Impact of Lesson Study on Teachers’ Beliefs, Professional Knowledge, Collaboration, and Instructional Planning

The purpose of this qualitative action research study was to create a lesson study framework that content and grade level teams of teachers can use to develop and implement their own professional learning connected to student learning goals over the course of a school year. The knowledge claim (McNiff, 2017) for this study is lesson study will result in changes in teachers’ knowledge and beliefs about their content, pedagogy and student learning, in teachers’ collaborative capacity, and in the teaching and learning resources that are used to support student thinking (Lewis et al., 2009). Three teams of content specific teachers engaged in one cycle of lesson study. Data collection was done using direct observation through researcher participation, field notes, lesson study protocols, a Pre-Lesson Study Questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews with teachers. The findings from this study indicate lesson study provides a framework for teachers to connect professional learning to problems of practice directly connected to their classrooms. Collaboration through lesson study gives teachers the opportunity to dig deep into their own content knowledge, students’ content knowledge, and their pedagogy to create teaching and learning resources that elicit student thinking. It also reveals barriers to instruction that may need to be addressed to effectively support teachers. Skilled facilitation emerged as a necessary component for effective implementation of lesson study. Additional cycles of lesson study over longer periods are time are recommended to determine the long-term impact of lesson study on teacher and student learning

A Study of Emotional Conflict on Delinquent and Non-Delinquent Boys

This experiment dealt with the disorganization of responses in delinquent and non-delinquent boys by the use of the Luria Technique. This consists essentially of an instrumental and objective measurement of the affective state as it appears through disturbances in the smooth flow of a complex response to a controlled word association test. Thirty delinquent boys held by probation office and thirty non-delinquent boys with no record of court appearance were used as subjects. The age range was twelve to seventeen years. The boys were individually matched on the basis of C.A., M.A., school grade placement, school, and a rough index of socio-economic status. The results show a small quantitative difference between the groups in disorganization of response in the experimental situation, with large individual differences in both groups. The non-delinquent were slightly less variable and more rapid in reaction time, more normal in verbal responses, and showed a lower incidence of disturbed motor reactions. It appears that the greatest differentiation appears in a qualitative analysis of intensity and pattern of response

RT_BUILD: An expert programmer for implementing and simulating Ada real-time control software

The RT BUILD is an expert control system programmer that creates real-time Ada code from block-diagram descriptions of control systems. Since RT BUILD embodies substantial knowledge about the implementation of real-time control systems, it can perform many, if not most of the functions normally performed by human real-time programmers. Though much basic research was done in automatic programming, RT BUILD appears to be the first application of this research to an important problem in flight control system development. In particular, RT BUILD was designed to directly increase productivity and reliability for control implementations of large complex systems

Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare disease, which requires a high index of suspicion to diagnose when patients initially present. Initial symptoms can be nonspecific and include complaints such as fatigue and mild dyspnea. Once the disease is suspected, echocardiography is used to estimate the pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure and to exclude secondary causes of elevated PA pressures such as left heart disease. Right heart catheterization with vasodilator challenge is critical to the proper assessment of pulmonary hemodynamics and to determine whether patients are likely to benefit from vasodilator therapy. Pathologically, the disease is characterized by deleterious remodeling of the distal pulmonary arterial and arteriolar circulation, which results in increased pulmonary vascular resistance. In the last fifteen years, medications from three different classes have been approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. These include the prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

The Reliability of the Psychoneurotic Inventory with Delinquent Boys

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of the psychoneurotic inventory when given under varying conditions. The conditions chosen were the group situation and the individual interview after a definite attempt had been made to establish rapport with the subject. The subjects were forty-eight delinquent boys from two state institutions. The Woodworth-Cady Personal Data Sheet and the Bell Adjustment Inventory were used. In the oral interview six questions from the Cady and fifty-three questions from the Bell inventory were used. Results indicate a 20 to 40 per cent reversal in identical items between the two methods of administration. The correlation for gross scores was.36

System for the Management of Trauma and Emergency Surgery in Space

The need to develop a systems approach to the management of trauma and other major clinical medical events in space along with appropriate development and evaluation of surgical techniques and required hardware was investigated. A prototype zero gravity surgical module was constructed and tested aboard a KC-135 aircraft during parabolic arc zero G flight. To insure parity of quality care to that available on Earth, it was recommended that a clinical medical and bioengineering advisory committee define and help develop the necessary components of the clinical medical care system for the space station and lunar base. Key components of the system are aerospace surgical training, medical equipment development, including support hardware and software, rapid access to a network of specialty expertise, and continued research and development

The Specificity of Response Obtained on the Association Motor Test

As a result of extensive testing of more or less normal individuals, the investigators were led to believe that word association might better be conceived of as a general mental process and that disturbances in association tests might be indicators of the amount of disturbance existing in a given individual\u27s total process rather than rising from a specific situation which is presented to the subject\u27s mind by the specific test word

Effects of Menopause in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: An Evidence-Based Review

Over two thirds of all individuals who develop multiple sclerosis (MS) will be women prior to the age of menopause. Further, an estimated 30% of the current MS population consists of peri- or postmenopausal women. The presence of MS does not appear to influence age of menopausal onset. In clinical practice, symptoms of MS and menopause can frequently overlap, including disturbances in cognition, mood, sleep, and bladder function, which can create challenges in ascertaining the likely cause of symptoms to be treated. A holistic and comprehensive approach to address these common physical and psychological changes is often suggested to patients during menopause. Although some studies have suggested that women with MS experience reduced relapse rates and increased disability progression post menopause, the data are not consistent enough for firm conclusions to be drawn. Mechanisms through which postmenopausal women with MS may experience disability progression include neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration from age-associated phenomena such as immunosenescence and inflammaging. Additional effects are likely to result from reduced levels of estrogen, which affects MS disease course. Following early retrospective studies of women with MS receiving steroid hormones, more recent interventional trials of exogenous hormone use, albeit as oral contraceptive, have provided some indications of potential benefit on MS outcomes. This review summarizes current research on the effects of menopause in women with MS, including the psychological impact and symptoms of menopause on disease worsening, and the treatment options. Finally, we highlight the need for more inclusion of MS patients from underrepresented racial and geographic groups in clinical trials, including among menopausal women