Finite Products are Biproducts in a Compact Closed Category

If a compact closed category has finite products or finite coproducts then it in fact has finite biproducts, and so is semi-additive.Comment: 9 pages. Introduction further expanded, minor errors correcte

Slaveholders and Slaves of Hempstead County, Arkansas

A largely quantitative view of the institution of slavery in Hempstead County, Arkansas, this work does not describe the everyday lives of slaveholders and slaves. Chapters examine the origins, expansion, economics, and demise of slavery in the county. Slavery was established as an important institution in Hempstead County at an early date. The institution grew and expanded quickly as slaveholders moved into the area and focused the economy on cotton production. Slavery as an economic institution was profitable to masters, but it may have detracted from the overall economic development of the county. Hempstead County slaveholders sought to protect their slave property by supporting the Confederacy and housing Arkansas's Confederate government through the last half of the war

A place for us : the territory of the quotidian in suburban downtown redevelopment-- Needham, Waltham, Watertown

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Includes bibliographical references.In recent years, planners, architects, and developers alike have all begun to look to suburban downtown redevelopment as a strategy for economic development, housing development, and for creating a social and cultural amenity for town residents. Suburban downtown redevelopment holds the promise of increased employment opportunities that could reduce commute times for residents, improved economic conditions that could provide tax revenue for fiscally strained municipalities, downtown housing that could help alleviate the affordable housing crisis, and the creation of a social amenity that could help build community and social capital. Since many visions of the contemporary redevelopment of suburban downtowns appear to modeled on early nineteenth century downtowns, three case-studies with historic downtown districts were chosen for study. The downtown districts' businesses were tabulated by type, compared over time and analyzed through the framework of contemporaneous planning and development trends. There was a clear trend towards the loss of locally-oriented businesses such as retailers of staples and household goods concomitant with the development of businesses that catered to the non-local. During the same time-periods, there were attempts by local planners and business people to court the regional market, sometimes to the detriment of the local market, and many times to the detriment of the physical environment downtown.(cont.) This thesis seeks to understand the relationship between downtown development and the vision and experience of downtown for residents. Rather than a specialized district visited on occasion, a locally-oriented downtown is a place for quotidian needs, a place to engender regular visits by permanent residents. There is evidence that downtowns have historically been just such places, and that, if the historic downtown is to serve as a model, that the territory of the quotidian must be considered. If the downtown is to become the social and cultural amenity popularized in the literature, it must be attractive to the local social and cultural milieu.by Kelly J. Houston.M.C.P

ON A FUNCTIONAL EQUATION RELATED TO THE DETERMINANT OF SYMMETRIC TWO-BY-TWO MATRICES

Abstract. The present work aims to find the solutions f, g, h, , m : (u, v) for all x, y, u, v ∈ R without any regularity assumptions on the unknown functions. This equation is a generalization of a functional equation which arises from the characterization of the determinant of symmetric matrices

Multimodal Control of Liquid Crystalline Mesophases from Surfactants with Photoswitchable Tails

Non-invasive manipulation of the hierarchical structure of functional materials is a key challenge in the advancement of optoelectronics, energy conversion and storage devices and drug delivery systems. Here, using a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering and polarised optical microscopy, we decipher the various structure/self- assembly relationships of neutral surfactants bearing photoswitchable tails, which self-organise into a rich variety of lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases. Facile, multimodal control of the nanoscale morphology of these single-component systems is achieved through: i) molecular structure, via careful selection of the alkyl tail/ethylene oxide headgroup lengths; ii) concentration; iii) temperature; and iv) photoisomerisation. The nanoscale architectures range from the weakly concentrated hyperswollen lamellar phases, the more common lyotropic lamellar and hexagonal phases, to pure thermotropic liquid crystals; all of which are accessible at room temperature. Photoisomerisation with UV light leads to the reversible destruction of the liquid crystalline phase, which can be spatially controlled through the use of a mask. This extensive study demonstrates the versatility of neutral photosurfactants and paves the way for them to be investigated for new applications, such as photoresponsive templates or drug delivery systems.Isaac Newton Trust/University of Cambridge Early Career Support Scheme grant. Irish Research Council EU COST action MP120

Light-responsive self-assembly of a cationic azobenzene surfactant at high concentration.

The formation of high-concentration mesophases by a cationic azobenzene photosurfactant is described for the first time. Using a combination of polarised optical microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, optically anisotropic, self-assembled structures with long-range order are reported. The mesophases are disrupted or lost upon UV irradiation

Outbreak of Aeromonas hydrophila wound infections association with mud football

On 16 February 2002, a total of 26 people presented to the emergency department of the local hospital in the rural town of Collie in southwest Western Australia with many infected scratches and pustules distributed over their bodies. All of the patients had participated in a “mud football” competition the previous day, in which there had been 100 participants. One patient required removal of an infected thumbnail, and another required surgical debridement of an infected toe. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from all 3 patients from whom swab specimens were obtained. To prepare the mud football fields, a paddock was irrigated with water that was pumped from an adjacent river during the 1-month period before the competition. A. hydrophila was subsequently isolated from a water sample obtained from the river. This is the first published report of an outbreak of A. hydrophila wound infections associated with exposure to mud.Hassan Vally, Amanda Whittle, Scott Cameron, Gary K. Dowse and Tony Watso