus on determining the pH, detecting any tendency of a shift towards lower pH values and on examining the carbonate content. In the future measurements to check the heavy metal content that are especially suitable for showing the levels of anthropogenic contamination will be added to these studies. Investigations on the flora based on the examination of water balance, soil reaction and determination of the rank according to the categories of nature conservation value offer a support to the claim of being protected. The results show that indirect anthropogenic effects can be detected by the pH shift towards lower values, but the same tendency of turning acidic is less characteristic in dolines which are the most sensitive points of karstic fields. However, the relatively high carbonate content favours the resistance against felling pH values. Examining the vegetation, and paying special attention to the ranking into nature conservation categories, a significantly high ratio of association - forming and accompanying species and the presence of protected species in relatively high numbers can be seen that proves the nature conserving feature of the territory. On the basis of the investigations carried out the maintenance of the present state of the territory is a desirable objective and in order to realize it the protection of the area is absolutely justified

Economic and environmental aspects of cellulose-based bioethanol production in Hungary

First generation bioethanol production and its use as fuel were characterized by a significant take- off in the mid-2000s. The fast growth was followed by a very sharp slowdown in line with the changed position of the European Union. The change of direction aims that priority should be given to the polysaccharide-based materials from the potential raw materials of bioethanol production, which are available not from crops, but in the form of agricultural and forestry waste and by-products. The role, economic and environmental aspects of bioethanol as the fuel of the future arise open issues. With our examinations we want to contribute to respond to those questions which analyse the impacts and economy of the bioethanol production based on agricultural by-products. In this framework we compared the quantity of cellulose can be obtained from potential raw materials, we made economic calculations, and we analysed the impacts of raw material acquisition on landscape ecology. Our aim in all of this was to map the advantages and disadvantages of the second generation bioethanol production