Garbage Supplements Fed to Hogs at Prairie View State College

Garbage is fed to hogs at Prairie View State College with varying degrees of sucess. The results of the experiment given in this Thesis is intended to familiarize interested persons with the possibilities of the business when it is intelligently managed. Very little work has been done on this feeding of garbage supplements to hogs by any experiment stations or any college due to the varying composition of garbage. Feeding garbage supplements to hogs in a proper manner makes possible the conversion of the waste from the Prairie View State College Dining Hall into wholesome meat, thus giving back to the Dining Hall a supply of pork and at the same time affording the Dining Hall an economical and efficient method of garbage disposal

Community Engagement at UNO

Presented at the President\u27s Advisory Counci

A Comparison Of Shovel Testing And Surface Collection As Archaeological Site Discovery Methods: A Case Study Using Mississippian Farmsteads

Shovel testing and controlled surface collection are commethods of archaeological site investigation that are generally approved by state and federal agencies as well as the academic community for cultural resource management projects and research. While both techniques are equally utilized, little research has been conducted on how equivalent these techniques are in terms of their efficacy for finding site. This thesis seeks to find a way to compare these techniques by creating mathematical models to describe how well the methods behave when tested on known datasets generated from Mississippian period farmsteads. The predicted performance can then be compared to real world results of investigations. A discussion then follows on the implications for treating the investigation techniques as equivalent and recommendations are made to adjust for survey efficacy bias in future research designs

Tribological optimisation of the internal combustion engine piston to bore conjunction through surface modification

Internal combustion (IC) engines used in road transport applications employ pistons to convert gas pressure into mechanical work. Frictional losses abound within IC engines, where only 38- 51% of available fuel energy results in useful mechanical work. Piston-bore and ring-bore conjunctions are fairly equally responsible for circa 30% of all engine friction - equivalent to 1.6% of the input fuel each. Therefore, reduction in piston assembly friction would have a direct impact on specific performance and / or fuel consumption. In motorsport, power outputs and duty cycles greatly exceed road applications. Consequently, these engines have a shorter useful life and a high premium is placed on measures which would increase the output power without further reducing engine life. Reduction of friction offers such an opportunity, which may be achieved by improved tribological design in terms of reduced contact area or enhanced lubrication or both. However, the developments in the motorsport sector are typically reactive due to a lack of relative performance or an ad-hoc reliance, based upon a limited number of actual engine tests in order to determine if any improvement can be achieved as the result of some predetermined action. A representative scientific model generally does not exist and as such, investigated parameters are often driven by the supply chain with the promise of improvement. In cylinder investigations are usually limited to bore surface finish, bore and piston geometrical form, piston skirt coatings and the lubricant employed. Of these investigated areas newly emerging surface coatings are arguably seen as predominate. This thesis highlights a scientific approach which has been developed to optimise piston-bore performance. Pre-existing methods of screening and benchmarking alterations have been retained such as engine testing. However, this has been placed in the context of validation of scientifically driven development. A multi-physics numerical model is developed, which combines piston inertial dynamics, as well as thermo-structural strains within a thermoelastohydrodynamic tribological framework. Experimental tests were performed to validate the findings of numerical models. These tests include film thickness measurement and incylinder friction measurement, as well as the numerically-indicated beneficial surface modifications. Experimental testing was performed on an in-house motored engine at Capricorn Automotive, a dynamometer mounted single-cylinder ‘fired’ engine at Loughborough University, as well as on other engines belonging to third party clients of Capricorn. The diversity of tests was to ascertain the generic nature of any findings. The multi-physics multi-scale combined numerical-experimental investigation is the main contribution of this thesis to knowledge. One major finding of the thesis is the significant role that bulk thermo-structural deformation makes on the contact conformity of piston skirt to cylinder liner contact, thus advising piston skirt design. Another key finding is the beneficial role of textured surfaces in the retention of reservoirs of lubricant, thus reducing friction

Maker Fridays: Engaging Rural and Underrepresented High School Students in Pre-Engineering Design and Creativity

The engineering field struggles to develop sufficient interest and sustained participation across underrepresented demographic groups including women and individuals from rural, Hispanic, or Native American origin. It is critical to foster interest in engineering during formative years when students are deciding career paths. Northeast Community College (Northeast) addressed the shortage of diverse students entering into engineering fields by developing a course to engage rural and underrepresented high school students in maker design and creativity and to determine best practices that attract and retain these students. The Maker Fridays pre-engineering course was part of the Fridays@Northeast program that targets high school seniors, offering them the opportunity to learn from College faculty using Northeast lab spaces and classrooms to earn college credit. Northeast augmented an existing by incorporating a maker design area at the South Sioux City and Norfolk campuses. There were three cohorts of high school students involved in the EAGER Maker project at Northeast Community College throughout its two-year duration (Fall 2018, Spring 2019, and Fall 2019). Among the three cohorts, twenty-one students were enrolled in the course with eleven students participating in the research component, resulting in a 52% participation rate. The Maker Fridays project was designed to engage rural and underrepresented high school students in maker design and creativity and determine best practices that attract and retain these students. Through the Maker Fridays project, high school students were provided with learning activities and career exploration that will help them understand engineering while earning them college credits that will lead right into a program of study upon high school graduation. The researchers worked with the instructor to collect baseline and relevant continuing data on student background, academic preparation, engineering perceptions, career interests, course engagement, and overall student experiences. This was accomplished through a combination of student assessments, recorded class sessions reviews, and in- person class visits. The intent of the research study was to create a theoretical explanation for the development of interest in engineering careers for students from underrepresented demographic groups including women and individuals from rural, Hispanic, or Native American origin. However, the failure of Northeast to meet enrollment goals resulted in insufficient sample sizes for theoretical development. Thus, we are only able to report descriptive characteristics and general thematic findings from this study. In order to protect participants’ confidentiality, we cannot make the deidentified dataset available through the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) at the University of Michigan as originally planned. However, the tools developed for this study and related codebooks are available as appendices to this report. There is a continued need to increase the number and diversity of students who pursue and complete engineering degrees to meet current and future national workforce needs. The Maker Fridays project will impact Northeast\u27s rural revitalization efforts due to the significant regional workforce demand for engineers. A major emphasis of this project was the focused partnerships created by inviting college faculty, educational researchers, and industry partners to be genuine colleagues who co-create educational pathways that both excite and encourage students to consider careers in engineering. From the perspective of employers, the project engaged engineering companies in ways that are fundamentally more active than how these partners are typically engaged with higher education. This project not only informed Northeast\u27s program, but it also benefited the students directly by highlighting the ongoing workforce needs of the region\u27s rural employers. The Maker Fridays project was designed to dispel misconceptions and transform careers in engineering into a tangible and viable option for underrepresented students by engaging high school seniors in a college-level maker course. A student’s positive experience in science that is integrated with maker design and creativity has been found to increase enthusiasm and a belief in the ability to pursue a science career (Linder et al., 2002; Feinstein et al., 2016). The Maker Fridays project engaged rural high school students in maker design and creativity. The engineering field struggles to develop sufficient interest and sustained participation across underrepresented demographic groups including women and individuals from rural communities. Through the Maker Fridays project, high school students were provided with learning activities and career exploration that helped them understand engineering while earning college credits that will lead to an engineering program of study upon high school graduation. These experiences were offered early enough in their education to allow changes in their career path. Through activities targeted to a high school audience, the Maker Fridays project dispelled misconceptions and transformed careers in engineering into a tangible and viable option for rural students

Multi-spectral window radiance observations of Cirrus from satellite and aircraft, November 2, 1986 Project FIRE

High resolution infrared radiance spectra achieved from the NASA ER2 airborne HIS experiment are used to analyze the spectral emissivity properties of cirrus clouds within the 8 to 12 micron atmospheric window region. Observations show that the cirrus emissivity generally decreases with increasing wavenumber (i.e., decreasing wavelength) within this band. A very abrupt decrease in emissivity (increase in brightness temperature) exists between 930/cm (10.8 microns) and 1000/cm (10.0 microns), the magnitude of the change being associated with the cirrus optical thickness as observed by lidar. The HIS observations are consistent with theoretical calculations of the spectral absorption coefficient for ice. The HIS observations imply that cirrus clouds can be detected unambiguously from the difference in brightness temperatures observed within the 8.2 and 11.0 micron window regions of the HIRS sounding radiometer flying on the operational NOAA satellites. This ability is demonstrated using simultaneous 25 km resolution HIRS observations and 1 km resolution AVHRR imagery achieved from the NOAA-9 satellite. Finally, the cirrus cloud location estimates combined with the 6.7 micron channel moisture imagery portray the boundaries of the ice/vapor phase of the upper troposphere moisture. This phase distinction is crucial for infrared radiative transfer considerations for weather and climate models, since upper tropospheric water vapor has little effect on the Earth's outgoing radiation whereas cirrus clouds have a very large attenuating effect

AGEs in human lens capsule promote the TGFβ2-mediated EMT of lens epithelial cells:Implications for age-associated fibrosis

Proteins in basement membrane (BM) are long-lived and accumulate chemical modifications during aging; advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation is one such modification. The human lens capsule is a BM secreted by lens epithelial cells. In this study, we have investigated the effect of aging and cataracts on the AGE levels in the human lens capsule and determined their role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells. EMT occurs during posterior capsule opacification (PCO), also known as secondary cataract formation. Wefound age-dependent increases in several AGEs and significantly higher levels in cataractous lens capsules than in normal lens capsules measured by LC-MS/MS. The TGFβ2-mediated upregulation of the mRNA levels (by qPCR) of EMT-associated proteins was significantly enhanced in cells cultured on AGE-modified BM and human lens capsule compared with those on unmodified proteins. Such responses were also observed for TGFβ1. In the human capsular bag model of PCO, the AGE content of the capsule proteins was correlated with the synthesis of TGFβ2-mediated a-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Taken together, our data imply that AGEs in the lens capsule promote the TGFβ2-mediated fibrosis of lens epithelial cells during PCO and suggest that AGEs in BMs could have a broader role in aging and diabetes-associated fibrosis